Laboratory diagnosis of imported mycoses : how to safely execute laboratory examinations Hideyo YAMAGUCHI 5 1 6 1 1976 7 019-0395 359 Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology (TIMM) (359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo)
1986 8 coccidioidomycosis histoplasmosisparacoccidioidomycosisblastomycosis 4 penicillosis marneffei 5 endemic mycoses Endemic mycoses endemic mycoses 5 reservoir 1
Coccidioides spp. a Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum b Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii c Histoplasma farciminosum d Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Penicillium marneffei Blastomyces dermatitidis 1 4 1 4 a C. immitis C. posadasii b c dh. capsulatum var. farciminosum 4 6 3 1
9 10 11 1 1997 007 10 3,436 10 9 1 1 4 HIV AIDS 90.1. 1 4 Medline http:www.pf.chibau.ac.jpyunyushinkinsyou-kanjya.html 1990 00 1995 1 AIDS
1 5 0 1950 H. capsulatum var. capsulatum00 H. capsulatum var. duboisii H. capsulatum var. farciminosum H. farciminosum 13 H. farciminosum H. capsulatum var. capsulatum 14 15, 16 0 1995 1999
5 118 8 17 dimorphism dimorphic fungus 5 30 37 Coccidioides spp. 37 Coccidioides immitis 1 18 189 Alejandro Posadas Coccidioides posadasii C. immitis Coccidioides spp. C. immitis C. posadasii PCR 19 1 PCR, 3 1 Coccidioides spp. H. capsulatum biohazard laboratory infection
biosafety biosafety level ; BSL BSL 1976 Pike 4 9 5 3 1990 C. immitis108 H. capsulatum81 Sporothrix schenckii13 B. dermatitidis1 P. marneffei 5, 6 S. schenckii 7 BSL 8 C. immitis 3b 3a BSL 3 C. immitis Coccidioides immitis 1 Blastomyces dermatitidis Histoplasma capsulatum Histoplasma farciminosum Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Penicillium marneffei Cryptococcus neoformans 3 Sporothrix schenckii Cladosporium carrionii 4 Cladosporium trichoides 4 C. bantianum Fonsecaea pedrosoi 4 Aspergillus fumigatus Candida albicans Exophiala dermatitidis 4 Microsporum canis 5 Trichophyton mentagrophytes 5 Trichophyton rubrum 5 3b 3a 3a c 3a 3a b b b b b a a a a a a BSL b 3 3 3 3 3 3 a 1ab3a3b 5 bbsl 4 134 BSL 3 c 1 Coccidioides posadasii H. capsulatum var. capsulatum H. capsulatum var. duboisii 3 C. neoformans var. neoformans C. neoformans var. gattii 4 5
C. immitis 1 10 9 H. capsulatum 30 BSL BSL 3 ASM 5 1 BSL BSL 3 BSL 3 31 33 1 C. immitis 34 David Stevens 35 X AIDS
BAL BAL BAL 3 1 DNA PCR PCR Coccidioides spp. 19 3 Coccidioides spp. H. capsulatum Coccidioides spp. H. capsulatum BSL AB BAL KOH
Y PAS Coccidioides spp. Coccidioides spp. Coccidioides spp. 70 36 AIDS Coccidioides spp. Coccidioides spp. PAS Gridley 400 3 4 H. capsulatum P. brasiliensis 400 Gridley 400 5 6 P. marneffei B. dermatitidis Brauer Dr. Scott Nelson, Department of Pamoxogy, UCLA, USA 400 BHI 1 SDAPDA 1 5 30 Coccidioides spp. a 4mm 0 60m Candida spp. C. glabratacr. neoformans, Prototheca spp. Histoplasma capsulatum Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Penicillium marneffei Blastomyces dermatitidis ac. immitis C. posadasii 4m 15 30mm 10m pilot s wheel 3 6m 8m 8 15m Coccidioides spp. P. marneffei C. glabrata, Cr. neoformans, Toxoplasma gondii H. capsulatum
H. capsulatum P. brasiliensis 4 5 30 P. marneffei PDA P. citrinum, P. purpurogenum, P. rubrum Penicillium spp. P. marneffei Coccidioides spp. 1 BHI BHI 37Coccidioides spp.p. marneffei 3 1Coccidioides spp. Histoplasma capsulatum SDA714 1Coccidioides spp. Histoplasma capsulatumsda71 3Paracoccidioides brasiliensis SDA718 4Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 1 37 7 3Paracoccidioides brasiliensissda718 43 5Penicillium marneffei 6Blastomyces dermatitidis 5Penicillium marneffeipda74 6Blastomyces dermatitidissda71 PDA75 SDA718 4
P. brasiliensis 3 37 4 10 704 48 DNA DNA Coccidioides spp. Converse YNB 37 CO 5 037 40 5 30 37 5 30 37 Coccidioides spp. 1 5 30 43 6m Histoplasma capsulatum Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Penicillium marneffei Blastomyces dermatitidis 5m 8 16m 3 10m PDA Penicillium 3m 10m 4m 3 10m 3m 5 30m
1 DNA RNA ITS DNA DNA PCR nested PCR PCR DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA PCR DNA direct sequencing A Coccidioides spp. Coccidioides spp. H. capsulatum 1 1 Anaissie EJ, McGinnis MR, Pfaller MAed: Clinical Mycology, Churchill Livingstone, New YorkEdinburgh London Philadelphia, 003. 006 006. 3 007. 4 4 007. 5 Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, et aled: Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 9th ed, ASM Press, Washington, DC, 007. 6 008. 7. : 1-16, 198. 8 p.96-106, 1986. 9 Coccidioidomycosis 1. : 968-973, 1984.
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