BOD COD GNHC GNH MOA MOEA MOE MOF MOFA MOH MOHCA MOIC MOLHR MOWHS NEC TCB m 3 /d T-N T-P Biochemical Oxygen Demand Chemical Oxygen Demand Gross National Happiness Commission Gross National Happiness Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Economic Affairs Ministry of Education Ministry of Finance Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Health Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs Ministry of Information and Communications Ministry of Labour and Human Resources Ministry of Works and Human Settlement National Environment Commission Tourism Concil of Bhutan Cubic meter per day Total Nitrogen Total Phosphorus

1.

ODA ODA C/P

1. Waste Stabilization Ponds

4 1993 1996 12,500 1,750m 3 BOD50mg/l 30 mg/l BOD50 mg/l 1996 September 2010

1.95 7 DPPDZONGKHAG POPULATION PROJECTIONS 2006-2015 2030 5

1.95 25,000 NEC ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS(NEC:November2010).BOD.TSS.Fecal Coliform mg/l

２ 表２ 一律排水基準 環境省 HP より 9

ODA 1964 2006 2006

土壌浄化法は 二次公害が発生しないために小規模下水道を可能にする技術である 沈殿分離槽 流入下水を固液分離するための槽 被覆土壌により臭気対策を行い汚泥を長期間貯留できる 接触酸化槽 汚水を浄化するために空気を送って微生物の力で汚水を浄化する槽 被覆土壌により二次公害の発 生が防止されている 12

断面図平面図断面図

National Environment Commission 4

Motithang Higher Secondary School,,

1 T-1 T-2 T-3 T-4 K0104 30cm 5

ph NH4 PO4 COD NH4 + NH4 + N PO4 3- PO4 3- P Chemical Oxygen Demand

2 Motithang Higher Secondary School

3 MOWHS MOH MOH MOWHS MOH MOH 14 9 77

50,000Nu 90,000Nu 200,000Nu

27g 18g 55 1 8.18g 27g+8g 35 27g 18g 97 2 1.41g

27g 18g 9095 4 3.43g 27g 18g 85 3 6.87g

ODA

1 2 ODA

1 2 551 2011 17 7400 25 25 1 BOD 50 25 + 1 3 551 6

4 BOD 50 BOD 97 5 10M/M 6 School Planning & Building Division Department of School Education Ministry of Education 7

8 9 6

.

.