Shigetaka KATOW 2001 10 Kandahar BC 330 Alexander 1 al-iskandar Iskandar 74 Alexandria Arachosiorum 100km 2 BC323 6 10 2 6 18 28 1 1 BC333 Bucephalus.. http:upload.wikimedia.org wikipedia commons a ac BattleofI ssus333bc-mosaic-detail.jpg 0101-0051 - RIKEN Center of Research Network for Infectious Diseases (Jinbocho 101 Bldg. 8th fl. 1-101 Kandajinbo-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo)
1999 8 23 Queens 2 6 Queens 3 9 7 9 Bronx 2 1 4 St. Louis encephalitis SLE CDC West Nile Virus, WNV SLE WN 5 SLE WN SLE 7 WN 19 1912 6 WN 1937 7 1927 8 1928 5 21 WN WN 20 50 WN H. C. Kyllingstad photo University of Michigan Museum of Zoology American crow 3 DEN JE TBE 5 2 Plutarchus Vitae Parallelae No.91991 3 American crow Corvus brachyrhynchos photographer H. C. Kyllingstad. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. http:animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu site resources h_c_kyllingstad AmericanCrow.jpg view.html 4 WNV in New York Outbreak of West Nile-like viral encephalitis-new York, 1999. MMWR, 38 : 845-49, 1999 5 DM Knipe et al. ed. Fields Virology 4 th edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 1048, 2001 6 http:ja.wikipedia.org wikie8 A5 BF E3 83 8A E3 82 A4 E3 83 AB E5 9C B0 E6 96 B9 7 KC Smithburn et al.: A neurotropic virus isolated from the blood of a native Uganda. Am J Trop Med 20, 471-92, 1940 8 A Stokes et al.: Transmission of yellow fever to Macacus rhesus, preliminary note. JAMA : 253-54, 1928
9 1999 10 WN Flaviviridae yellow fever flavus 1 flavivirus DEN JE TBE YFV 4 5 WN SLE 5 1999 WN SLE WN 11 2008 SLE SLE WN 2010 WN 2003 9,862 264 1,119 10 6 50 9 1951 1954, 1957, 2000 1962, 2000 1974 1996 1997 1999 1999 2010 CDC 1999 4 68 1999 37 1 6 34 WN 2 4 WN Culex pipiens 12 13 2009 60 220 2000 2 Red tail Hawk 101999 7 62 2000 10 1999 WN Aedes aegypti Culex pipiens pipiens Culex tarsalis Culex pipiens 13 9 WN http:www.mhlw.go.jp bunya kenkou kekkaku-kansenshou08 01.html 10 1999 WNV 11 WNV http:www.nih.go.jp vir1 NVL WNVhomepage WN.html 12 Culex pipiens pallens http:www.nih.go.jp niid entomology picture pallens pallens.html 13 WNV http:www.cdc.gov ncidod dvbid westnile qa transmission.htm
81 St. Louis Rocio and St. Louis Brazil West Nile Japanese Japanese and Murray Valley Murray Valley and Kunjin 図 4 日本脳炎抗原群に属するウイルスの分布 1999 10 ウエストナイルウイルス 日本脳炎 ウエストナイルウイルス 日本脳炎ウイルス マレーバレーおよびクンジンウイルス 図 5 ウエストナイルウイルスの流行地域 2009 年 10 West Nile virus Mosquito vector West Nile virus West Nile virus Bird reservoir hosts 図 6 アカイエカ 12 写真提供 国立感染症研究所 昆虫医科学部 Incidental infection Incidental infection 図 7 West Nile Virus Transmission Cycle 13 11
Culex Culex univittatus Culex pipiens molestus Culex tritaeniorhyncus Culex pipiens pallens Aedes WN 14 2002 1 4 3 1 2005 1 4 3 14 4 WN 15 1 2 3 4 5 3 4 2002 WN WN 1998 16 New York Israel Lanciotti RS et al. Science 1999 16 14 West Nile Virus Infections in Organ Transplant Recipients --- New York and Pennsylvania, August--September, 2005. MMWR Dispatch, October 5, 2005 15 A. Macedo de Oliveira et al.: West Nile Virus blood transfusion-related infection despite nucleic acid testing. transfusion 44, 1695-99, 2004 16 Lanciotti, RS : Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the north-eastern United States. Science 286, 2333-37, 1999
2005 9 30 WN 17 9 80 20 2 6 0.6 0.7 3 3.5 WN 1 Aedes albopictus 2 Culex tritaeniorhyncus 3 Culex vishnui WN WN 1984 1,000 WN WN WN 5 10 WN WN WN CDC Emerging Infectious Diseases 2010 3 17 Infectious Diseases Weekly Report Japan, 40 p13-14, 2005 1 : 56-57, 2006
1 WN 18 09 5 6 2 10 RNA WN RNA WN 2003 CDC WN 19 WN 1999 WN WN BC330 WN 1 WN WN 50 18 M Venter et al. Transmission of West Nile Virus during horse autopsy. Emerging Infectious Diseases 3 : 573-75, 2010 19 J S Marr et al.: Alexander the Great and West Nile Virus Encephalitis. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12, 2003