北東アジア石油市場自由化の進展とその影響に関する調査¨

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1 PPS EU EU 1996 EU kwh EU 2003 EU 2007 EU 2001 FERC FERC FERC ISO Independent System Operator RTORegional Transmission Organization

2 PJM ISO 2002 SMD DC FERC 2-1 EU 1996 EU EU EU EU RTO RTO EU RTO PJM ISOMidwest ISO EU Wholesale Power Market Platform White Paper 2003 EU Electricity directive 2003/54/EC Regulation 1228/2003

3 2-2 LMP 1 RTO 2 3 4/11 4/12 1 LMPLocational Marginal Pricing PJM Interconnection EU Tariff Consolidated Edison Commonwealth Edison (Exelon) TXU Energy (Texas Utilities) London Electricity (LE Group) PowerGen (E.on) RWE EDF

4 V 200V 6,000V 6,000V 2 V 30A 150kW 1,000kW 4,000kW 3,480kWh 39.6 kwh 400 kwh 1,600 kwh RWE Consolidated Edison TXU 6 EDF EDF /kwh /kwh EDF RWE PG LE ConEdComEd TXU EDF RWE PG LE ConEdComEd TXU /kwh /kwh EDF RWE PG LE ConEdComEd TXU EDF RWE PG LE ConEdComEd TXU 30A 150kW 1,000kW 4,000kW

5 EDF RWE PG ( LE ConEd NY) ComEd IL) TXU (TX) EDF RWE PGPowerGen (E.on) LELondon Electricity (LE Group) ConEd Consolidated Edison ComEdCommonwealth Edison (Exelon) TXU 2 EDF % /kwh /1,000kWh EIAhttp:// Eurostat meref&open=/sirene/es_indic/es_33a&language=en&product=eu_master_energy&root=eu_master_energy& scrollto=0

6 /1,000kcal /kwh % % LNG % 10.6% 9.3% /kwh /kwh 17.0% /MWh /MWh 7.7% /kwh 7.98 /kwh 0.1% /kwh /kwh 30.2% /kwh /kwh 10.9% /kwh 7.50 /kwh 1.5% /kwh 7.76 /kwh 4.5% /kwh 54.8 /kwh 40.9% /MWh 83.8 /MWh 24.1% /MWh 87.2 /MWh 17.7% /MWh /MWh 0.9% /MWh 89.0 /MWh 4.1% /kwh /kwh 14.9% 1997 EIA DTI 3,300kWh Eurostat PECO

7 % MWh ComEd % SOS % MW SOS 3.1% 42.4% % MWh SOS 2.7% DS 39.3% % BGS 0.05% 1.87% % MWh Backout Credit 7.2% 45.1% % MWh SOS SOS 18.7% 28.8% 18.9% Allegheny 0.1% MW Market Share Threshold MST Duquesne 33.7% PECO 15.7% Penn Power 0.3% PPL 1.6% % MWh 40% % price-to-beat % website 2-4 PECO MW 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% CDS 25 New Power MST MST 20% 10% 0% 99/4 99/10 00/4 00/10 01/4 01/10 02/4 02/10 03/04 03/10 04/04 04/10 05/04 STMarket Share Threshold Program 20% PECO Energy % CDSCompetitive Default Service 20% 25 New Power Pennsylvania Office of Consumer Advocate Pennsylvania Electric Shopping Statistics

8 2-8 EU EU 2-5 PPS 2.30% / DSO % % 7% 3% 1% % 2% 35% 8% 19% 19% % <10% >50% 22% 5% 5% % n.k. >50% 16% n.k. 4% % 25% 22% n.k % 9% 35% n.k. 6% n.k % 20% 0% 0% % 0% >50% 6% 1% 1% % 12% 30% n.k % n.k. 15% n.k % 0% 10% n.k. 35% n.k % 18% 30% 7% 1% 1% % 33% 9% 5% 0% 0% % 8% >50% 5% n.k. 10% % 39% >50% n.k. >50% 22% % 50% >50% 15% >50% 19% % 2% 0% 0% ? 3% 0% 0% % 0% 17% 17% %(1) 0% 10% 7% 4% n.k % 17% n.k. n.k % n.k. 10% 3% % 28% 24% 19% % 97% 10% 10% % 20% 0% 0% %(1) 0% 0% 0% %(1) 0% Annual Report on the Implementation of the Gas and Electricity Internal Market TECHNICAL ANNEXES

9 2-5 PPS 100kWh PPS 500kW 3.5% 3.19% 3.0% 2.5% 2.30% 2.0% 1.5% /04 00/10 01/04 01/10 02/04 02/10 03/04 03/10 04/04 04/10 1.0% 0.79% 0.5% 0.53% 0.0% NERCNorth American Electric Reliability Council Reliability Standards UCTEUnion for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity Operation Handbook ESCJElectric Power System Council of Japan FERC NERC 2-6 NERC NERC RTORegional Transmission Organization FERC 2003 NERC

10 EU UCTE UCTE UCTE 2-7

11 PPS NERC UCTE NERC UCTE 10 NERC2004 Long-Term Reliability Assessment Summer Assessment /2005 Winter Assessment UCTEUCTE System Adequacy Forecast NERC 1999

12 NERC NERC UCTE NERC 2004 Long-Term Reliability Assessment

13 PPS 2.30%

14 ,492kW 20105,014 kw 20305,798kW kw ,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30, % 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% kw % 3-2

15 PPS 30 PPS PPS 2003 EU CO2 CO

16 PPS PPS report@tky.ieej.or.jp

IEEJ

IEEJ 1. 2000 3 1999 1 2000 1 2000 1 2. 2.1. DC 6 1200 1998 7 1 2001 2 11 34 13 58 9 2-1 PUC 1999 1 2000 1 1998 6.74 /kwh 7.86 /kwh 2-1 ( )EIA http://www.eia.doe.gov/ 2-2 1 Interconnection L.L.C 2 2-32-42-5