Survey Report for Animal Genetic Resources (No.14) National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
edited by Genebank Lab. of Animal Genetic Resources Mitsuru MINEZAWA Hideaki TAKAHASHI Masae KAWADA
Director 1. 2.
1. Present Situation of Native Animal Genetic Resources Originated in Island Area of Kagoshima Prefecture Mitsuru MINEZAWA Genebank National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences 30 2003 3 17 23 125 40 40 50 20 30 90 110 100 FAO Critical-maintained Endangered-maintained 141 202004 Critical 100 5 120 80 Endangered 100 1000 5 20 1000 80 1000 80 Maintained 1
2 8 2 2 15 3 15 3 17 23 7 3 17 3 1819 3 20 3 21 3 2223 2
3 200km 2 1 1 3 319 7 8 28 6 36 30 100 58 Kimura 65 81 2 32 8 40 2, 4, 5 1220 2.5cm 110.9 3.4cm 144.6 2.4cm 22cm125.7 4.2cm 15cm 114.9 2.4cm 1995 3
30 40 10 20 50 60 6 7 1 1 4 8, 9 2 2 11 97 31 7 70 1 3 2, 310 30 1894 27 8 1 30 11 4 4 I W PP 4
41995 2 7 13 12 3 20 17 88 10 20, 21 2 3 10, 11 1 2 22 3 23 1897 30 10 1885 18 1943 18 100 1952 43 1953 28 8 1960 35 32 108 122cm 114.5 cm 114.9cm 118.7cm 117.6cm 114.3cm 114.0cm 27 35cm 10 10 1 2 5
X 1995 43 23 20 18 54 20 34 24 2 12 9 3 25 3 1 2 14 32 11 26, 27 6 1 6 110kg9 2002 3 29 28 5 5 100 30 7 1 1 3 1 2 29 6
100 4 10 1 2 4 20 30 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 2000 97 31 423 105 28 480 413 124 1664 350 1 12 30 558 2658 12 413 756 7
65 1 3 10 30 10 2, 3 5 On farm ex situ 2002 14 2000 1999 1995 6 7 3 5-14 1995 6 7 3 53-60 1995 6 7 3 97-108 1998483-486 http://www.aruzou.com/ 1 1961 1 9-57. 8
1. Present Situation of Native Animal Genetic Resources Originated in Island Area of Kagoshima Prefecture Mitsuru MINEZAWA Genebank National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Abstract Much native livestock remained in the island region of Kagoshima Prefecture until the late 1950s. However, the subsequent socio-economical change deprived native breeds of their position and they were substituted by highly improved breeds. The remaining breeds have been transferred and they are conserved mainly on the mainland of Kagoshima. The present condition of conservation of the Tokara horse, Tokara goat, Kuchinoshima feral cattle and Shima-buta (pig), known as the livestock breeds that originated in the Kagoshima islands area, was surveyed in March, 2003. Tokara horse: 125 head are reared at Iriki livestock farm of Kagoshima University, Kaimon-Dake foothill Natural Park, and Nakanoshima in the Tokara Isles, etc. Tokara goat: Approximately 40 head are maintained in Kagoshima University, and Hirakawa municipal zoo. Kuchinoshima feral cattle: 90-110 head are maintained. Those surviving as feral animals in Kuchinoshima account for 40-50 head, and 20-30 are conserved in each of the Iriki livestock farm of Kagoshima University and the Experimental Station of Highland Animal Production of Nagoya University. Shima-buta: A total of around 100 head remain in Tokunoshima and on the mainland of Kagoshima. All of these breeds are at risk according to the criteria of FAO. The Tokara goat is in the criticalmaintained category and the other breeds are in endangered-maintained. (Survey Report for Animal Genetic Resources 14 : 1 20, 2004) 9
km 2 km m 13.33 20.38 29 58 129 55 628.3 34.47 30.18 29 50 129 52 979 101.35 148.53 264 284 548 261 272 533 210 222 432 171 180 351 146 145 291 114 105 219 83 91 174 92 91 183 83 94 177 87 86 173 108 115 111 105 109 114 95 92 92 97 478 450 928 518 506 1024 292 294 586 234 249 483 163 184 347 115 124 239 109 118 227 103 111 214 100 97 197 102 81 183 208 237 159 148 127 105 108 105 101 105 1325 1333 2658 1266 1336 2602 893 955 1848 681 726 1407 548 572 1120 459 444 903 378 409 787 388 402 790 401 375 776 401 355 756 588 587 471 434 403 423 374 386 402 413 0 14 15 34 35 49 50 64 65 347 344 691 59 50 109 30 33 63 79 65 144 69 74 143 110 122 232 10
11 755 709 660 646 666 927 957 983 1226 1376 1482 1436 1475 2496 1786 1556 1664 0.427 0.338 0.35 0.355 0.308 0.3 172 143 131 125 113 129 137 138 139 134 135 124 126 126 123 122 124 0.274 0.261 0.252 0.251 0.254 0.282 0.283 0.279 0.249 0.263 0.233 0.247 0.277 0.164 0.279 0.303 0.288 207 185 166 162 169 261 271 274 305 362 345 354 408 410 498 471 480 0.283 0.219 0.278 0.295 0.287 0.267 36 23 30 26 22 28 31 32 32 30 30 29 29 28 27 27 28 0.215 0.285 0.332 0.35 0.368 0.305 0.316 0.314 0.356 0.331 0.372 0.33 0.326 0.19 0.307 0.294 0.254 162 202 219 226 245 283 302 309 437 455 551 474 481 474 548 457 423 0.301 0.333 0.358 0.402 0.337 0.32 44 38 34 30 34 35 37 38 33 33 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 16.5 393.2 149.5 248.0 22.5 3.3 53.3 376.6 148.3 339.6 1.8 3.4 78.9 1.4 12.7 19.3 451.4 147.5 254.4 1.8 1.5 16.0 30.4 kg 12 kg 35 kg
1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 44 1816 1800 45 1825 49 1554 54 1559 60 1619 61 1723 62 1724 68 1885 69 1969 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 69 2068 70 2078 75 2056 88 1952 89 2147 91 2506 92 2701 104 3065 118 3450 114 3203 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 110 3361 115 3466 113 3157 110 3201 108 2895 106 2892 103 2677 113 2510 121 2458 126 13 54 43 2 4 3 7 126 10 20 23 1 2 1 5 62 14 8 3 34 20 1 2 2 2 64 12
14 16 3 3 kg kg cm cm kg kg cm cm kg kg 1.4 1.5kg 160kg 85cm 1.4 1.5kg 160kg 80cm 40 41kg 40 41kg kg g kg mm kg g kg mm 15 15 115 120 20 21 7 9 7 9 10 12 10 12 120kg 500 530g 72 75kg 1.9 120kg 500 530g 72 75kg 1.9 11 12 10 14 2.0 13
14
図７ 図４ 海から見た口之島 西側 矢印は野生化牛の 住む燃岳 図５ 口之島案内図 図６ 口之島の黒毛和種 放牧場 図７ 口之島野生化牛 生息域への入り口 15
図８ ９ 口之島で観察された野生化牛 図１０ 口之島の農家で飼育されていた山羊 白色固体が見られた 左端 図１２ 口之島特産の サンスベリアの栽培 図１１ 野生化牛を観察した山の反対側 急斜面にいた２頭の山羊 矢印 16
図１３ 鹿児島大学入来牧場案内図 図１４ １６ 入来牧場の口之島野生化牛 図１７ 鹿児島大学 農学部のトカラ山羊 図１８ 入来牧場のトカラ馬 17
図１９ 中之島案内図 図２０ 中之島トカラヤギ 牧場の看板 図２１ 中之島トカラヤギ牧場で飼育されている山羊 図２２ 中之島の御岳山麓で見かけた 野生化ヤギ 図２３ トカラヤギ牧場の管理室にいた 野生から持ち込まれた子山羊 18
図２４ 開聞山麓自然公園内に放牧されているトカラ馬 図２５ 中之島高尾の湿原に放牧されているトカラ馬 19
図２８ 黒毛奄美島豚の商標登録証 図２６ ２７ ゆうかり学園の奄美の島豚 図２９ 鹿児島市内のデパートで販売されている奄美の島豚の肉 20
2. The Development and Improvement of Local Chicken Lines in Aomori Katsumi SAITO Poultry Division, Experiment Station of Animal Husbandry, Aomori Prefectural Agricultural and Forestry Research Center 1996 2001 147 169 300 58.9 59.9g 140 2,966 3,651g 100g P<0.05300 3,806 4,184g 45g P<0.05 151 450 57.4 64.3 0.8P<0.05 183 206 140 2,087 2,197g300 2,841 3,138g 300 42.5 52.3g 151 450 30.8 43.0 1.2 P<0.12 155 173 2.4 P<0.10 300 1,719 1,978g300 53.0 57.3g 151 450 58.1 77.2 2.6P<0.01 L* 84.9 87.8a* 5.83 5.16b* 4.58 6.16C* 7.34 8.57 136 144 21
146 185 300 1,832 2,114g300 60.8 62.9g151 450 61.5 74.8 L* 83.6 86.5 b* 5.8 10.6C* 7.8 12.0 120 135 a* 5.69 4.87 0.14 P<0.01 151 177 2 P<0.13 240 1,555 1,849g 23g (P<0.11) 151 450 53.6 71.4273 5.7 5.9g 29.4 30.9 273 59.1 64.5g300 60.4 67.0g 0.6g 273 P<0.01300 P<0.05 273 17.7 19.2g 0.14g P<0.05 35.7 39.6g 0.45g P<0.01 9.2 9.7 0.07P<0.01 14 : 21 42, 2004 3 14 800 1991 1996 1987 1994 1995 2001 2 22
K k 1 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 1995/07/05 1996/07/03 1997/07/30 1998/07/29 1999/08/25 2000/07/26 2001/07/18 1) F 1 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 591 553 441 685 454 554 645 2 B6 B7 G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 1995/04/12 1996/04/10 1997/04/16 1998/05/06 1999/05/12 2000/05/24 2001/06/06 1/128 1/256 1/256 1/256 1/256 1/256 1/256 127/128 255/256 255/256 255/256 255/256 255/256 255/256 1) B F1 G 119 124 160 101 109 108 163 O 1/2 1/2 3 23
F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 1995/06/21 1996/07/03 1997/09/03 1998/07/29 1999/08/25 2000/07/26 2001/08/01 139 203 263 284 249 289 222 1) F 1 O 1/2 1/2 4 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 1995/04/19 1996/04/17 1997/09/03 1998/06/17 1999/06/16 2000/06/28 2001/07/04 77 152 100 205 186 156 230 1) F 1 1984 1993 1993 3 1999 5 G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 G13 G15 G16 1994/03/02 1995/06/28 1996/07/03 1997/08/06 1998/06/10 1999/06/09 2000/07/12 2001/07/25 99 125 93 92 91 198 145 105 24
28 120 5 CP16.0ME2800kcal/ 14 3 CR-200 L*a*b* 100 1-100 100 k K k 12 3 25
k1987 F1 ( B) BB Bbb-BB F4 140 6 7 147 169 140 2,966 3,651g300 3,806 4,184gP<0.05140 140 300 (g) 300 (g) 151 450 % 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 161.8 14.3 160.1 11.4 153.9 17.9 168.8 8.1 147.2 13.6 162.2 12.2 154.4 20.7 2,966 294 3,029 336 3,057 294 3,025 255 3,496 304 3,177 269 3,651 379 3,900 395 3,942 390 3,806 411 3,927 426 4,085 385 4,003 435 4,184 430 59.9 4.0 59.8 4.1 58.9 3.7 59.8 3.8 59.1 4.1 59.9 3.8 59.5 3.7 64.3 16.4 62.1 15.0 62.1 17.4 63.7 14.6 61.9 16.3 61.1 15.0 57.4 17.7 1) 26
140 300 300 151 450 0.89 99.55* 44.80* 0.13 0.82* *P<0.05 100g300 45g 140 2,805 2,937g300 3,679 3,931g 300 58.9 59.9g 59g 27
151 450 57.4 64.3P<0.05 0.8 4 5 F1 7 255/256 1/256 2 8 9 183 206 140 2,087 2,197g300 28
140 300 (g) 300 (g) 151 450 % 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 182.6 26.5 205.8 17.4 196.5 25.9 191.7 24.7 191.7 17.0 190.9 19.8 188.2 21.7 2,197 301 2,182 199 2,087 159 2,134 211 2,146 174 2,857 455 3,138 161 2,963 398 2,841 298 2,928 320 3,049 324 2,957 289 51.7 2.8 42.5 2.1 51.0 4.3 49.8 3.5 52.2 4.2 52.0 3.2 52.3 3.7 37.4 19.8 30.8 11.3 41.4 14.1 39.5 15.3 43.0 16.7 39.7 13.7 42.4 14.6 1) 300 300 151 450 P<0.12 0.63 3.22 0.78 1.24 2,841 3,138g300 42.5 52.3g 151 450 30.8 43.0 1.2P<0.12 5 B5 29
183 205 300 2,950 3,171g300 50.9 52.9g151 450 34.3 35.6 7.4 1/2 1/2 6 7 O 1991 1/2 1/2 0 3/4 7/8 a* 130 8 1/2 1/2 30
1992 1995 1988 F1 1 F5 1992 a* 1995 a* 1997 a* 3 10 11 12 155 173 P<0.10 162 177 300 1,719 1,978g 300 1,917 2,007g300 53.0 57.3g 1997 151 450 58.1 77.2 2.6P<0.01 56.3 68.5 31
L* 84.9 87.8 84.7 87.6 a* 5.83 5.16 6.84 5.71 32
300 (g) 300 (g) 151 450 % 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 173.4 15.7 169.0 15.0 154.7 17.1 166.3 15.0 154.7 11.7 156.9 11.2 159.2 14.0 1,920 257 1,827 307 1,719 264 1,774 237 1,773 297 1,821 294 1,978 277 55.6 4.3 54.8 4.6 53.0 4.2 54.3 4.1 55.1 4.5 55.9 4.5 57.3 4.0 58.1 25.6 68.0 20.4 71.5 20.5 72.6 18.6 72.1 20.6 77.2 16.5 76.0 19.0 1) L* a* b* C* 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 87.23 2.04 87.81 2.15 86.42 1.98 84.94 3.19 86.41 2.13 86.54 2.38 87.40 2.18 5.83 0.83 5.57 0.90 5.16 0.88 5.70 0.88 5.68 0.92 5.55 0.89 5.53 0.78 4.83 2.38 4.58 2.47 4.86 2.54 5.74 2.43 5.33 2.43 6.16 3.09 4.97 2.73 7.76 1.92 7.44 1.94 7.34 2.00 8.27 1.97 8.02 1.88 8.57 2.44 7.68 2.13 143.0 12.1 143.6 14.0 140.0 14.4 137.3 12.0 139.6 13.5 135.8 14.6 141.6 14.1 1) 300 300 151 450 300 L* 300 a* 300 b* 300 C* 300 P<0.10**P<0.01 2.39 7.62 0.34 2.60** 0.07 0.02 0.14 0.10 0.72 b* 4.58 6.16 5.7 7.2C* 7.34 8.57 8.4 10.1 136 144 134 139 L* a* b* C* 1995 33
O 1/2 1/2 2002 9 10 1993 1 a* 4 13 14 15 146 185 300 1,832 2,114g300 60.8 62.9g151 450 61.5 74.8 146 159 300 1,971 2,243g300 60.1 61.1g151 450 64.0 81.9 F1 F2 L* 83.6 86.5 a* 5.69 4.87 0.14 P<0.01 a* 5.28 4.82 34
a* b* 5.8 10.6 b* 8.9 12.3 C* 7.8 12.0 35
300 300 (g) 151 450 % 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 157.0 22.1 160.3 18.2 146.0 12.2 166.2 21.1 184.8 17.3 167.4 8.7 162.3 9.9 1,994 235 2,114 348 1,864 228 1,953 278 1,832 305 1,951 269 1,925 283 62.5 5.2 62.9 5.3 60.8 4.9 62.6 5.2 62.5 4.8 62.8 4.5 62.3 4.9 68.2 14.7 68.3 17.4 72.5 17.2 61.5 20.7 61.5 19.1 74.7 15.3 74.8 12.4 1) L* a* b* C* 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 86.52 2.61 85.59 2.79 83.55 3.92 85.39 2.85 85.28 2.45 84.54 2.70 85.47 2.73 4.87 0.97 5.19 1.20 4.96 0.85 5.52 1.28 5.65 1.16 5.61 0.95 5.69 0.95 5.80 2.87 10.56 4.37 6.78 3.45 7.34 3.53 7.27 2.95 7.88 3.27 6.43 2.96 7.80 2.47 12.01 3.97 8.70 2.82 9.56 2.76 9.47 2.33 9.94 2.66 8.87 2.29 133.3 12.8 119.8 11.7 130.5 14.7 130.9 15.6 130.5 12.9 128.8 13.4 134.8 13.9 1) 300 300 151 450 300 L* 300 a* 300 b* 300 C* 300 **P<0.01 2.46 20.21 0.02 0.77 0.13 0.14** 0.11 0.01 0.80 10.6 13.4 120 135 113 124 L* a* L* a* a* 36
の濃い卵を産する鶏種となり 選抜の効果が明らかであった 今後さらに a* を低くするとと もに 産卵率を高めることに選抜の重点を移す必要がある ５ 卵黄重選抜系 １ 特徴 白色レグホーン種で卵黄重を増加させる選抜を行っている鶏種である 本種の外貌および卵 黄の大きさは写真 11 12 および写真 13 に示した 写真１２ 卵黄重選抜系統雌 写真１１ 卵黄重選抜系統雄 とさかは断冠している 写真１３ 1994 年孵化 卵黄重選抜系 左 卵重 61.3g 卵黄重 17.8g 無選抜対照系 右 卵重 57.2g 卵黄重 16.0g 37
1984 1993 217 273 7 273 5 6 16 17 18 151 177 2 P<0.13240 1,555 1,849g 23g P<0.11300 60.4 67.0g 0.6g P<0.01 151 450 53.6 71.4 273 59.1 64.5g 0.6g P<0.01 273 17.7 19.2g 0.14g P<0.05273 5.7 5.9g 29.4 30.9 35.7 39.6g 0.45g P<0.01 9.16 9.67 0.07P<0.01 1977 6 7g 38
240 (g) 300 (g) 151 450 % 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 177.2 31.0 160.5 12.7 161.1 22.5 160.3 19.8 154.2 19.4 169.2 12.4 161.3 9.8 150.6 8.9 1,555 17.2 1,781 17.7 1,767 20.5 1,698 17.8 1,698 23.0 1,675 22.8 1,810 19.2 1,849 17.4 60.4 4.7 64.8 3.8 64.6 4.8 63.0 3.3 64.8 4.2 64.1 3.7 65.8 3.7 67.0 4.0 53.6 14.6 69.6 14.6 62.1 20.6 70.3 13.8 55.0 20.1 62.8 17.0 71.4 15.3 65.5 19.8 1) (g) (g) (g) (g) (%) (%) 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 59.1 3.5 62.4 3.6 61.2 4.9 61.3 3.1 62.6 4.3 62.9 3.5 64.5 3.6 64.1 3.8 17.66 1.09 18.66 1.14 18.94 1.19 18.92 1.04 19.00 1.28 18.72 1.12 18.95 1.15 19.17 1.17 5.7 0.5 5.9 0.5 5.9 0.5 5.8 0.4 5.9 0.6 5.9 0.5 5.9 0.5 5.9 0.6 35.7 23.3 37.8 27.8 36.6 34.3 36.6 24.6 37.6 31.3 38.2 25.5 39.6 25.1 39.1 26.3 9.67 0.53 9.53 0.62 9.59 0.70 9.52 0.59 9.50 0.68 9.45 0.59 9.19 0.51 9.16 0.61 29.9 1.17 30.0 1.60 30.9 2.00 30.9 1.50 30.4 1.57 29.8 1.34 29.4 1.21 29.9 1.27 1) 1980 8 1994 2001 5g 39
240 300 151 450 273 273 273 273 273 273 P<0.13 *P<0.05**P<0.01 1.95 22.98 0.62* 0.94 0.61** 0.14* 0.01 0.45** 0.07** 0.07 3.4g 1.5g 29.9 0.49 1991 2 3 132-135. 1996 1 6 7 157-164. 2000 4922-29 1994 L*a*b* L*u*v* 6 1991 2 3 136-142. 1977 C99-15. 1980 17219-227 40
2. The Development and Improvement of Local Chicken Lines in Aomori Katsumi SAITO Poultry Division, Experiment Station of Animal Husbandry, Aomori Prefectural Agricultural and Forestry Research Center Summary The objective of this report was to investigate the capacity of five kinds of local chickens produced in Aomori from 1995 to 2001. 1. Meat-type rapid feathering Barred Plymouth Rock 1) The age at first egg was 147-169 days and the egg weight at 300 days of age was 42.5-52.3g. 2) The body weight at 140 days of age was 2,966-3,651g, increasing by 100g a year (P<0.05). The body weight at 300 days of age was 3,806-4,184g, increasing by 45g a year (P<0.05). 3) The surviving egg production for 151-450 days of age was 57.4-64.3%, decreasing by 0.8% a year (P<0.05). 2. Barred Japanese game 1) The age at first egg was 183-206 days and the egg weight at 300 days of age was 42.5-52.3g. The body weights at 140 and 300 days of age were 2,087-2,197g and 2,841-3,138g, respectively 2) The surviving egg production for 151-450 days of age was 30.8-43.0%. It tended to increase by 1.2% a year (P<0.12). 3. Asunaro Ran I 1) The age at first egg was 155-173 days and it tended to decrease by 2.4 days a year (P<0.10). 2) The egg weight and body weight at 300 days of age were 53.0-57.3g and 1,719-1,978g respectively 3) The surviving egg production for 151-450 days of age was 58.1-77.2%, increasing by 2.6% a year (P<0.01). 4) The shell color components: L*, a*, b*, and C*, and hue angle at 300 days of age were 84.9-87.8, 5.83 to 5.16, 4.58-6.16, 7.34-8.57 and 136-144 degrees, respectively. 4. Asunaro Ran 1) The age at first egg was 146-185 daysthe egg weight and body weight at 300 days of age were 60.8-62.9g and 1,832-2,114grespectively. The surviving egg production for 151-450 days of age was 61.5-74.8% 2) The L*, b*, C* and hue angle of shell color were 83.6-86.5, 5.8-10.6, 7.8-12.0, and 120-135 degrees, respectively. 41
3) The a* of shell color was 5.69 to 4.87, decreasing by 0.4% a year (P<0.01). 5. Yolk weight selected line 1) The age at first egg was 151-177 days and it tended to decrease by 2 days a year (P<0.13). 2) The body weight at 240 days of age was 1,555-1,849g and it tended to increase by 23g a year (P<0.11). 3) The surviving egg production for 151-450 days of age was 53.6-71.4%. The egg shell weight and the ratio of yolk weight to egg weight at 273 days of age were 5.7-5.9g and 29.4-30.9%, respectively. 4) The egg weights at 273 and 300 days of age were 59.1-64.5g and 60.4-67.0g, respectively. Both increased by 0.6g a year (P<0.01 for 273 days, P<0.05 for 300 days). 5) The yolk weight at 273 days of age was 17.7-19.2g, increasing by 0.14g a year (P<0.05). 6) The albumen weight at 273 days of age was 35.7-39.6g, increasing by 0.45g a year (P<0.01). The ratio of eggshell weight to egg weight was 9.2-9.7%, decreasing by 0.07% a year (P<0.01). (Survey Report for Animal Genetic Resources 14 : 21 42. 2004) 42
Published by Natl. Inst. Agrobiol. Sciences Kannondai, Tukuba, 305-8602 Japan