Title 人 生 における 目 的 尺 度 作 成 とその 規 定 因 の 検 討 Author(s) 中 原, 純 Citation 生 老 病 死 の 行 動 科 学. 13 P.45-P.52 Issue 2008 Date Text Version publisher URL http://doi.org/10.18910/12416 DOI 10.18910/12416 Rights Osaka University
Development of the Japanese version of the Purpose in Life scale and an investigation of its factors. Abstract This study aims to develop the Japanese version of the Purpose in Life (PIL) scale, and to find out its factors. Japanese PIL was back-translated by sociologist who was a native speaker of English. A mailing survey was conducted for randomly selected people between 65 and 74 years of age (n=590). The result from a set of analyses couldn t indicate that Japanese version of the PIL was validated in Japanese young-old except 1 item (future orientation). So, analyzing in order to find out factors of Future Orientation, the result indicated that subjective health, academic career and subjective economical were positively related with Future Orientation. Key word: Psychological well-being, Purpose in life, Future orientation, Young-old well-being psychological wellbeing LSI Life Satisfaction Index; Neugarten, Havighutst, & Tobin, 1961 PGC Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale; Lawton, 1975 STAI State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970; Spielberger, 1983 PANAS Positive and Negative Affect Scales; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988 POMS Profile of Mood States; McNair, Lorr, & Droppleman, 1992 CES-D Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; Radloff, 1977 Successful Aging 2003 well-being well-being wellbeing subjective well-being well-being psychological well-being Ryff 1989
well-being well-being Ryff 1989 well-being Personal Growth Purpose in LifeAutonomy Environmental Mastery Self-Acceptance Positive Relationships with Others 6 Ryff & Keyes 1995 2000 Ryff 1989 Ryff & Keyes 1995 2000 55 65 55 65 Greenfield & Marks 2004 Ryff 1989 Ryff & Keyes 1995 well-being Ryff & Keyes 1995 3 20 3 3 20 r >.70 Ryff & Keyes, 1995 Purpose in Life 1980 QOL 2003 1 A B
2008 1 1 65 74 1,700 592 2 590 69.60 2.60 2008 2 well-being 1 3 20 Ryff, 1989 Ryff & Keyes 1995 3 Table 1 1 6 6 PIL1 PIL3 PIL2 PIL1; PIL2; PIL3; (I live life one day at a time and don't really think about the future.) (Some people wander aimlessly through life, but I am not one of them.) (I sometimes feel as if I've done all there is to do in life.) 1 Rosenberg 1956 10 1982 LSI-k 1989 19708 2
2007 n(%) 0 290 (49.15) 1 293 (49.66) 7 (1.19) 1 20 (3.39) 2 110 (18.64) 3 64 (10.85) 4 351 (59.49) 5 38 (6.44) 7 (1.19) 1 170 (28.81) 2 307 (52.03) 3 97 (16.44) 4 2 (.34) 5 4 (.68) 10 (1.69) 1 52 (8.81) 2 170 (28.81) 3 269 (45.59) 4 81 (13.73) 5 8 (1.36) 10 (1.69) 3 Table 3 1 1 1 43.04 2 73.76 PIL3 3 PIL3 Ryff & Keyes 1995 α -.21 PIL3 α.33
PIL3; PIL2; PIL1; h 2.42.22 3.25 1.28.45.20 3.56 1.66 -.23.05 2.87 1.46 1.29 43.04 1 3 Table 4 PIL1 2000 Ryff, 1989; Ryff & Keyes, 1995; Keyes, Shmotkin, & Ryff, 2002 PIL2 PIL3 PIL1 PIL2 PIL3 -.29.11.33 -.27.04.37 p.05, p.01 PIL1 PIL1 0 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 3 5 Table 5
0.05.09.16.04 -.08 -.11 -.03 -.16 -.23 -.10 -.13 -.11 -.14 R 2.08.12.04 p.10, p.05, p.01 3 1 3 α 3 α α.36 University of Wisconsin, & Institute on Aging, 2004 Ryff & Keyes 1995 3 20 r >.70 20 3 3 1 Ryff, 1989; Ryff & Keyes, 1995; Keyes et al., 2002 PIL1 PIL2 PIL3 1 PIL3 PIL2
Ryff, 1989; Ryff & Keyes, 1995; Keyes et al., 2002 Ryff 1989 Ryff 1989 well-being 2000 2007 well-being Ryff, 1989; Ryff & Keyes, 1995 Ryff 1989 2000 Ryff & Keyes 1995 PIL1 Ryff 1989 well-being Greenfield, E. A., & Marks, N. F. 2004 Formal volunteering as a prospective factor for older adults psychological well-being. Journal of Gerontology: SOCIAL SCIENCES, 59B, S258-S264. 1980 Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. 2002 Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 1007-1022. 2003 Pp.141-153 1989 11 99-115 Lawton, M. P. 1975 The Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale: A revision. Journal of Gerontology, 30, 85-89. McNair, D. M., Lorr, M., & Droppleman, L. F. 1992 Profile of Mood States. Educational and Industrial Testing Service, San Diego. 2007 29(1) 30-36
Neugarten, B. L., Havighutst, R. J., & Tobin, S. S. 1961 The measurement of life satisfaction. Journal of Gerontology, 16, 134-143. 2000 well-being 48 433-443 2007 QOL Pp.132-139 Radloff, L. S. 1977 The CES-D scales: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-405. Rosenberg, M. 1965 Society and the adolescent self-image. Prinston University Press. Ryff, C. D. 1989 Happiness is everything, or is it? Exploration on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069-1081. Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. 1995 The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 719-727. 2003 Spielberger, C. D. 1983 Manual for State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, California. Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. 1970 Manual for State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(Self-Evaluatin Questionnaire). Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, California. University of Wisconsin, & Institute on Aging. 2004 Documentation of Scales in MIDUS1. http://www.midus.wisc.edu/midus1/documentationofscales.pdf 2008.7.13 Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. 1988 Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070. 1982 30 64-68