53 5 257 23 40 2011. 12 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 2 Hoian 1 1999 23
3 4 5 lieux de mémoire 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 1 13 14 15 16 2 1 17 18 19 1887 1883 1941 7 24
1942 20 1928 10 1 40,464 234 5,908 21 22 1868 1945 23 112 1 3 1 2 3 1886 24 25
190319 39 26 1 1915 50 56 6 1 1915 62 68 1916 7 1 1916 96 101 1919 1922 1 1923 1 27 1 5 1927 52 1 1928 83 85 19283 38 40 1 1929 103 108 1929 4 1929 1929 41929 1929 7 31 2 2 1930 56 4 1930 249 265 1931 1931 2 1932 445 1934 10 16 2 1935 15 139 2 5 1939 50 54 24 1940 2 9 1940 92 101 19 2 1940 47 71 2 11 1940 57 63 8 12 1940 86 106 7 194061 164 1940 1940 1940 1940589 2 8 1940 38 58 26 9 1940 47 52 1941 1941 1941 4 4 1941 3 13 () 1941 1941 1941 45 7 1941 42 46 1941 1941 1 26 1941 1941 ( 3)1941 1941 1 1941 1941 10 6 1941 886 891 1941 11941 37 67 1941181 207 3 1941 1942 1942 194255 71 1942 1942 J.E.Connaissance de L Indochine 19426 29 1942 1942 1 3 1942 6 1415 23 1942 1942 45 18 1942 34 36 8 7 1942 679 715 1942 10 17 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1 4 1942 147 175 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 1942 5 20 19431935 1943 1943 18 1943 21943 1943 1943 8 3 1943 40 48 194349 86 1943 1943 1943 1944153 266 1944 1944 1944 4 1945 1868 1945 1 1 26
1887 25 26 27 28 29 1610 72 1896 30 1901 31 1897 32 1904 33 1903 34 35 1 1 1911 1 2 2 19161921 36 37 1915 38 39 27
1889 40 41 1915 1916 42 1906 07 43 1909 44 1922 45 1927 46 1935 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 28
55 2 1935 56 10 20 188518901910 191710193640 57 3 58 2 59 10 20 60 1912 1913 1926 1927 35 1936 41 1942 45 1 7 16 33 55 34 181 226 334 1 29
61 62 63 1927 35 64 65 10 1936 3 1940 101936 66 1936 2 1936 2 2 67 1877 68 69 1897 70 1911 71 72 1910 73 1928 74 30
75 76 1896 1905 77 1909 78 1902 3 1934 1 79 1935 1935 80 81 82 1938, 83 84 85 1935 86 87 31
1936 88 1936 89 6 90 91 92 93 94 1930 1915 95 96 97 1938 98 32
99 100 101 Japanvietel 102 103 104 105 106 1945 2 1936 1 3 107 1927 3 33
1928 108 109 110 111 2 3 1936 112 113 34
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16 1 1978 5 31 30 1 1983 1 53 61 1 1910 1 5 62 63 1919 6456 168 65 1935 47 6656 161 67 68 14 1 1982353 354 1878 7 28 6924 221 224 70 71 2 1 1911 16 721915 125 126 73 1910 74 1929 75 1929 76 1928 11 5 77 1941 48 49 78 42 75 44 79 1 1912 69 80 1920 162 163 8124 64 82 4 1929 156 83 1938 66 84 1941 25 26 85 1942 5 20 86 1942 1942 8732 79 8856 188 898 12 1940 86 106 1945 90 2 19021936 91 179 194172 76 92 1943 86 93 1 5 1927 116 38
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The Japanese Settlement in Hoian as a Memorial Spot of Modern Japan OHIRA Teruhisa This paper focuses on the relationship between Japan and Hoian in the modern ages, namely, from the Meiji Restoration (1868) to the end of the Pacific War (1945). Hoian is a port in central Vietnam, which housed a Japanese settlement (Nihonmachi) in the 16th-17th Centuries accompanied with the vermilion-seal certificate trade. Japan had advanced southward (to Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean) in modern ages. The history of the relationship between Japan and Hoian was introduced by a wealth of publications on Japan, and many Japanese visited Hoian at that time. However, such relations between them in modern times are hardly referred to today. In this paper, I regard Hoian as a memorial place, namely, a place which played a role in the recomposition of the past in modern Japan. The memorial place is an influential concept by the French historian, Nora. It means something on which collective memories are based as well as a spatial place concerned with human geography. Regarding a location as a memorial place means emphasizing that the construction of the place is an issue of identity, and implying that the place and memory are mutually inter-dependent. To clarify Hoian as a memorial place in modern Japan, I examined how Hoian was described in Japan. In other words, I collected 112 publications on Hoian published in Japan from 1868-1945 and viewed them. The results are the following three points: 1) As for Hoian s Imagined Geography, namely, representations of the memorial place, the transformation can be distilled, namely, the early representation of Hoian as a nostalgic place for Japanese, and the post-1936 representation of Hoian as a resource for justifying the Japanese advancement Southward and the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere. Moreover, they clarify that the formation of the Hoian s imagined geography was strongly related to the exceptional view on Kadoya Shichirobe, who was a leader of the Japanese settlement of Hoian in the 17th century, and that the transformation of Hoian s imagined geography is almost parallel to that of the view on Kadoya Shichirobe, namely, from local to national hero corresponding to the real politics. In addition, the Japanese-imagined geography of Hoian has influenced the present Hoian itself through the repair of Japanese graveyards to make them historical monuments (1928) and tourist resources reflecting the memory of Japan in recent years. 2) As for the representational strategy used for the Japanese advancement southward, it is shown that the idolization of the anticipators occurred to Kadoya Shichirobe, Hoian, after 1936. Besides it is also shown that not only idolized persons but also the place or Hoian was used as a resource symbolizing the advancement southward and the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere. 3) On the memorial place in general, it is proposed from the case of Hoian that the memorial place was fixed while the imagined geography had been transformed. The strategy promoting the legitimacy of representation by using an established memorial place, and the flexibility of the memorial place subsuming various representations can be pointed out. Moreover, the complicity of the nation and locality can be found in the construction of the imagined geography. Kadoya Shichirobe was established as a local hero with notice of the national academic community of history. In addition to such national influence on the locality, it can be pointed out that the narrative of the nation was initially transformed in local publications. That is, comparing Kadoya Shichirobe with Yamada Nagamasa, the Japanese attained an exalted status from a condottiere in Thailand in the 17th century, and relating Kadoya Shichirobe and Hoian to the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere, which was first done in Shichirobe s country or by natives of there. Key words: memorial place, Japanese settlement (Nihonmachi), modern ages, Vietnam, Hoian 40