44 2012 2013 3 287 302 地 方 留 学 の 利 点 と 課 題

289 地 方 留 学 の 利 点 と 課 題 2010 Rofe & Macintyre 2007 教 育 の 市 場 化 主 な 目 的 外 貨 人 材 獲 得 獲 得 国 際 化 主 な 活 動 内 容 自 治 体 と 大 学 の 協 働 度 合 い 留 学 生 獲 得 の 優 位 性 オースト ラリア 大 都 市 圏 地 方 大 都 市 圏 留 学 生 獲 得 日 本 経 済 活 動 の 活 発 な 地 方 都 市 就 職 支 援 生 活 支 援 地 域 交 流 政 府 による 支 援 それ 以 外 の 地 方 都 市 観 光 県 産 品 輸 出 促 進 2012 6 20115

290 44 2012 2011 1 2001 1 2 3 2 3 3 4 2010 4,198 351 202 141,774 2003 2010 1.80 2.68 0.93 1.29 2010 0.35 0.03 0.03 0.11 2010 0.74 0.31 0.61 1.29 2010 26.5 29.5 26.1 22.8 2010 120 109 59 1 2809 2005 2010-1.1-5.2-3.0 0.2 2008 4.47 0.89 3.66 0.72 1.99 0.39 2011 2010 505 1 33 65

2012 291 29.5 2010 APU 4,198 0.35 6 2003 2010 2.68351 0.03 0.31 2 8.6 13.4 2010 202 32003 7 0.03 0.615 19 2010 3 1979-1999 2000APU APU 50 50 50 3 2 APU 1998 118 2009 3,384 29 12.7 2.7 1 14 APU 2003 2004 NPO APU 8 6

292 44 2010 APU APU 212 1,358 APU 6,862 20 24 1,167 85 APU 77 APU APU 2 95 20 100 130 APU 2011 2 2003 2 2010 52 2011 2 1120 2012 1 1998 1997-2009 2001 2002 2004 AIU AIU AIU 172 2012 AIU 4 2000 2009 1 AIU 10 2009 4 53 2012 3 2011 4 4 1 2013 450 AIU AIU 4

2012 293 AIU DE 2010 3 4 2012 4 180 9 2005 2008 COE 2008 6 2012 2011 4 2 2011 12 AIU 2012 22012 9 2

294 44 AIU 4 2 1 AIU 2012 9 2011 12 2012 3 2012 2 11 7 4 APU2 5 4 9 1 1 6 5 4 36 6 60 7 64 2 18 3 30 4 40 10 91 5 50 10 2 * APU9 1 4 3 3 2 5 2 1 11 8 80 5 50 3 30 0 3 34 6 3 ** 12 6 6 4 1 1 2 5 6 11 4 1 2 5 1 3 2 2 1 1 2 3 5 3 2 9 4 1 2011 11 2012 9 1 2 3 * 1 4 ** 2 1 3 3 3 3 100 3 100 3 100 25 2 4 6 25 3 26 76% 30 88 21 62 2 20 5 50 8 89 8 1 2 1 6 5 6 9 75 4 36 2 17 1 2 1 3 1 25 0 1 25 0 0 0 3 100 11 32 18 55 6 50 6 50 9 75 1 33 2 50 3 75

2012 295 AIU 4 2009 AIU 2009 279 2010 286 2010 AIU 163 2012 1.8 62 Many foreign students could not be matched with a Japanese family because there were not enough families in Akita willing to participate in the programs 1 60 80 3 AIU 3 5 18 30 3 3 9 5 1 3 1 2 2 3 1 2

296 44 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 APU 3 27 22 11 30 20 APU

2012 297 It had positive impression. Good view. I feel good because I like countryside. Quiet, clean, small. It was a quiet and beautiful city, but the first life made me feel a little depressed. 23 39 269 5 45.5 1 9.1 7 87.5 1 12.5 12 APU They are very kind and cooperative. They are very kind. They were very enthusiastic.

298 44 They were not only interested in cultural exchange but also loved learning. People in Oita are really jolly and wanted to talk to International students. They are very nice with international students and always show interest in knowing more about other countries cultures. They are very nice, friendly and kind. Even though they cannot speak English at all, but they always smile and try to understand and help us. I have only good experience with them. Oita prefecture people are more flexible and more open towards International students or foreigners. The people here are kind to Gaijin. I attended a volunteer Japanese class at Beppu Tourism Center and it s very helpful. Most of the people I have met in Oita were very nice people who were very interested in knowing more about what life outside Japan is and they are very supportive towards international students who are studying away from their hometowns. 20 10 6 6 19 6 19 18 AIU AIU

2012 299 AIU 72 69 63 60 53 47 2 4 63 3 3

300 44 85 APU 3 APU 2 2 1120 APU AIU 30 2012 D10-R-0470

2012 301 2010 APU 10 2011 http://www.pref.oita.jp/soshiki/10140/senryaku.html 2012 9 19 2012 2010http:// www.aiu.ac.jp/japanese/university/university02.html 2012 9 19 2011 43 131-153 2012 2012 6 http://www.jasso.go.jp/about/webmagazine201206.html 2010 2007 1-264 2010http:// www.stat.go.jp/data/ssds/5.htm 2012 9 19 2012 17 2008http://www.pref.tottori.lg.jp/dd.aspx?menuid=96137 2012 9 19 2011 22 http://www.jasso.go.jp/ statistics/intl_student/data10.html 2012 9 19 2001 5 117 2010 http:// www.moj.go.jp/housei/toukei/toukei_ichiran_touroku.html 2012 9 19 2011 22 http://www.moj. go.jp/content/000077277.pdf 2012 9 19 Rofe, M. & Macintyre, C., (2007). Educational Markets as Urban Development Generators: Intersection of Governance, International Students and Local Communities in Adelaide, South Australia. Refereed proceedings of the 3 rd State of Australian Cities Conference, 397-406.

302 44 The Costs and Benefits of Studying in Rural Cities in Japan: Results of a Survey of International Students in Oita, Akita and Tottori Yuriko SATO In this article, the exchange between the local residents and international students and the latter s perception of the region and local people were analyzed based on an online survey of international students in Oita, Akita and Tottori prefectures where the population is decreasing and the ratio of residents above 65 years old is more than 26%. In Oita and Akita, the prefectural governments supported the establishment of the international universities and the number of international students has increased sharply. In Tottori, a national university has adopted an internationalization strategy and accepts about 90% of the international students in the prefecture. The number of international students in Tottori has, however, declined 7% in the past six years. The results of the survey show that the percentage of the international students who participate in the exchange with pupils/students in local schools and home stay/visit activities is higher in Oita and Akita than in Tottori, partly because the prefectural governments have promoted the exchange between the local residents and the international students. Still the percentage of the international students who participate in these exchange activities in Tottori is higher than that of the universities in the metropolitan areas. Most of the international students who study in these prefectures have affinity and gratitude towards the local residents partly because of the frequency of and satisfaction with the exchange with the local people. Though many of them find the local life rather inconvenient and dull, they also find merits in studying in these prefectures, such as inexpensive living cost, natural- beauty, kind people and a quiet environment. Considering the important role of international students in the internationalization of education and rural regions, and the disadvantage of the rural universities in attracting international students, it will be necessary to consider a system to evaluate and support the efforts of rural universities in promoting the acceptance of international students and the exchange between them and rural communities. Associate Professor, International Student Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology