2

2

... 2... 3... 5... 6 1... 7 1-1... 8 1-1-1... 8 1-1-2... 9 1-2... 10 1-3... 11 1-4... 11... 16 2-1PPS... 17 2-1-1PPS... 17 2-1-2... 20 2-2... 23 2-2-1... 23 2-2-2... 25... 29 3-1... 30 3-1-1... 30 3-1-2... 31 3-2... 35 3-2-1... 35 3-2-2... 35... 37 4-1... 38 4-2... 38 4-2-1... 39 4-2-2... 41 5... 44 3

5-1... 45 5-1-1... 45 5-1-2... 45 5-2... 46 5-2-1... 46 5-2-2... 46... 50 6-1. 51 6-1-1... 51 6-1-2... 51 6-1-3... 52 6-1-4... 54 6-2... 55... 57... 59... 61 4

1 1995 2 2000 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 19 10 20 10 21 GDP 22 1 2 3 5

1951 10 90 1995 10 6

1 7

1 1-1 1-1-1 2 1 2004 2 2005 8

1-1-2 3 4 3 2005 4 9

1-2 1 2005 10

10 1-3 1880 1913 339 1923 628 1931 1942 412 1951 10 1-4 1995 10 1990 11

1995 31 2 2 IPP 1995 0% PPS 2000kW 2000 26% 2004 500kW 40% 2005 50kW 63% HP http://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/denkihp/genjo/genjo/hani-kakudai.pdf 12

IPP1995 PPS2000 PPS 2005 IPP 1995 1 1995 IPP 10 10 HP 1995 13

5 IPP 6 IPP 1996 1999 196 740 kw PPS 2000 2 2000 IPP IPP PPS 10 10 HP 5 6 Independent Power Producer 14

2000 PPS 7 PPS 2000kW 10 PPS PPS PPS PPS 2005 2004 2000 2000kW 500kW 2005 50kW 63 PPS JEPX 8 7 Power Producer and Supplier 8 Japan Electric Power exchange 15

16

1995 2000 2-1PPS 2-1-1PPS PPS 3 17

2154 1252 910 87 4 9 18 9 18

5 18 PPS 10 PPS PPS PPS PPS 100PPS 10 19

2-1-2 11 6 18 10 11 2003 pp.2 20

7 18 10~20 12 12 21

8 18 2530 10 PPS PPS 22

2-2 2-1 2-2-1 9 HP 12 2-1 PPS PPS 23

10 10 13 10.0 16 9.0 PPS 13 24

2-2-2 11 IEA Energy Prices & Taxes 12 14 14 2004 25

IEA Energy Prices & Taxes 11 12 1995 2004 2000 1999 15 2-3 13 15 1990 1999 2000 26

13 kwh 12 18.04 /kwh 16 16.21 /kwh 1.83 /kwh 12 47.1%0.59 /kwh17.80.59 /kwh 19.10.39/kWh 14 14 12 27

10 15 15 12 12 28

29

3-1 3-1-1 1995 16 16 2004 30

17 3-1-2 2000 PPS 17 31

* * 32

ISOIndependent System Operator 18 18 33

19 ISO ISO ISO ISO 19 34

3-2 3-2-1 3-2-2 1995 2005 50W 35

20 36

37

4-1 1996 FERC 1999 RTO 2000 2000 8 5 12 10 4-2 1996 EU 38

EU EU 2333 EU 4-2-1 1998 39

1995 2005 1935 1935 EU 100 1996 EU EU 15 14 1998 1998 2000 27.3 50 1998 2000 8.5 27.3 3.7 40

35 1998 2000 38 2004 20 1998 20 4-2-2 21 1998 20 90 21 2005 41

2000 2000 2002 1998 10% 2002 2% 16 17 42

22 16 17 22 2005 43

5 44

5 5-1 5-1-1 1993 2003 1993 10 5000 2003 1000 5-1-2 45

5-2 5-2-1 2003 5-2-2 2006 46

20062006 q 18 10 10 1993 2005 1.5 18 10 ------------------ 47

05 4970 08 04 93 03 19 10 93 4.9 10003 1.8 36 93 15.3 55.7 93 10 93 10 48

49

50

6-1 6-1-1 PPS 6-1-2 51

6-1-3 20 10 kwh 2007 10 2006 2015 9430 kwh 2007 9559kWh 129 kwh 2005 2006 GDP GDP 52

21 GDP 91 92 GDP 2.2 92 3.1 GDP 91 10 10 GDP 53

91 92 GDP 3.8 10 10 10 91 93 18 21 GDP GDP GDP 6-1-4 10 54

22 22 6-2 10 GDP 55

56

2005NTT 2006 43,,pp.143-166 2006 43,,pp.263-281 20052005 pp.28-36 2004 2007 OECD/IEA2002 2004 2006 57, 2005 1992 2007 2000 2003 Q&A 2003 2003 2004 2003 57

2003 57, 2004 2007 2001 2004 2005 2006 20062007 200820052006 URL HP http://www.meti.go.jp/ HP http://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/ HP http://www.fepc.or.jp/ http://www.vdn-berlin.de?[enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room]2005 58

59

60

2009 14 61