Copyright 2004, 2005 GNU ( 1.1 ) GNU Free Documentation License GNU B

L A TEX 2ε 0.3d 2005 3 20 Thor Watanabe Dept. of System Infromation Science Future University-Hakodate thor@tex.dante.jp (hakodate12@hotmail.com) http://tex.dante.jp/

L A TEX 2ε CMYK CMYK GreenYellow 0.15, 0, 0.69, 0 RoyalPurple 0.75, 0.90, 0, 0 Yellow 0, 0, 1, 0 BlueViolet 0.86, 0.91, 0, 0.04 Goldenrod 0, 0.10, 0.84, 0 Periwinkle 0.57, 0.55, 0, 0 Dandelion 0, 0.29, 0.84, 0 CadetBlue 0.62, 0.57, 0.23, 0 Apricot 0, 0.32, 0.52, 0 CornflowerBlue 0.65, 0.13, 0, 0 Peach 0, 0.50, 0.70, 0 MidnightBlue 0.98, 0.13, 0, 0.43 Melon 0, 0.46, 0.50, 0 NavyBlue 0.94, 0.54, 0, 0 YellowOrange 0, 0.42, 1, 0 RoyalBlue 1, 0.50, 0, 0 Orange 0, 0.61, 0.87, 0 Blue 1, 1, 0, 0 BurntOrange 0, 0.51, 1, 0 Cerulean 0.94, 0.11, 0, 0 Bittersweet 0, 0.75, 1, 0.24 Cyan 1, 0, 0, 0 RedOrange 0, 0.77, 0.87, 0 ProcessBlue 0.96, 0, 0, 0 Mahogany 0, 0.85, 0.87, 0.35 SkyBlue 0.62, 0, 0.12, 0 Maroon 0, 0.87, 0.68, 0.32 Turquoise 0.85, 0, 0.20, 0 BrickRed 0, 0.89, 0.94, 0.28 TealBlue 0.86, 0, 0.34, 0.02 Red 0, 1, 1, 0 Aquamarine 0.82, 0, 0.30, 0 OrangeRed 0, 1, 0.50, 0 BlueGreen 0.85, 0, 0.33, 0 RubineRed 0, 1, 0.13, 0 Emerald 1, 0, 0.50, 0 WildStrawberry 0, 0.96, 0.39, 0 JungleGreen 0.99, 0, 0.52, 0 Salmon 0, 0.53, 0.38, 0 SeaGreen 0.69, 0, 0.50, 0 CarnationPink 0, 0.63, 0, 0 Green 1, 0, 1, 0 Magenta 0, 1, 0, 0 ForestGreen 0.91, 0, 0.88, 0.12 VioletRed 0, 0.81, 0, 0 PineGreen 0.92, 0, 0.59, 0.25 Rhodamine 0, 0.82, 0, 0 LimeGreen 0.50, 0, 1, 0 Mulberry 0.34, 0.90, 0, 0.02 YellowGreen 0.44, 0, 0.74, 0 RedViolet 0.07, 0.90, 0, 0.34 SpringGreen 0.26, 0, 0.76, 0 Fuchsia 0.47, 0.91, 0, 0.08 OliveGreen 0.64, 0, 0.95, 0.40 Lavender 0, 0.48, 0, 0 RawSienna 0, 0.72, 1, 0.45 Thistle 0.12, 0.59, 0, 0 Sepia 0, 0.83, 1, 0.70 Orchid 0.32, 0.64, 0, 0 Brown 0, 0.81, 1, 0.60 DarkOrchid 0.40, 0.80, 0.20, 0 Tan 0.14, 0.42, 0.56, 0 Purple 0.45, 0.86, 0, 0 Gray 0, 0, 0, 0.50 Plum 0.50, 1, 0, 0 Black 0, 0, 0, 1 Violet 0.79, 0.88, 0, 0 White 0, 0, 0, 0 I color I

L A TEX 2ε a b a N b a M b S y y y q {a, b, y} II PSTricks %\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx,color} %\usepackage{pst-all,pstcol} \begin{textoeps} \begin{math} \rput(0,3.5){\rnode{root}\relax} \cnodeput[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=cyan](1,3){n}{n} \cnodeput[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=magenta](3,3){m}{m} \cnodeput[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=yellow](5,3){s}{s} \cnodeput[doubleline=true,fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=red](3,1){q}{q} \psset{arrows=->,labelsep=3pt} \ncarc{n}{m} \Aput{b} \ncarc{m}{s} \Aput{a} \ncarc{s}{m} \Aput{b} \ncline{n}{q} \Bput{y} \ncline{m}{q} \Aput{y} \ncline{s}{q} \Aput{y} \ncline[doubleline=true]{root}{n} \nccircle{->}{n}{10pt} \Bput{a} \nccircle{->}{m}{10pt} \Bput{b} \nccircle{->}{s}{10pt} \Bput{a} \nccircle[anglea=180]{->}{q}{10pt} \Bput{\{a,b,y\}} \end{math} \end{textoeps} II

L A TEX L A TEX Michel Goossens Sebastian Rahtz Frank Mittelbach Leslie Lamport 1 5,000 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε [28] 3,000 L A TEX [29] 4,800 L A TEX [30] 5,400 L A TEX Web [31] 4,800 4 18,000 Lamport L A TEX Richard Stallman L A TEX A FUNNIST FUNNIST Future Univeristy-Hakodate FUN Tutorial i

L A TEX 2ε Network Information System Future University-Hakodate Network and Information System Tutorial FUNNIST dvips dvips dvips dvips dvips 3.19 dvips 3.21 dvips dvips dvips 3.21.2 dvips ii

L A TEX TEX Donald Knuth L A TEX Leslie Lamport L A TEX 2ε Frank Mittelbach Johannes Braams David Carlisle Michael Downes Alan Jeffery Sebastian Rahtz Chris Rowley Rainer Schöpf TEX Windows ptex dviout BIBTEX Oren Patashnik MakeIndex Pehong Chen Nelson Beebe dvipdfm Mark Wicks Dvipdfmx Cho Jin-Hwan PostScript PDF Adobe TEX iii

L A TEX 2ε 2004 4 2 0.1 0.2 2004 8 5 2004 8 19 0.3 http://tex.dante.jp/ thor@tex.dante.jp iv

Perl Perl? O Reilly Associates O Reilly ( ) GNU GNU O Reilly Associates ( GNU ) GNU O Reilly GNU Perl v

L A TEX 2ε ( ) OK (GNU )? vi

L A TEX 2ε Free Software Foundation Free Software Foundation (HP ) Richard Stallman *1 GNU Free Software Foundation FSF *2 http://www.gnu.org/ FSF *1 mhatta@gnu.org *2 gnu@gnu.org viii

i iii v 1 1 1.1............................ 1 1.2 TEX................................. 1 1.3 WYSIWYG............................. 2 1.4............................... 2 1.5 L A TEX................................ 2 1.6................................. 3 1.7.............................. 3 2 L A TEX 5 2.1................................... 5 2.2 L A TEX......................... 16 2.3................................ 17 3 21 3.1................................ 21 3.2...................................... 21 3.3..................................... 23 3.4................................... 24 3.5................................... 26 3.6................................. 27 3.7................................... 29 3.8..................................... 29 3.9...................................... 30 3.10................................... 31 3.11.......................... 31 3.12............................ 34 3.13................................ 34 3.14.................................... 34 3.15............................... 35 ix

L A TEX 2ε 3.16................................. 39 3.17..................................... 41 3.18.................................... 43 3.19................................. 43 3.20................................... 47 3.21.............................. 48 4 53 4.1............................... 53 4.2......................... 53 4.3................... 55 4.4................................... 64 5 65 5.1................................ 65 5.2 DVI PS dvips(k)........................... 67 5.3 DVI PDF............................. 68 5.4 DVI PDF 2............................. 70 5.5 HTML................................ 74 6 79 6.1........................... 79 6.2................................ 79 6.3.......................... 88 6.4............................... 90 6.5.................................... 91 6.6................................ 95 7 99 7.1.................................... 99 7.2................................... 99 7.3................................... 102 7.4........................... 103 7.5............................ 103 7.6................................ 111 7.7.............................. 112 7.8................................ 116 7.9................................... 118 8 125 8.1................................... 125 x

L A TEX 2ε 8.2....................................... 126 8.3....................................... 130 8.4................................... 140 8.5.......................... 146 9 L A TEX 151 9.1....................... 151 9.2............................... 156 9.3............................... 157 9.4.......................... 158 9.5................... 159 9.6.................................... 160 9.7..................................... 161 9.8...................................... 163 9.9.................................... 164 9.10................................... 170 9.11................................... 172 9.12....................... 174 9.13................................... 174 9.14............................... 175 9.15.................................... 175 9.16................................... 176 9.17....................................... 176 9.18........................... 178 9.19 URL.................................. 185 9.20............................ 186 9.21................................ 189 10 197 10.1.............................. 197 10.2.............................. 202 A 209 A.1 L A TEX...................... 209 A.2 L A TEX................................. 212 A.3..................................... 216 A.4................................. 220 B GNU Free Documentation License 223 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS...................... 223 xi

L A TEX 2ε 2. VERBATIM COPYING............................... 224 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY............................. 225 4. MODIFICATIONS................................. 225 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS............................ 226 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS........................ 227 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS................ 227 8. TRANSLATION................................... 227 9. TERMINATION................................... 227 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE.................... 228 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents............. 228 229 235 xii

1 1 L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX 1.1 1 1 L A TEX OpenOffice.org Microsoft Office L A TEX L A TEX 1.2 TEX TEX [47] Donald Knuth TEX 1

1 L A TEX 2ε τ ɛ χ TEX TEX 1.3 WYSIWYG WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get TEX WYSIWYG WYSIWYG WYSIWYG What You See Is all You ve Get TEX 1.4 TEX 1.5 L A TEX TEX Leslie Lamport L A TEX Lamport L A TEX HTML <CENTER> </CENTER> 2

L A TEX 2ε 1.6 <CENTER> </CENTER> L A TEX 1 \begin{center} \end{center} HTML TEX L A TEX TEX TEX/L A TEX TEX L A TEX ptex pl A TEX L A TEX 2.09 L A TEX2.09 L A TEX2.09 L A TEX 2ε L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX3 1.6 Lamport L A TEX 2ε [28] [29 31] L A TEX 2ε [27] [34] Another Manual [35 37] L A TEX L A TEX A 1.7 Leslie Lamport L A TEX A Document Preparation System [28] L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX 150 Michel Goossens L A TEX [29] 2 3

1 L A TEX 2ε L A TEX Michel Goossens L A TEX [30] PostScript L A TEX World Wide Web L A TEX Michel Goossens L A TEX Web [31] 4

2 2 LATEX L A TEX 2.1 2.1.1 L A TEX L A TEX 2.1 1 2 3 2.1 L A TEX DVI L A TEX PDF pdfl A TEX 1. L A TEX Emacs Unix OS emacs filename.tex & Emacs XEmacs 2.1 1 2. latex latex platex 5

2 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε platex filename.tex 2.1 2 3. filename.tex filename.dvi L A TEX Unix OS xdvi filename.dvi & & dviout Windows 2.1 3 2.1.2 L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX Emacs hoge.tex \documentclass{jarticle} \begin{document} \LaTeX!! \end{document} Unix OS Emacs Emacs Emacs [ ]J.: Emacs: hoge.tex (LaTeX) [L1 All [ ] CTRL Y= [ ] [ ] [ ] / Windows Unix OS 6

L A TEX 2ε 2.1 L A TEX Windows [ ] [ ] command OK Windows 2 platex hoge.tex This is ptex Version 3.14159-p3.0.4 (sjis) (Web2C 7.3.9) platex2e (based on LaTeX2e <2001/06/01> patch level 0) (1) (./hoge.aux) ) Output written on hoge.dvi (1 page 236 bytes). Transcript written on hoge.log. hoge.dvi hoge.log hoge.tex hoge.log ls Windows dir ls hoge.* hoge.aux hoge.dvi hoge.log hoge.tex L A TEX hoge.tex hoge.aux hoge.dvi hoge.tex DVI hoge.log hoge.tex hoge.tex L A TEX 7

2 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε 2.1.3 10 # $ % & _ { } ~ ^ \ L A TEX 3 < > 13 # \# $ \$ % \% & \& _ \_ { \{ } \} ~ \textasciitilde ^ \textasciicircum \ \textbackslash \textbar < \textless > \textgreater 2.1 2.1.4 2.1 mkdir cd dir move copy del help Windows OS Windows 2.1 mkdir /? [ ] [ ] Windows 9.21 L A TEX Unix OS 1 2.2 8

L A TEX 2ε 2.1 mkdir help less less man mkdir info mkdir info less info Unix OS A Unix OS emacs hoge.tex & platex hoge.tex xdvi hoge.dvi & 2.2 Unix OS mkdir cd ls mv cp rm help man 2 Unix OS - -- 2.2 Windows mv move ls dir / Y= echo hogehoge >> hoge.txt echo gehogeho >> hoge.txt mkdir geho cd geho mv../hoge.txt./ ls more./hoge.txt ls../ geho hoge.txt geho hoge.txt 9

2 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε 2.1.5 L A TEX L A TEX? 2.3 error.tex \documentclass{jarticle} \begin{document} Hello & Goodbye! Give me $100! Give me 100%! Under_bar is stranger. Is sharp sing #? No its \#. Hello \& Goodbye!! \end{document}! Misplaced alignment tab character &. 1.3 Hello & Goodbye! Give me $100! Give me 100%?? 3 & Enter! You can t use macro parameter character # in math mode. l.4 Under_bar is stranger. Is sharp sing #? # 1 Enter! Missing $ inserted. <inserted text> $ l.6 \end{document}? $ 3 6 1 Hello \& Goodbye! Give me \$100! Give me 100%! Under_bar is stranger. Is sharp sing \#? No its \#. Hello \& Goodbye!! 3 & $ 4 # \ 10

L A TEX 2ε 2.1! Missing $ inserted. <inserted text> $ l.4 Under_ bar is stranger. Is sharp sing \#?? 2 $ 4 _ $ Enter! Missing $ inserted. <inserted text> $ l.6 \end{document}? Overfull \hbox (152.35132pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3--6 []\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 Hello & Good-bye! Give me $100! Give me 100Under$[]\OML/cmm/m/it/10 arisstranger:issharpsing \OT1/cmr/m/n/10 #?\OML/cmm/m/it/10 Noits[]\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 # \OML/cmm/m/it/10 :Hello\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 &\OML/cmm/m/it/10 Goodbye\OT1/cmr/m/n/10!!$ Overfull \hbox DVI error.dvi <inserted text> $ L A TEX $ b r Give me 100Under b %! Under error.tex Hello \& Goodbye! Give me \$100! Give me 100\%! Under\_bar is stranger. Is sharp sing \#? No its \#. Hello \& Goodbye!! L A TEX?? 11

2 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε Type <return> to proceed, S to scroll future error messages, R to run without stopping, Q to run quietly, I to insert something, E to edit your file, 1 or... or 9 to ignore the next 1 to 9 tokens of input, H for help, X to quit.?? Enter S R Q L A TEX Enter Q I H X X Enter * Enter * (Please type a command or say \end ) \end{document} 2.1.6 OS Windows dviout Unix xdvi Red Hat pxdvi hoge.dvi Windows dviout Unix OS xdvi hoge.dvi xdvi xdvi hoge & 12

L A TEX 2ε 2.1 Unix OS & DVI dviout xdvi xdvi 2 Quit Abort Quit xdvi Reread file.dvi First Prev Next Last View PS PostScript File DVI Quit 2.1.7 DVI DVI PostScript Windows dvipsk dvips -o hoge.ps hoge.dvi hoge.dvi hoge.ps hoge.ps ps2pdf hoge.ps hoge.pdf PDF hoge.pdf Postscript hoge.ps lpr -P hoge.ps 13

2 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε.tex platex hoge L A TEX hoge.tex L A TEX L A TEX Kpathsearch hoge.tex platex hoge Kpathsearch texmf.cnf $texmf/web2c/ $texmf L A TEX Unix OS /usr/local/lib/texmf/ Windows C:Y=usrY=localY=shareY=texmfY= kpsewhich texmf.cnf texmf.cnf L A TEX Kpathsearch kpsewhich less kpsewhich book.cls book.cls $texmf less 2.1.8 L A TEX ( ) \documentclass[,... ]{ }[ ] ( ) \begin{document} ( ) \end{document} \documentclass document 14

L A TEX 2ε 2.1 document L A TEX 2 Windows \alpha \maketitle \begin{ } \end{ } \begin{center} \end{center} {} \section{ } [] \documentclass[ ]{jbook} 2.1.9 L A TEX 2 2 15

2 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε filename.tex hoge.foo 2.2 L A TEX L A TEX..dtx 1.cls 2.cls,... n.cls.dtx.sty.ins classes.dtx.sty.cls.clo.fd.tex.sty.cls.clo.bib.ist.bst L A TEX BIBTEX 16

L A TEX 2ε 2.3.eps Adobe PostScript L A TEX 2.log.aux.dvi.toc.lof.lot.bbl.blg.idx.ind.ilg L A TEX 1 L A TEX BIBTEX thebibliography BIBTEX MakeIndex mendex makeindex theindex makeindex 2.3 L A TEX 2.3.1 L A TEX \documentclass[,... ]{ }[ ] ( ) \begin{document} ( ) \end{document} \documentclass filecontents 17

2 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε \begin{filecontents}{ } \end{filecontents} filecontents EPS EPS * \begin{filecontents*}{< >} %!PS-Adobe-2.0... \end{filecontents*} 2.3.2 filecontents \documentclass \documentclass[,... ]{ }[ ] 3.21.1 YYYY/MM/DD 2003 12 31 jarticle \documentclass[11pt,a4j]{jarticle}[2003/12/31] 2003 12 31 L A TEX Warning 3.21.3 \usepackage \usepackage[,... ]{ }[ ] \usepackage \documentclass L A TEX Dvipdfmx 18

L A TEX 2ε 2.3 \usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphicx}[2001/01/01] graphicx 2 3 1 2 \documentclass[10pt,a4paper,twocolumn]{article} 10pt a4paper twocolumn, graphicx amsmath makeidx \usepackage{graphicx,amsmath,makeidx} \documentclass[10pt,a4paper,oneside]{jarticle} \usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphicx} \usepackage[dvipdfm,usenames]{color} \begin{document}. \end{document} L A TEX \listfiles \listfiles filename.log \documentclass{jbook} \listfiles \begin{document} hoge \end{document} filename.tex platex L A TEX This is ptex Version 3.141592-p3.1.2 (sjis)(web2c 7.5.2) *File List* pldefs.ltx 2000/07/13 v1.2 platex Kernel jy1mc.fd 1997/01/24 v1.3 KANJI font defines jy1gt.fd 1997/01/24 v1.3 KANJI font defines kinsoku.tex plpatch.ltx jbook.cls 2001/10/04 v1.3 Standard platex class 19

2 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε jbk10.clo 2001/10/04 v1.3 Standard platex file *********** Output written on filename.dvi (1 page 216 bytes). Transcript written on filename.log. jbook 20

3 3 L A TEX L A TEX 3.1 1 1 L A TEX 3.2 \title{ } \author{ } \date{ } L A TEX \begin{document} 21

3 L A TEX 2ε \maketitle \documentclass{jarticle} \title{ \LaTeX} \author{ } \date{2004 3 30 } \begin{document} \maketitle {\LaTeX} \end{document} L A TEX 2004 3 30 L A TEX... 3.1 \and \thanks \author{ \thanks{ } \and \thanks{ }\and \thanks{ }} 3.2 \author{ \\ \\ name@server.ac.jp} 3.1 \thanks \and \author{ \thanks{ name@server.ac.jp}} 3.3 22

L A TEX 2ε 3.3 \author{ \\ \\ \and \\ \\ \and \\ \\ } \and \\ 3 3.3 3.3.1 L A TEX 3.1 \section 3.1 L A TEX \part[ ]{ } \chapter[ ]{ } \section[ ]{ } \subsection[ ]{ } \subsubsection[ ]{ } \paragraph[ ]{ } \subparagraph[ ]{ } article jarticle [ ] L A TEX 23

3 L A TEX 2ε \chapter{ } \section{ } \chapter{ } \section{ } \subsection{ } 1 1.1 2 2.1 2.1.1 3.3.2 3.2 \part -1 0 \chapter 0 \section 1 \subsection 2 \subsubsection 3 \paragraph 4 \subparagraph 4 (j)article L A TEX (j)article 3.4 20 L A TEX \tableofcontents \listoffigures \listoftables 2 mokuji.tex \documentclass{jarticle} \begin{document} \tableofcontents% \section{ } \subsection{ } \section{ } \subsection{ } \end{document} 24

L A TEX 2ε 3.4 mokuji.tex mokuji.dvi No file mokuji.aux. No file mokuji.toc. [1] (./mokuji.aux) ) 3 No File mokuji.aux mokuji.toc mokuji.aux \relax \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline{section}{\numberline{1} }{1}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline{subsection}{\numberline{1.1} }{1}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline{section}{\numberline{2} }{1}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline{subsection}{\numberline{2.1} }{1}} mokuji.toc mokuji.toc \contentsline{section}{\numberline{1} }{1} \contentsline{subsection}{\numberline{1.1} }{1} \contentsline{section}{\numberline{2} }{1} \contentsline{subsection}{\numberline{2.1} }{1} mokuji.aux 1 mokuji.tex (d:/usr/local/share/texmf/ptex/platex/js/jsarticle.cls Document Class: jsarticle 2004/02/25 okumura ) (./mokuji.aux) (./mokuji.toc) [1] (./mokuji.aux) ) mokuji.aux mokuji.toc mokuji.dvi 1 1 1.1................................................................. 1 1 1 1.1............................................................... 1 25

3 L A TEX 2ε 3.4.1 tocdepth 3.2 jsbook \chapter \secounter{tocdepth}{0} (j)book (j)report 2 (j)article 3 jsbook 1 3.4.2 secnumdepth secnumdepth 3.2 \subsection \setcounter{secnumdepth}{2} 3.5 (j)article abstract abstract \maketitle \maketitle \maketitle \begin{abstract} \end{abstract} (j)report \chapter* \chapter * \chapter*{ }\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{ } jsbook abstract (j)book \frontmatter \chapter 26

L A TEX 2ε 3.6 \begin{document} \frontmatter% \chapter{ } \mainmatter% \chapter{ } 3 3.6 1 L A TEX 1 \par \par \par L A TEX L A TEX \parindent \parindent=3em 3 3.6.1 \indent \noindent 27

3 L A TEX 2ε \indent \noindent jreport indentfirst %\section{ } \indent \indent \par \noindent L A TEX \parskip \parindent=0pt% \parskip=10pt plus 0pt minus 0pt 3.6.2 quote quotation quote list indent indentation indentation \begin{indentation}{3zw}{3zw} 3 3 \end{indentation} \begin{indentation}{0zw}{5zw} \end{indentation} 3 3 3.6.3 \baselinestretch 28

L A TEX 2ε 3.7 \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{2} doublespace \usepackage{doublespace} 3 3.7 \parindent=0pt pt L A TEX 3.3 jsclasses 10pt 3.3 L A TEX in 1 in=25.4 mm=72.27 pt cm 1 cm=10 mm=28.3 pt mm 1 mm=2.83 pt pt 1 pt=0.35 mm em M ex x zw true cm truecm 3.8 I wish I could. 29

3 L A TEX 2ε I wish I could 10\,m 10 m,. 1 1 3.9 L A TEX 2 \footnote \marginpar \footnote \footnote{ } L A TEX \footnote *1 *1 30

L A TEX 2ε 3.10 \footnote{fourier Translation}... a... a Fourier Translation 3.10 3 L A TEX \emph \emph{english Emphasize} \emph{ } English Emphasize \em 6.2.2 L A TEX \emph \textit \em \/ \emph{future University-Hakodate} is interesting.\par {\em FUN\/} is funky?\par {\em FUN} is not funky? Future University-Hakodate is interesting. FUN is funky? FUN is not funky? 3.11 L A TEX \ \ { } $ & # ^ _ ~ % < > 13 2.1.3 3.11.1 3.4 * fontenc T1 \usepackage[t1]{fontenc} 31

3 L A TEX 2ε 3.4 å \aa ø \o \dag Ð \DJ «\guillemotleft Å \AA Ø \O \ddag ŋ \ng» \guillemotright æ \ae ı \i \pounds Ŋ \NG \guilsinglleft Æ \AE j \j! þ \th \guilsinglright œ \oe ß \ss? Þ \TH \quotedblbase Œ \OE SS \SS ð \dh \quotesinglbase ł \l \S Ð \DH " \textquotedbl Ł \L \P d \dj 3.5 ü \"u ā \={a} à \ {a} ạ \d{a} ˇa \v{a} o \r{o} é \ {e} a \H{a} ā \b{a} c \k{c} ñ \~{n} ȧ \.{a} ô \^{o} o \c{o} ĭ \u{ı} oo \t{oo} 3.5 i j 3.4 \i \j J\"org {mu\ss} ein Gel\"ande f\"ur seine Fabrik erwerben. Jörg muß ein Gelände für seine Fabrik erwerben. 3.11.2 Y= okumacro ascmac textcomp \yen \textyen L A TEX Windows L A TEX L A TEX ASCII 0x80 0x7E L A TEX Unix OS ascii 32

L A TEX 2ε 3.11 ascii 8 L A TEX Y= \ 3 Unix L A TEX L A TEX \newcommand{\yen}{y\llap=} Y= \newcommand{\yen}{\ooalign{y\crcr\hss=\hss}} Y = \newcommand{\yen}{\ooalign{y\crcr\raise.1ex\hbox{\hss=\hss}}} textcomp fontenc \usepackage[t1]{fontenc} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{txfonts}% mathpazo, pxfonts 1 \textyen 33

3 L A TEX 2ε 3.12 L A TEX 3.13 % \% comment Victor Eijkhout comment %\usepackage{comment} % \begin{comment} \end{comment} 3.14 \verb+ + verbatim \begin{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \verb #include<stdio.h>... \begin{verbatim} int main( void ){ int hoge = 0x7E; printf("%c\n",hoge); } \end{verbatim} #include<stdio.h>... int main( void ){ int hoge = 0x7E; printf("%c\n",hoge); } 34

L A TEX 2ε 3.15 \verb verbatim \verb \verb 134, \verb+456+, \verb9 () 9.\par \verb* 1 3 5, \verb*9ok? ok?9.\par \begin{verbatim*} int main( void ){ \end{verbatim*} 134, 456, (). 1 3 5, ok? ok?. int main( void ){ 3 3.15 2 Shift @ Shift 7 L A TEX Word L A TEX 1 quote quotation quote quotation \begin{quote} quote \end{quote} \begin{quotation} quotation \end{quotation} quote \begin{quote} quotation \end{quote} quote quotation 35

3 L A TEX 2ε FUN Future University-Hakodate FUN FUN Future University-Hakodate FUN L A TEX \newcommand{\qu}[1]{ #1 }% \newcommand{\qq}[1]{ #1 }% 1 \newcommand{\yo}[1]{ #1 }% \newcommand{\yy}[1]{ #1 }% 1 \yo \yy \newcommand{\yo}[1]{ #1 }% \newcommand{\yy}[1]{ #1 }% 1 \yo{ \qu{i think, therefore I am.} } I think, therefore I am. 3.15.1 \emph Italic shape 2 \emph{ article s Name } 2004 \emph{natural} 2004 Natural \yousyo \wasyo \newcommand{\yousyo}[1]{\emph{#1}}% \newcommand{\wasyo}[1]{ #1 }% 36

L A TEX 2ε 3.15 2004 \yousyo{natural} \wasyo{ } 2004 Natural 3.15.2 3 4 en-dash em-dash - okumacro 3.6 3.6 en-dash -- em-dash --- \ \ - - $-$ When I was a young---a little dog---i could read about 100--200 books in a day. This is a just fairy-tale. When I was a young a little dog I could read about 100 200 books in a day. This is a just fairy-tale. 1 {\TeX} \mbox{for-each} Perl \mbox{foreach} \mbox{x-ray} Future \mbox{university-hakodate} \mbox{if-then} TEX for-each Perl foreach X-ray Future University-Hakodate if-then 37

3 L A TEX 2ε 3.15.3 L A TEX \hyphenation{ } \- \- Ghost\-script \hyphenation \hyphenation{ghost-script Post-Script} George Johnson and George Brahms always say supercalifragilisticexpialidocious, they always say super\-cali\-fragilistic\-expi% ali\-docious, and Robert sometimes say \mbox{supercalifragilisticexpialidocious}. George Johnson and George Brahms always say supercalifragilisticexpialidocious, they always say supercalifragilisticexpialidocious, and Robert sometimes say supercalifragilisticexpialidocious. super \mbox \hyphenation{su-per-cali-frag-ilis-tic-ex-pi-ali-doci-ous} \hyphenation{super-cali-fragilistic-expiali-docious} 3.15.4 \ Windows Y= \\ 3.15 \\*[ ] \newline \par \newline \bs\ \par 38

L A TEX 2ε 3.16 \verb \\ \\ \\[1cm] \par \newline \\ 3 3.16 3.16.1 TEX Fifth files were found in a folder and were shuffled by anyone.\par Fifth f{}iles were found in a folder and were shuf{}f{}led by anyone. Fifth files were found in a folder and were shuffled by anyone. Fifth files were found in a folder and were shuffled by anyone. fl ffl My name is Thor. L A TEX I want to be a Mr. Right and go to N.Y. I wish I could. I want to be a Mr. Right and go to N.Y. I wish I could. Mr. Right N.Y. I 39

3 L A TEX 2ε \ \@ I want to be a Mr. Right and go to N.Y. Let me do.\par I want to be a Mr.\ Right and go to N.Y\@. Let me do. I want to be a Mr. Right and go to N.Y. Let me do. I want to be a Mr. Right and go to N.Y. Let me do. L A TEX \ \@ \par 3.16.2 ~ Mr.~Sato read page~10 and looked at figure~3 and table~2 in the book. Mr. Sato read page 10 and looked at figure 3 and table 2 in the book. Hello is a fine greeting and I always say Hello. \par \, Hello is a fine greeting and I always say Hello. \, Hello is a fine greeting and I always say Hello. Hello is a fine greeting and I always say Hello. 3.16.3 TEX 4 1 \mbox hoge \par \mbox{}hoge\mbox{} hoge hoge 40

L A TEX 2ε 3.17 L A TEX TEX 3 TEX \LaTeX \TeX \\ \LaTeX\ \TeX \\ {\LaTeX} {\TeX} \\ {\LaTeX} {\TeX}\\ L A TEX TEX L A TEX TEX L A TEX TEX L A TEX TEX \TeX and {\LaTeX}are very famous.\\ {\TeX} and {\LaTeX} are very pupular. TEXand L A TEXare very famous. TEX and L A TEX are very pupular. \TeX \TeX 3.17 3.7 3.7 flushleft \raggedright center \centering flushright \raggedleft center 1 flushright flushleft 41

3 L A TEX 2ε \begin{flushleft} \\ \end{flushleft} \begin{center} \\ \\ \end{center} \begin{flushright} \\ flushright \end{flushright} flushright \begin{flushright} \\ 2005 3 31 \end{flushright} \begin{flushleft} \begin{flushright} \\ \end{flushleft} \end{flushright} \begin{center} \end{center} 2004 \begin{flushright} \end{flushright} 2004 3 31 2004 42

L A TEX 2ε 3.18 3.18 itemize enumerate 1 (a) i A description \item 3 itemize \item itemize \item[\#] \begin{itemize} \item \item[*] \begin{itemize} \item \end{itemize} \end{itemize} * \begin{enumerate} \item \item \begin{description} \item[ ] \item[ ] \end{description} \end{enumerate} 1. 2. 3.19 43

3 L A TEX 2ε L A TEX 3.19.1 L A TEX 3.8 {\ } 3.8 \tiny \scriptsize \footnotesize \small \normalsize \large \Large \LARGE \huge \Huge {\scriptsize } {\Large } \kyocho \newcommand{\kyocho}[1]{{\large#1}} \newcommand{\kyocho}[1]{{\large#1}} \kyocho{ } \Kyocho{ } 44

L A TEX 2ε 3.19 3.9 \ 10 pt 11 pt 12 pt \tiny 5 pt 6 pt 6 pt \scriptsize 7 pt 8 pt 8 pt \footnotesize 8 pt 9 pt 10 pt \small 9 pt 10 pt 11 pt \normalsize 10 pt 11 pt 12 pt \large 12 pt 12 pt 14 pt \Large 14 pt 14 pt 17 pt \LARGE 17 pt 17 pt 20 pt \huge 20 pt 20 pt 25 pt \Huge 25 pt 25 pt 25 pt 1 3 3.19.2 L A TEX 3.10 3.10 \textrm \rmfamily ABCabc \textsf \sffamily ABCabc \texttt \ttfamily ABCabc \textmd \mdseries ABCabc \textbf \bfseries ABCabc \textit \itshape ABCabc \textsl \slshape ABCabc \textsc \scshape ABCabc 45

3 L A TEX 2ε \textsf{\textbf{\textit{i like sushi.}}} {\sffamily\bfseries\itshape I like sushi.} I like sushi. I like sushi. \texttt{\textbf{type writer and bold extended?}} I like \textsc{small caps} and \textit{\textbf{bold italic}}. {\ttfamily \bfseries type writer and bold extended} Type writer and bold extended? I like small caps and bold italic. type writer and bold extended {\Large\textbf Large Bold?} \\ {\textbf\large Bold Large?} Large Bold? Bold Large? 3.11 pl A TEX 3.11 \textmc \mcfamily \textgt \gtfamily \textgt{ } {\gtfamily } 3.19.3 L A TEX Donald Knuth Computer Modern Computer Modern [27] Young Ryu txfonts 46

L A TEX 2ε 3.20 Times mathptmx Palatino mathpazo pxfonts txfonts 3.20 L A TEX 4 4 1 L A TEX ptex 1 [51] 3 1 3.20.1 L A TEX Frank Mittelbach Rainer Schöpf syntonly \syntaxonly syntonly \documentclass{jsarticle} \usepackage{syntonly} \syntaxonly \begin{document} I like {\LaTex}.% \end{document} 47

3 L A TEX 2ε DVI 3.21 L A TEX class package L A TEX2.09 L A TEX L A TEX \documentclass[ ]{ } \usepackage[ ]{ } 11 2 \documentclass[twocolumn,11pt]{jarticle} \usepackage[dvips]{color} \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} 2 twocolumn 11pt \documentclass[twocolumn,11pt]{jarticle} \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx,color}.cls.sty 3.21.1 L A TEX pl A TEX classes.dtx classes.ins classes.cls %% This is file class.cls, %% generated with the docstrip utility. 48

L A TEX 2ε 3.21 %% The original source files were: %% classes.dtx (with options: option ) option classes.dtx Unix OS find /usr/local/share/texmf/ -name classes.dtx 3 Windows Macintosh classes.dtx classes.ins platex classes.dtx platex classes.ins DocStrip classes.ins article.cls report.cls book.cls bk10.clo bk11.clo bk12.clo size10.clo size11.clo size12.clo article classes.dtx L A TEX report classes.dtx L A TEX book classes.dtx L A TEX slides slides.dtx proc article proc.dtx article report book classes jarticle jreport jbook tarticle treport tbook 49

3 L A TEX 2ε jarticle jreport jbook jclasses 3.21.2 \documentclass 10pt 11pt 12pt 10pt a4paper a5paper b5paper letterpaper b4paper a4j a5j b4j b5j geometry jsclasses landscape oneside twoside oneside twoside onecolumn twocolumn 1 onecolumn 2 twocolumn titlepage notitlepage titlepage notitlepage fleqn leqno draft final draft final final openright openany (j)report (j)book openright openany (j)report openany (j)book openright http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/ jsclasses jsarticle jsbook jspf jclasses *2 jsarticle jsbook jspf jsclasses 9pt 10pt 11pt 12pt 14pt 17pt 20pt 21pt 25pt 30pt 36pt 43pt 12Q 14Q *2 (j)classes 50

L A TEX 2ε 3.21 a4paper a5paper a6paper b5paper b4paper a4j a5j b4j b5j a4var b5var english 3.21.3 3 L A TEX \usepackage[ ]{ } platex filename.dtx filename.dvi DVI filename.dtx Windows Unix OS find L A TEX $texmf/tex/latex/base L A TEX AMS-L A TEX American Mathematical Society AMS-TEX TEX L A TEX AMS-L A TEX amsmath babel L A TEX A.4 graphicx color tools L A TEX3 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε L A TEX3 tools $texmf/tex/latex/tools array calc array tabular tabular* L A TEX 51

3 L A TEX 2ε dcolumn delarray hhline longtable tabularx tabular afterpage \clearpage \afterpage bm enumerate enumerate fontsmpl ftnright 2 indentfirst jarticle jreport \chapter \section layout multicol showkeys \label \ref \cite keys theorem varioref verbatim verbatim xr xspace 52

4 4 L A TEX 4.1 Oren Patashnik BIBTEX JBIBTEX 4.2 thebibliography \bibitem[ ]{ } thebibliography 53

4 L A TEX 2ε \begin{thebibliography}{ } \bibitem[ ]{ } \end{thebibliography} \cite{ } Donald Knutu \emph{\tex }~\cite{tex book} \begin{thebibliography}{9} \bibitem{tex book} Donald~E. Knuth. {\TeX}., 1989. \end{thebibliography} thebibliography 9 \begin{thebibliography}{9} 2 \begin{thebibliography}{99} 4.2.1 thebibliography \bibitem[ ]{ }..,. Taro Mirai 54

L A TEX 2ε 4.3 \bibitem[hokkai 1997]{HM1997a} Michiko Hokkai.\ \emph{going My Way}.\ 1997,\ Future.\ \bibitem[hokkai 1999]{HM1999a}.\.\ 1999,\.\ \bibitem[watanabe 2000]{NN2000a}.\.\ 2000,\ NNN.\ [Hokkai 1999] [Watanabe 2000] 4 Michiko Hokkai 2 [ ] [ ] 4.3 L A TEX JBIBTEX [78, 79] 4.3.1 J BIBTEX L A TEX.bib 4.3.2 hoge.bib @ {, 1 ={ 1 }, 2 ={ 2 }, } 55

4 L A TEX 2ε @book{tw2004a, author = { }, yomi = {Toru Watanabe}, title = { }, publisher = { }, year = {2004}, note = { }} @ @ book book TW2004a author yomi title publisher year note yomi hoge.bib \cite 4.2 4.3.3 L A TEX \bibliography \bibliographystyle{ } \bibliography{ }.bib.bib JBIBTEX platex file.tex jbibtex file 56

L A TEX 2ε 4.3 platex file.tex platex file.tex \cite 4 \nocite{ } hoge.tex \documentclass{jsarticle} \begin{document} ~\cite{tw2004a} \bibliographystyle{jplain} \bibliography{ref} \end{document} ref.bib @book{tw2004a, author = { }, yomi = {Toru Watanabe}, title = { }, publisher = { }, year = {2004}, note = { }} hoge.tex 1 LaTeX Warning: Citation TW2004a on page 1 undefined on input line 3. No file hoge.bbl. LaTeX Warning: There were undefined references. No file hoge.bbl hoge.bbl hoge.aux \relax \citation{tw2004a} \bibstyle{jplain} \bibdata{ref} 57

4 L A TEX 2ε 4 JBIBTEX file.aux JBIBTEX jbibtex hoge This is JBibTeX, Version 0.99c-j0.33 (Web2C 7.5.2) The top-level auxiliary file: hoge.aux The style file: jplain.bst Database file #1: ref.bib 1 JBIBTEX 2 hoge.aux 3 jplain.bst ref.bib hoge.bbl hoge.bbl \begin{thebibliography}{1} \bibitem{tw2004a}. \newblock. \newblock, 2004. \newblock. \end{thebibliography} 4.2 hoge.bbl JBIBTEX hoge.blg hoge.bbl hoge.tex platex hoge.tex LaTeX Warning: Citation TW2004a on page 1 undefined on input line 3. (./hoge.bbl) [1] (./hoge.aux) LaTeX Warning: There were undefined references. LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed. Rerun to get cross-references right.) platex hoge.tex 58

L A TEX 2ε 4.3 3 3 1 JBIBTEX hoge.bbl platex hoge.tex jbibtex hoge platex hoge.tex platex hoge.tex 4 Make latexmk 4.3.4 \bibliographystyle{ } \bibliography{ } \bibliographystyle jplain \bibliography 1 1 @book{label, book 4.1 4.1 article book booklet inbook incollection inproceedings manual masterthesis phdthesis misc 59

4 L A TEX 2ε author title publisher year 4.2 4.2 address annote author booktitle chapter crossref edition editor howpublished journal key month note number organization pages publisher school series title volume year 4.3 JBIBTEX file.bbl author author={ and and } and author editor author={ and others} 60

L A TEX 2ε 4.3 4.3 article author title journal year volume number pages month note book author title publisher, year volume series address edition month note booklet title author howpublished adddress month year note inbook author title chapter pages publisher year volume series type note address edition month incollection booktitle author title year publisher editor volume series type month note address edition inproceedings author title booktitle year editor volume series pages address month organization publisher note manual title author address edition month year note organization masterthesis author title school year type address month note misc author title howpublished month year note phdthesis author title school year type address month note 4 jplain 4.3.5 BIBTEX jplain plain alpha abbrv unsrt 4 jplain jalpha jabbrv junsrt WWW 61

4 L A TEX 2ε jplain [1],. 2000.. NNN. jalpha 3 key [NG 2000],. 2000.. NNN. jabbrv [1],. 2000.. NNN. junsrt [1],, 2000.. NNN. 4.3.6 [3,2,5,1] [1-3,5] Donald Arseneau cite hyperref [1-3,5] 4.3.7 ( 1999) \makeatletter \renewcommand{\@cite}[2]{ {#1\if@tempswa, #2\fi} } \renewcommand{\@biblabel}[1]{ #1 } \makeatother JBIBTEX cite nospace space nosort \usepackage[space]{cite} 62

L A TEX 2ε 4.3 4.4 cite \citeform \citepunct \citeleft [ \citeright ] \citemid \cite 4 4.4 mycite.tex \documentclass[12pt]{jsarticle} \usepackage{cite} \begin{document} ~\cite[ ]{First,Second,Third,Sixth,Fifth} \begin{thebibliography}{9} \bibitem{first} First Name. \emph{ }. 1991,. \bibitem{second} Second Name. \emph{ }. 1992,. \bibitem{third} Third Name. \emph{ }. 1993,. \bibitem{forth} Forth Name. \emph{ }. 1995,. \bibitem{fifth} Fifth Name. \emph{ }. 1994,. \bibitem{sixth} Sixth Name. \emph{ }. 1990,. \end{thebibliography} \end{document} [1 3,5,6, ] \cite \usepackage \renewcommand\citemid{; } \renewcommand\citeleft{ } \renewcommand\citeright{ } \renewcommand\citepunct{,} 1 3,5,6; \citeform 63

4 L A TEX 2ε \renewcommand\citeform[1]{\romannumeral 0#1} i iii,v,vi; \renewcommand\citeform[1]{ #1 } \renewcommand\citeform{\thechapter.} % [1.3-1.4] 4.4 Nizar Batada JBIBTEX Maneger http://csb.stanford.edu/nbatada/jbibtexmanager/ Java OS GUI Morten Alver Nizar Batada JabRef http://jabref.sourceforge.net/ Java Ref for Windows http://homepage3.nifty.com/refwin/ Windows Ref for Windows file.bib 64

5 L A TEX 5 5.1 L A TEX DVI DVI Device Independent DVI DVI DVI file.dvi.dvi PostScript Adobe 1.3 Unix OS PostScript PostScript PS.ps file.ps.gz PostScript PostScript EPS Encapsulated PostScript PDF PDF Portable Document Format Adobe PostScript 1.5 L A TEX PDF pdfl A TEX 65

5 L A TEX 2ε HTML HTML HyperText Markup Language Hyper Link HTML HTML XHTML L A TEX L A TEX 5.1.1 DVI DVI DeVice Independent L A TEX DVI platex L A TEX platex filename.tex L A TEX filename.tex DVI filename.dvi DVI DVI DVI Windows dviout Unix OS xdvi xdvik 5.1.2 PostScript DTP Adobe PostScript PostScript PostScript L A TEX PostScript PostScript Ghostscript 5.1.3 PDF Adobe PDF PDF Portable Document Format PDF 66

L A TEX 2ε 5.2 DVI PS dvips(k) 5.2 DVI PS dvips(k) Tomas Rokicki Karl Berry Kpathsearch dvips DVI PS dvips Windows dvipsk Unix OS dvips Red Hat pdvips dvips filename.dvi 5.dvi dvips -D dpi -o -t a0 a8 b0 b8 -T, 21cm,27cm \AtBeginDvi{\special{papersize=210mm,270mm}} -A -B -p L A TEX -l L A TEX -pp L A TEX 11,21-35 -r -P config.ps Windows config.dl dvips -P dl filename.dvi dvips filename.dvi Windows ptex dvipsk -D 2400 -Pdl -o output.ps input DVI EPS 67

5 L A TEX 2ε dvipsk -E -Pdl -pp14 -o outp14.eps input EPS outp14.eps EPS 5.2.1 PostScript L A TEX file.dvi dvips file.ps PostScript Angus Duggan psutils psutils 5.3 DVI PDF Mark Wicks Dvipdfm [76] DVI PDF dvipdfm Cho Jin Hwan dvipdfmx project team Dvipdfmx dvipdfm Dvipdfmx Dvipdfmx dvipdfm dvipdfm dvipdfm Dvipdfmx dvipdfm PDF HyperTEX Tpic JPEG PNG EPS EPDF PDF dvipdfm -c -e Dvipdfmx -e -f -m -p -o file.dvi file.pdf -p. a4 letter a6 a5 a4 a3 b5 b5 b4 b3 b5var \AtBeginDvi{\special{pdf:papersize width 210mm height 270mm}} -l 68

L A TEX 2ε 5.3 DVI PDF landscape -s -s 3-5,10-20 3 5 10 20 PDF -s 15-15 -s -,- -r PDF 600dpi -V PDF 2 5 -x 1.0in mm cm in pt -y 1.0in -x -z 0 9 9 9 0 -v -vv 5 DVI 15 20 PDF dvipdfm -c -s 15-20 -o output.pdf input.dvi.dvi PDF Adobe Reader Acrobat Reader dvipdfm DVI ** ERROR ** Unable to open output.pdf 1 PDF 5.3.1 dvipdfm JPEG PNG PDF EPS dvipdfm ebb JPEG PNG PDF EPS PDF ebb filename.jpg.bb filename.bb filename.bb 69

5 L A TEX 2ε %%Title:./filename.jpg %%Creator: ebb Version 0.5.2 %%BoundingBox: 0 0 595 842 %%CreationDate: Tue Dec 30 13:04:10 2003 filename.bb \includegraphics[bb={0 0 595 842}]{filename.jpg} filename.bb. filename.png 8.3 5.4 DVI PDF 2 Cho Jin Hwan Dvipdfmx Project dvipdfm Dvipdfmx Dvipdfmx Project http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx/ Dvipdfmx Chinese Japanese Korean 16 Unicode CID PDF PDF dvipdfm dvipdfm Dvipdfmx graphicx pict2e \usepackage[dvipdfmx]{graphicx,color} \usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphicx,color} Dvipdfmx -S PDF -K PDF 40 128 40 -P PDF -vh -p 70

L A TEX 2ε 5.4 DVI PDF 2 -p, a4 20cm,20cm dvipdfmx -vh Dvipdfmx -P PDF 5.1 0x04 0x20 5.1 Dvipdfmx 5 0x04 0x08 0x10 0x20 0x28 0x3C 16 10 16 0x04 0x08 10 12 16 0x0C dvipdfmx -S -P 0x0C input.dvi dvipdfmx -S -P 0x28 input.dvi dvipdfmx -S -P 0x3C input.dvi 5.4.1 PDF Dvipdfmx PDF pdfl A TEX pdfε-l A TEX L A TEX PDF 71

5 L A TEX 2ε pl A TEX DVI Dvipdfmx PDF Dvipdfmx EPS PostScript L A TEX Ghostscript PDF Ghostscript Dvipdfmx PostScript Ghostscript 7.07 Dvipdfmx PDF JPEG PNG METAPOST EPS PDF EPS Ghostscript pdfwrite epstopdf ps2pdf14 epstopdf PDF EPS BoundingBox ps2pdf PDF BoundingBox eps2pdfs #!/bin/bash EPS= ls *.eps ; for fig in $EPS; do epstopdf $fig $f= basename $fig.eps grep "^%%BoundingBox:" $fig > $f.bb done PATH eps2pdfs EPS PDF file.eps file.pdf file.bb EPS PDF L A TEX \documentclass{jarticle} \usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphicx} \begin{document} \includegraphics{filename.pdf} \end{document} file.bb %%BoundingBox: 142 160 443 665 Windows Cygwin ^^; file.bb \includegraphics[bb={142 160 443 665}]{filename.pdf} file.bb 72

L A TEX 2ε 5.4 DVI PDF 2 $TEXMF/fonts/map/dvipdfm/base/ cid-x.map cid-x.map CMap kpsewhich -progname=platex -expand-path= $CMAPINPUTS.;/usr/local/share/texmf/fonts/cmap Cmap cid-x.map 5 rml H Ryumin-Light gbm H GothicBBB-Medium rmlv V Ryumin-Light gbmv V GothicBBB-Medium rml gbm mikachanall.ttc MS rml H :0:mikachanAll rmlv V :0:mikachanAll gbm H :0:msgothic gbmv V :0:msgothic 5.4.2 PDF PDF xpdf xpdf xpdfrc cidtounicode Adobe-Japan1 /Resource/Adobe-Japan1.cidToUnicode unicodemap ISO-2022-JP /Resource/ISO-2022-JP.unicodeMap unicodemap EUC-JP /Resource/EUC-JP.unicodeMap unicodemap Shift-JIS /Resource/Shift-JIS.unicodeMap cmapdir Adobe-Japan1 /Resource/CMap tounicodedir /Resource/CMap PDF pdftops PDF PostScript 73

5 L A TEX 2ε pdfimages pdftotext pdfinfo pdffonts PDF pdfiamges filename.pdf dir/ dir ppm pbm PDF ASCII PDF PDF pdffonts file.pdf name type emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ------------ --- --- --- --------- Times-Roman Type 1 no no no 7 0 GothicBBB-Medium-Identity-H CID Type 0 no no no 9 0 Helvetica Type 1 no no no 10 0 Ryumin-Light-Identity-H CID Type 0 no no no 12 0 Times-Italic Type 1 no no no 13 0 FRZWWS+txsy Type 1C yes yes yes 14 0 EPSMLX+t1xtt Type 1C yes yes yes 15 0 Times-Bold Type 1 no no no 16 0 LEPUME+rtxmi Type 1C yes yes yes 23 0 CACNFM+rtxsc Type 1C yes yes yes 32 0 Helvetica-Oblique Type 1 no no no 65 0 UQXVYG+rtxr Type 1C yes yes yes 66 0 name type emb sub uni Unicode PDF [21] 5.5 HTML L A TEX HTML WWW HTML Unix OS L A TEX2HTML TtH Unix OS 74

L A TEX 2ε 5.5 HTML 5.5.1 TEX4ht Eitan Gurari TEX4ht Unix OS Windows HTML NTT TEX JTEX ImageMagick TEX4ht ImageMagick Windows Unix OS tex4ht 5 \usepackage[html,charset=shift_jis,png]{tex4ht} ht jlatex filename file.html PNG ht dry-run cleanup output-name= ht HTML output-dir= tex4ht htlatex filename "html,charset=shift_jis,png" j-article j-report j-book $TEXMF/tex/generic/tex4ht/ cp article.cls j-article.cls cp report.cls j-report.cls cp book.cls j-book.cls j-classes \documentclass[11pt]{j-report} tex4ht 75

5 L A TEX 2ε html tex4ht HTML html XHTML xhtml charset= fonts+ fn-in png Shift_JIS GIF gif GIF GIF PNG PNG PNG JPEG jpg imgdir: / pic-m pic-eqnarray section+ next htm HTML tex4ht picm+ equation pic-equation pic-eqnarray pic-matrix pic-array pic-align eqnarray eqnarray 1 4 HTML L A TEX DVI PDF HTML HTML 8.htm OS HTML ISO9660 CD-R \usepackage[html,charset=shift_jis,fonts+,fn-in,png,imgdir:images/, pic-m,pic-eqnarray,info]{tex4ht} 76

L A TEX 2ε 5.5 HTML tex4ht tex4ht \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx,color} \usepackage{url} hyperref \usepackage{ } \usepackage[ ]{tex4ht} \usepackage[tex4ht]{hyperref} 5 \S \P \pounds \OE \ae \AE \aa \AA \ss \l \L \o \O \i \j?! \textvisiblespace \textless \textgreater iso-8859-1 uhtlatex Unicode Unicode tex4ht <P> \Picture \Picture[ ]{ } \Picture+ \EndPicture \Picture+{ }{ }\EndPicture hoge.jpg HTML \Picture[hoge ]{hoge.jpg} tabular %\usepackage[html,png]{tex4ht} \Picture+[ ]{mytable.png} \begin{tabular}{ c c c } \LaTeX2.09& \LaTeXe& \LaTex3\\ \end{tabular} \EndPicture HTML \HCode HTML 77

5 L A TEX 2ε \HCode{<HR><BR><BR><BR><BR>} hoge document \ConfigureEnv{hoge} {\IgnorePar\EndP\Tg<div class="pic-hoge">\picture*{}} {\EndPicture\Tg</div>}{}{} \Css{div.pic-hoge { }} %\ConfigureEnv{hoge*}% % {\IgnorePar\EndP\Tg<div class="pic-hoge-star">\picture*{}} % {\EndPicture\Tg</div>}{}{} %\Css{div.pic-hoge-star { }} hoge picture L A TEX tex4html t4ht tex4html test "-p" \Link hyperref url %\usepackage[html,charset=shift_jis]{tex4ht} %\usepackage[tex4th]{hyperref} \href{http://www.google.co.jp}{google} Google \begin{quote} \url{http://www.google.co.jp} \end{quote} http://osksn2.hep.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp/~naga/ http://pantodon.shinshu-u.ac.jp/ ptex pl A TEX file.sty \NeedsTeXFormats{pLaTeX2e} ptex 78

6 L A TEX L A TEX 6 6.1 1980 HTML Hyper Text Markup Language Tim Berners-Lee W3C XHTML Extended Hyper Text Markup Language L A TEX HTML XHTML 6.2 L A TEX L A TEX 6.2.1 TEX/L A TEX 79

6 L A TEX 2ε 1,000 1 1,000, 3 1 0 TEX/L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX < $<$ < L A TEX L A TEX \ { } $ & # ^ _ ~ % 10 10 6.2.2 < < < \% L A TEX 1 L A TEX \ Y= \section 80

L A TEX 2ε 6.2 \3 \# \ {, $ 6 \maketitle \section \ttfamily \begin{ } \end{ } document 6.2.3 L A TEX \newcommand{ }[ ][ ]{ } \renewcommand{ }[ ][ ]{ } \newcommand \newcommand{\example}{ } {\example} 81

6 L A TEX 2ε \newcommand{\example}[2]{#1 #2 } \example{ }{ } \example \newcommand{\example}[2][ ]{ #1 #2 } \example{ }\\ \example[ ]{ } \newcommand # n 1 9 \newcommand{\seq}[2][n]{% \{#2_{0},\ldots,\,#2_{#1}\}} $\seq{a}$ $\seq[k]{x}$ {a 0,..., a n } {x 0,..., x k } \newcommand 9 \renewcommand L A TEX \newenvironment{ }[ ][ ]{ }{ } \renewenvironment{ }[ ][ ]{ }{ } \newenvironment \newcommand \renewenvironment cemph \newenvironment{cemph}% {\begin{center}\begin{em}}% {\end{em}\end{center}} \begin{cemph} \end{cemph} 82

L A TEX 2ε 6.2 \providecommand{ }[ ][ ]{ } \DeclareRobustCommand{ }[ ][ ]{ } \providecommand \DeclareRobustCommand 6.1 \DeclareRobustCommand \documentclass{jarticle} \DeclareRobustCommand{\joubuyen}{{\ooalign{Y\crcr\hss=\hss}}} \newcommand{\moroiyen}{{\ooalign{y\crcr\hss=\hss}}} \begin{document} \tableofcontents \section{ {\moroiyen} } \section{ {\joubuyen} } \end{document} 6 1! Illegal parameter number in definition of \reserved@a. <to be read again> \crcr l.6 \section{ {\moroiyen} }? 2 file.toc file.toc file.aux file.aux \relax \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline{section}{\numberline{1} {{\lineskiplimit -\maxdimen \unhbox \voidb@x \vtop {\baselineskip \z@skip \lineskip.25ex\everycr{}\tabskip \z@skip \halign {##\crcr Y\crcr \hss =\hss \crcr }}}} }{1}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline{section}{\numberline{2} {\joubuyen} }{1}} file.toc \contentsline{section}{\numberline{1} {{\lineskiplimit -\maxdimen \unhbox\voidb@x \vtop {\baselineskip \z@skip \lineskip.25ex\everycr{}\tabskip \z@skip \halign {####\crcr Y\crcr \hss =\hss \crcr}}}} }{1} \contentsline{section}{\numberline{2} {\joubuyen} }{1} 83

6 L A TEX 2ε \DeclareRobustCommand \moroiyen L A TEX \protect \section{ {\protect\moroiyen} } \protect \moroiyen file.toc file.aux 6.2.4 name@server.co.jp name @ server. co. jp name @ @ at jp co server. 84

L A TEX 2ε 6.2 @. L A TEX L A TEX \newcommand{\hoge}[1]{ #1 } \hoge L A TEX 1 6 \newcommand{\hoge}[1]{ #1 } \hoge { } {} \newcommand{\hoge}[2]{ #1 #2} \hoge { } L A TEX @ \newcommand{\h@ge}[2]{ #1 #2} \h@ge { } Enter 4! Missing number, treated as zero. <to be read again> g l.7 \newcommand{\h@ge}[2]{ #1 #2}?! You already have nine parameters. \reserved@a...def \expandafter \h \reserved@b #10 g{ l.7 \newcommand{\h@ge}[2]{ #1 #2}?! You can t use macro parameter character # in horizontal mode. <argument> ## 1 ##2 l.7 \newcommand{\h@ge}[2]{ #1 #2}?! You can t use macro parameter character # in horizontal mode. <argument> ##1 ## 2 l.7 \newcommand{\h@ge}[2]{ #1 #2}? 85

6 L A TEX 2ε L A TEX @ \newcommand{\h}[2]{ #1 #2} \h@ge { } @ ge L A TEX L A TEX @ @ \newcommand{\h@ge}[2]{ #1 #2} \newcommand{\h@ge}[2]{ #1 #2} \newcommand{\hoge}{\h@ge} \hoge @ @ \makeatletter @ \makeatother @ \def\makeatletter{\catcode \@11\relax} \def\makeatother{\catcode \@12\relax} @ 11 12 6.1 \documentclass{jsarticle} \makeatletter \newcommand{\h@ge}[2]{ #1 #2} 86

L A TEX 2ε 6.2 6.1 0 \ Y= 1 { 2 } 3 $ 4 & 5 0x0D 6 # 7 ^ 8 _ 9 1 10 11 A Z a z 12 (!? 1 2 @ 13 ~ 14 % 15 0x7E TEX 16 1 2 17 18 1 6 \newcommand{\hoge}{\h@ge} \makeatother \begin{document} \hoge{ }{ } \end{document} @ \makeatletter \makeatother 6.2.5 \newcommand{\twoarg}[2]{ #1 #2} \twoarg a b \twoarg{ }{ } \twoarg{\latex}{\latexe} a b L A TEX L A TEX 2ε 87

6 L A TEX 2ε \newcommand{\twoarg}[2]{ #1 #2} \twoarg\latex\latexe \twoarg\latex2\latexe L A TEX L A TEX 2ε L A TEX 2L A TEX 2ε 6.2.4 L A TEX 2 2 6.2.6 \newcommand \newcommand{\kuhaku}[1]{ #1 } \newcommand{\kuhaku}[1]{ #1 } \kuhaku{ } \Kuhaku{ } \newcommand{\kuhaku}[1]{ #1 } \newcommand{\kuhaku}[1]{ #1 } \kuhaku{ }\Kuhaku{ } 6.3 TEX/L A TEX 2 L A TEX L A TEX \newcount\hoge% \the\hoge% {% 1 \hoge=3 \the\hoge% \hoge 3 88

L A TEX 2ε 6.3 {% 2 \hoge=5 \the\hoge% \hoge 5 }% 2 \the\hoge% 2 hoge 5 }% \the\hoge% \hoge=6 \the\hoge% \hoge? \newcount \the 035306 6 \ttfamily \itshape \normalfont roman {\ttfamily tt {\itshape it} tt \normalfont it} roman roman tt it tt it roman \ttfamily L A TEX roman \texttt{ tt \textit{it} tt \normalfont it} roman roman tt it tt it roman \normalfont \normalfont roman {\ttfamily tt {\normalfont\itshape it} tt} roman\par roman \texttt{tt {\normalfont\textit{it}} tt} roman roman tt it tt roman roman tt it tt roman 6.3.1 89

6 L A TEX 2ε TEX/L A TEX \global \newcount\hoge \the\hoge {% 1 \global\hoge=3 \the\hoge% {% 2 \the\hoge \hoge=5 \the\hoge } \the\hoge } \the\hoge \hoge=6 \the\hoge 0 3 35 3 36 3 3 2 3 1 3 \global 6.4 center \begin{center} \end{center} \centering \centering{a long long ago, a man was doing hoge hoge...} center \begin{center} A long long ago, a man was doing hoge hoge... \end{center} 90

L A TEX 2ε 6.5 \textsf \sffamily Roman. \textsf{roman? \par This is sans serif family.} Roman! sffont 6 \newenvironment{sffont}{\sffamily}{} Roman. \begin{sffont} Roman? \par This is sans serif family. \end{sffont} Roman! Roman. Roman? This is sans serif family. Roman! \sffamily Roman! {\sffamily sans serif family.} Roman! Roman! sans serif family. Roman! \begin{ } \end{ } \begin{< >} < > \end{< >} L A TEX {\ < > < > < >} \sffamily Roman? \begin{sffamily} This is sans serif family. \end{sffamily} Roman! Roman? This is sans serif family. Roman! 6.5 91

6 L A TEX 2ε \section equation float enumerate \label \label{ } \ref \pageref 2 \ref{ } \pageref{ } \ref \section %\section{ }\label{sec:xr} \pageref{sec:xr}~ \ref{sec:xr}~ 91 6.5 3 6.5.1 L A TEX L A TEX 6.2 \newcounter{section}[chapter] \newcount\c@section % \def\thesection{\thechapter.\c@section}% \def\p@section{\thechapter.\c@section}% 92

L A TEX 2ε 6.5 6.2 part chapter section subsection subsubsection paragraph subparagraph page equation figure table footnote mpfootnote enumi enumii enumiii enumiv minipage enumerate enumerate enumerate enumerate 6 \newcounter \label{hoge}, \ref{hoge} hoge.tex \documentclass{jsarticle} \begin{document} \newcounter{hoge} \thehoge \refstepcounter{hoge} \thehoge \end{document} 1 \refstepcounter \thehoge hoge No file hoge.aux hoge.aux more less \relax \refstepcounter 93

6 L A TEX 2ε \refstepcounter{hoge} \thehoge 1 \refstepcounter{hoge} \thehoge \label{cnt:hoge} 1 Label(s) may have changed. Return to get cross-ferecenses right. L A TEX hoge.aux \relax \newlabel{cnt:hoge}{{1}{1}} cnt:hoge \newcounter{hoge} \thehoge \refstepcounter{hoge} \thehoge \label{cnt:hoge} 2 ref=\ref{cnt:hoge}, page=\pageref{cnt:hoge} 1 1 hoge.aux L A TEX \setcounter{page}{100} \newcounter{hoge} \thehoge \refstepcounter{hoge} \thehoge \label{cnt:hoge} ref=\ref{cnt:hoge}, page=\pageref{cnt:hoge} 100 1 Label(s) may have changed. Return to get cross-ferecenses right. hoge.aux \relax \newlabel{cnt:hoge}{{1}{100}} file.aux L A TEX file.aux \ref \pageref \r@ 94

L A TEX 2ε 6.6 6.5.2 L A TEX int jsbook \chpater \section \newcounter{section}[chpater] 6 \newcounter{ }[ ] \setcounter{ }{ } \addtocounter{ }{ } \stepcounter{ } \refstepcounter{ } \value{ } \newcounter \setcounter \addtocounter \stepcounter \refstepcounter \stepcounter \refstepcounter 0 \value \arabic{ } 1, 2, 3,... \roman{ } i, ii, iii,... \Roman{ } I, II, III,... \alph{ } a, b, c,..., z \Alph{ } A, B, C,..., Z \fnsymbol{ } *,,,... \section section \renewcommand{\thesection}{\roman{section}} 6.6 95

6 L A TEX 2ε 6.3 6.3 chap: \chapter sec: \section fig: figure \caption tab: \table \caption equ: \equation eqnarray \section{ }\label{sec:addmix} \section{ }\label{sec:submix} \ref{sec:addmix}~ \pp{\pageref{sec:addmix} } 6.3 \section{ }\label{sec:addmixcolor} $i$ $c_i$ ~\ref{equ:addmixcolor} \begin{equation} c_i = r_i + g_i + b_i\label{equ:addmixcolor} \end{equation} ~\ref{tab:addmixcolor} \begin{table}[htbp] % \caption{ }\label{tab:addmixcolor} \end{table} ~\ref{fig:addmixcolor} \begin{figure}[htbp] % \caption{ }\label{fig:addmixcolor} \end{figure} \section{ }\label{sec:submixcolor} \ref{sec:addmixcolor}~ (\pageref{sec:addmixcolor}~ ) 96

L A TEX 2ε 6.6 3.1 i c i 3.1 3.1 c i = r i + g i + b i (3.1) 3.1 3.1 3.1 6 3.2 3.1 (5 ) 6.3 \newcommand*{\chaplab}[1]{\label{chap:#1}}% \newcommand*{\chapref}[1]{ ~\ref{chap:#1}~ }% \newcommand*{\seclab}[1]{\label{sec:#1}}% \newcommand*{\secref}[1]{\ref{sec:#1}~ }% \newcommand*{\figlab}[1]{\label{fig:#1}}% \newcommand*{\figref}[1]{ ~\ref{fig:#1}}% \newcommand*{\tablab}[1]{\label{tab:#1}}% \newcommand*{\tabref}[1]{ ~\ref{tab::#1}}% \newcommand*{\equlab}[1]{\label{equ:#1}}% \newcommand*{\equref}[1]{ ~\ref{equ::#1}}% \section{ }\seclab{addmixcolor} $i$ $c_i$ \eqref{addmixcolor} \begin{equation} c_i = r_i + g_i + b_i\eqlab{addmixcolor} \end{equation} \tabref{addmixcolor} \begin{table}[htbp] % \caption{ }\tablab{addmixcolor} \end{table} \figref{addmixcolor} \begin{figure}[htbp] % \caption{ }\figlab{addmixcolor} \end{figure} \section{ }\seclab{submixcolor} 97

6 L A TEX 2ε \secref{addmixcolor}(\pageref{sec:addmixcolor}~ ) 1 \secref{addmixcolor}(\pageref{sec:addmixcolor}~ ) sec: \newcommand*{\fullchapref}[1]{ \ref{chap:#1} (\pageref{chap:#1} )} \newcommand*{\fullsecref}[1]{\ref{sec:#1}~ (\pageref{sec:#1} )} \newcommand*{\fullfigref}[1]{ ~\ref{fig:#1} (\pageref{fig:#1} )} \newcommand*{\fulltabref}[1]{ ~\ref{tab::#1} (\pageref{tab:#1} )} \newcommand*{\fullequref}[1]{ ~\ref{equ::#1} (\pageref{equ:#1} )} \section{ }\seclab{submixcolor} \fullsecref{addmixcolor} L A TEX 1 myref.sty *1 6.6.1 L A TEX LaTeX Warning: Label key multiply defined \label Reference key on page n undefined Label(s) may have changed. Return to get cross-ferecenses right. 1 1 *1 http://texn.dante.jp/ 98

7 L A TEX TEX 7.1 7 L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX math italic 7.2 2 equation eqnarray 7.2.1 3 $ $  \begin{math} \end{math} 99

7 L A TEX 2ε  math math $a$ 2 $b$ 2 $c$ 2 $ a^2 + b^2 = c^2 $ {\LaTeX} \begin{math} a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \end{math} a 2 b 2 c 2 a 2 + b 2 = c 2 L A TEX a 2 + b 2 = c 2 ^ 7.2.2 a x + y L A TEX $ a^x+y \neq a^{x+y} $ a x + y a x+y L A TEX 7.2.3 L A TEX 3 $$ $$ \[ \] \begin{displaymath} \end{displaymath} fleqn \[ \] displaymath \[ c^2 = a^2 + b^2 \] c 2 = a 2 + b 2 100

L A TEX 2ε 7.2 \begin{displaymath} a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \end{displaymath} a 2 + b 2 = c 2 7.2.4 1 equation \begin{equation} \label{ } \end{equation} 7 equation 1 6.5 \begin{equation} a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \label{eq:equ} \end{equation} ~(\ref{eq:equ}) $c^2$ $a^2+b^2$ (7.1) c 2 a 2 + b 2 a 2 + b 2 = c 2 (7.1) 7.2.5 \begin{eqnarray*} & (=) & \\ & (=) & \end{eqnarray*} = eqnarray* 3 1 & \\ \begin{eqnarray*} f(x) & = & x^2 \\ f (x) & = & 2x \end{eqnarray*} f (x) = x 2 f (x) = 2x 101

7 L A TEX 2ε 7.2.6 eqnarray eqnarray* 1 \\ \nonumber \begin{eqnarray} f(x) &=& x^2 \label{eq1}\\ f (x) &=& 2x \label{eq2}\\ \int f(x)dx&=& x^3/3+c\nonumber \end{eqnarray} (\ref{eq1}) (\ref{eq2}) f (x) = x 2 (7.2) f (x) = 2x (7.3) f (x)dx = x 3 /3 + C (7.2) (7.3) 7.3 7.1 7.1 \mathnormal ABCabc \mathrm ABCabc \mathsf ABCabc \mathtt ABCabc \mathbf ABCabc \mathit ABCabc \mathcal ABC \begin{displaymath} \int f(x)dx \neq \int f(x)\mathrm{d}x \end{displaymath} f (x)dx f (x)dx 102

L A TEX 2ε 7.4 amssymb amsmath \text 7.2 7.2 amssymb \mathfrak ABCabc \mathbb ABC \text ABC \[ x\in \mathbf{r} \neq x\in \mathbb{r} \] x R x R 7 7.4 L A TEX 7.3 dx 7.3 dx dy dxdy \, dx\, dy dx dy \: dx\: dy dx dy \; dx\; dy dx dy \ dx\ dy dx dy \quad dx\quad dy dx dy 2 \qquad dx\qquad dy dx dy \! dx\!dy dxdy \[ \int\int f(x)dxdy \neq \int\!\!\!\int f(x)\ dx\ dy \] f (x)dxdy f (x) dx dy 7.5 103

7 L A TEX 2ε 7.5.1 L A TEX ^{ } _{ } 2 1 7.4 7.4 x^{a+b} x a+b {}^{a+b}x a+b x x_{a+b} x a+b {}_{a+b}x a+bx x^{a+b}_{c+d} x a+b c+d {}^{a}_{b}x a b x x^{a^{b}} x ab {}_{a}x_{b} ax b 7.4 $ {}^{a+b}_{x+y}a^{a+b}_{x+y} $ a+b x+ya a+b x+y ^ _ \sp \sb $ A^4_3 \neq A\sp4\sb3 $ A 4 3 A4 3 Harald harders leftidx \leftidx{ }{ }{ } \ltrans{ } \ltrans \begin{eqnarray*} {}_a^b\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)_c^d &\neq& \leftidx{_a^b}{\left(\frac{x}{y} \right)}{_c^d}\\ {}^\mathrm{t} A &\neq& \ltrans{a} \end{eqnarray*} b a ( ) d x y c b a t A t A ( ) d x y c 104

L A TEX 2ε 7.5 7.5.2 d d L A TEX 7.5 7.5 arccos \arccos cot \cot exp \exp lim inf \liminf sec \sec arcsin \arcsin coth \coth gcd \gcd lim sup \limsup sin \sin arctan \arctan csc \csc hom \hom log \log sinh \sinh arg \arg deg \deg inf \inf max \max sup \sup cos \cos det \det ker \ker min \min tan \tan cosh \cosh dim \dim lim \lim Pr \Pr tanh \tanh 7 \[ cos^2x+sin^2x \neq \cos^2x+\sin^2x \] cos 2 x + sin 2 x cos 2 x + sin 2 x \bmod \bmod{ } (2 ) \pmod{ } $ \mathrm M\bmod{\mathrm N} \neq \mathrm M\pmod{\mathrm N} $ M mod N M (mod N) 7.5.3 7.6 \begin{displaymath} \int^b_a f(x)dx \neq \sqrt{\frac{1}{f(x)}} \end{displaymath} b a f (x)dx 1 f (x) \begin{displaymath} \sqrt{\frac{1}{g(x)}+\sqrt{\int f(x)dx}} \end{displaymath} 1 g(x) + f (x)dx \begin{displaymath} \frac{1}{g(x)} + \frac{1}{2x^3+5x^2+8x+5} \end{displaymath} 1 g(x) + 1 2x 3 + 5x 2 + 8x + 5 105

7 L A TEX 2ε 7.6 \frac{ }{ } \sqrt{ } \sqrt[ ]{ } \int^{ }_{ } \sum^{ }_{ } \sum \int \limits \nolimits \limits \nolimits \limits \nolimits \begin{eqnarray*} \sum\nolimits^n_{k=0}k &\neq& \sum^n_{k=0}k\\ \int^b_a dx &\neq&\int\limits^b_a dx \end{eqnarray*} n b n k k k=0 dx k=0 b a a dx \begin{eqnarray*} \lim\nolimits_{n\rightarrow0}n &\neq& \lim_{n\rightarrow0} n \\ \prod^n_{i=1}n &\neq& \prod\nolimits^n_{i=1}n \end{eqnarray*} lim n 0 n lim n n 0 n n n i=1 i=1 n 7.5.4 L A TEX ( ) \left \right 106

L A TEX 2ε 7.5 \begin{displaymath} \left[ \Big(x+y\Big) \right] \end{displaymath} [( x + y )] 7.7 L A TEX 7.7 ( ( \rfloor \updownarrow { \lbrace ) ) \lfloor \Uparrow \rceil [ [ \arrowvert \Downarrow \lceil ] ] \Arrowvert \Updownarrow \lmoustache { \{ \Vert \ \backslash \rmoustache } \} \vert \rangle \lgroup \uparrow \langle \rgroup \ \downarrow } \rbrace \bracevert 7 \left \right \left \right 7.7 \begin{displaymath} \left( \frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{1+x}} \right) \end{displaymath} 1 1 + 1 1+x \[ \left\lmoustache \left\{ \left(\frac{1}{x}+1\right) +\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+2\right) \right\} \right\rmoustache \] {( ) ( 1 1 x + 1 + x )} + 2 2 \begin{displaymath} \left\uparrow \int f(x)dx \right\downarrow +\left\lgroup \int g(x)dx \right\rgroup \end{displaymath} f (x)dx + g(x)dx 7.8 107

7 L A TEX 2ε 7.8 / / ( ( ) ) \ / ( ) \big/ \bigl( \bigr) \bigm \bigm\ / ( ) \Big/ \Bigl( \Bigr) \Bigm \Bigm\ / ( ) \bigg/ \biggl( \biggr) \biggm \biggm\ / ( ) \Bigg/ \Biggl( \Biggr) \Biggm \Biggm\ \begin{displaymath} \Biggl\ \Biggl( \int f(x) dx \Biggr) \Biggm/ \Biggl( \int g(x) dx \Biggr) \Biggr\ \end{displaymath} ( ) / ( f (x)dx ) g(x)dx 7.8 \big \Big \bigl \bigm \bigr \big \big \left \right \[ \left\ \left( \int f(x) dx \right) \Biggm/ \left( \int g(x) dx \right) \right\ \] ( ) / ( f (x)dx ) g(x)dx. \[ \left( \left\uparrow \int f(x)dx + \int g(x)dx \right. \right) \] ( f (x)dx + ) g(x)dx 7.5.5 L A TEX array array math \[\] $$ array 108

L A TEX 2ε 7.5 \begin{array}{ } a 11 &... & a 1n \\. &... &. \\ a m1 &... & a mn \end{array} m n & \\ \begin{array}{ } 4 7 \begin{array}{lc cr} l c r array 7.9 array 7.9 array l 1 c 1 r 1 2 @{ } 1 p{ } *{ }{ } \[ \left( \begin{array}{cc} a & b \\ c & d \end{array} \right) \] ( a b c d ) array 109

7 L A TEX 2ε \[ \left( \begin{array}{*{2}{c}} a & b \\ c & d \end{array} \right) \left( \begin{array}{c} m \\ n \end{array} \right) = \left( \begin{array}{c} am+bn \\ cm+dn \\ \end{array} \right) \] ( a b c d ) ( m n ) = ( am + bn cm + dn ) array \[ f(x)= \left\{ \begin{array}{cl} x & (x > 0)\\ 0 & (x = 0)\\ -x & (x < 0) \end{array} \right. \] x (x > 0) f (x) = 0 (x = 0) x (x < 0) \hline \vline 7.10 7.10 \hline \hline\hline \vline \cline{ } \multicolumn{ }{ }{ } array 2 \begin{displaymath} \begin{array}{llc} \hline \multicolumn{3}{c}{f(x)} \\ \hline g(x) & h(x) & i(x) \\ \cline{2-2} j(x)+k(x)+l(x)+m(x)+n(x) & o(x) & p(x)\\ \end{array} \end{displaymath} f (x) g(x) h(x) i(x) j(x) + k(x) + l(x) + m(x) + n(x) o(x) p(x) 110

L A TEX 2ε 7.6 \begin{displaymath} \begin{array}{ll ll} a & b & c & d \\ \hline\hline e & g & h & i \\\cline{3-4} j & \multicolumn{1}{ l}k & l & m \\\hline n & o & \multicolumn{1}{l }p & q \\ r & s & t & \multicolumn{1}{ l }u \\ v & w & x & y \\ \hline\hline \end{array} \end{displaymath} a b c d e g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y array \matrix \pmatrix \matrix \bordermatrix \matrix \pmatrix amsmath matrix pmatrix 7 \[ \begin{pmatrix} x \\ y \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} a & b & c \end{pmatrix} \] ( ) x (a ) b c y \bordermatrix \& \cr \[ A=\ \bordermatrix{ & 1 & 2 \cr 1 & a & b \cr 2 & c & d } \] ( 1 2 ) 1 a b A = 2 c d 7.6 a b a b 7.11 7.11 a b a \displaystyle b \textstyle \scriptstyle a b \scriptscriptstyle a b a b 111

7 L A TEX 2ε a b a/b $f(x)$ $\int f(x)dx$ $\displaystyle \int f(x)dx$ {\LaTeX} $\frac{a}{b}$ $a/b$ f (x) f (x)dx f (x)dx L A TEX a a/b b \[ \frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{1+x}}} \neq \frac{1}{\displaystyle 1+ \frac{1}{\displaystyle 1+ \frac{1}{1+x}}} \] 1 1 + 1 1+ 1 1+x 1 + 1 1 1 + 1 1 + x $ \int^b_a f(x)dx \neq {\displaystyle\int^b_a g(x)dx} $ b a b f (x)dx g(x)dx a 7.7 ! Missing $ inserted. 7.7.1 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.12 α \alpha η \eta ν \nu τ \tau β \beta θ \theta ξ \xi υ \upsilon γ \gamma ι \iota o o φ \phi δ \delta κ \kappa π \pi χ \chi ɛ \epsilon λ \lambda ρ \rho ψ \psi ζ \zeta µ \mu σ \sigma ω \omega o o \o LaTeX Warning: Command \o invalid in math mode on input line 30. 112

L A TEX 2ε 7.7 \begin{eqnarray*} \cos^2\theta+\sin^2\theta &\neq& \cos^2x + \sin^2x \end{eqnarray*} cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ cos 2 x + sin 2 x 7.13 ε \varepsilon ϑ \vartheta ϖ \varpi ϱ \varrho ς \varsigma ϕ \varphi 7.14 7 A A H H N N T T B B Θ \Theta Ξ \Xi Υ \Upsilon Γ \Gamma I I O O Φ \Phi \Delta K K Π \Pi X X E E Λ \Lambda P P Ψ \Psi Z Z M M Σ \Sigma Ω \Omega \O LaTeX Warning: Command \O invalid in math mode on input line 40. A B E Z H I K M N O P T X \mathrm \begin{eqnarray*} A &\neq& \mathrm A \\ F(x)+C &\neq& F(x)+ \mathrm C \\ \mathit{foo}&\neq& \mathrm{foo} \end{eqnarray*} A A F(x) + C F(x) + C foo foo 113

7 L A TEX 2ε 7.7.2 7.15 \not \le \in \sqsupseteq \neq \prec \notin \dashv \doteq \preceq \ge \ni \propto \ll \succ \equiv = \models \subset \succeq \sim \perp \subseteq \gg \simeq \mid \sqsubseteq \supset \asymp \parallel \vdash \supseteq \approx \bowtie \smile \frown \cong 7.16 2 ± \pm \cdot \ \setminus \ominus \mp \cap \wr \otimes \times \cup \diamond \oslash \div \uplus \bigtriangleup \odot \ast \sqcap \bigtriangledown \bigcirc \star \sqcup \triangleleft \dagger \circ \vee \triangleright \ddagger \bullet \wedge \oplus \amalg 7.17 \sum \oint \bigvee \bigoplus \prod \bigcup \bigwedge \bigotimes \coprod \bigcap \bigodot \int \bigsqcup \biguplus $ \vec{a}+\vec{b}\neq \vec{a+b} \neq \overrightarrow{a+b} $ a + b a + b a + b 114

L A TEX 2ε 7.7 7.18 â \hat{a} ǎ \check{a} ă \breve{a} á \acute{a} à \grave{a} ã \tilde{a} ā \bar{a} ȧ \dot{a} ä \ddot{a} a \vec{a} 7.19 m + M { }} { \overline m + M \overbrace m + M \underline m } {{ + M } m + M \overleftarrow m + M m + M \overrightarrow m + M \underbrace \widehat \widetilde 7 \begin{displaymath} \overbrace{a+b+c+d+e+f+g}^{h+i+j+k}+ \underbrace{l+m+n}_{o+p+q} \end{displaymath} h+i+ j+k { }} { a + b + c + d + e + f + g + l + m + n } {{ } o+p+q 7.20 \leftarrow \longrightarrow \leftrightarrow \Leftarrow = \Longrightarrow \Leftrightarrow \hookleftarrow \longmapsto \rightleftharpoons \leftharpoonup \hookrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow \leftharpoondown \rightharpoonup \updownarrow \longleftarrow \rightharpoondown \Updownarrow = \Longleftarrow \uparrow \nearrow \rightarrow \Uparrow \swarrow \Rightarrow \downarrow \searrow \mapsto \Downarrow \nwarrow \begin{displaymath} (p\rightarrow r)\vee (q\rightarrow s) \end{displaymath} (p r) (q s) \[ \forall{x}\forall{y}( P(x,y)\vee(f(x)\wedge g(x))) \] x y(p(x, y) ( f (x) g(x))) 115

7 L A TEX 2ε 7.21 ℵ \aleph \partial \bot \natural \hbar \infty \angle \sharp ı \imath \prime \triangle \clubsuit j \jmath \emptyset \forall \diamondsuit l \ell \nabla \exists \heartsuit \wp \surd \neg \spadesuit R \Re \ \backslash I \Im \top \flat $ e^{j\theta}=\re{\{e^{j\theta}\}} +\Im{\{e^{j\theta}\}} =\cos\theta+j\sin\theta$ e jθ = R{e jθ } + I{e jθ } = cos θ + j sin θ 7.22... \ldots \cdots. \vdots... \ddots \[ (a_0+a_1+\cdots+a_n) \neq \{a_0,a_1,\ldots,a_n\} \] (a 0 + a 1 + + a n ) {a 0, a 1,..., a n } 7.7.3 L A TEX 2ε Frank Mittelbach latexsym amssymb amsfonts latexsym 7.23 \mho \Join \Box \Diamond \leadsto \sqsubset \sqsupset \lhd \unlhd \rhd \unrhd 7.8 \theorem \newtheorem{ }{ }[ ] \newtheorem{ }[ ]{ } 116

L A TEX 2ε 7.8 6.2 \newtheorem{prob}{ }[chapter] \newtheorem{exe}[prob]{ } \begin{exe}\label{hoge:ware} \end{exe} \begin{prob}\label{geho:yueni} hoge \end{prob} ~\ref{hoge:ware} ~\ref{geho:yueni} 7.1 7.2 hoge 7.1 7.2 7 \theorem 7.8.1 Frank Mittelbach theorem L A TEX \theorem AMS- L A TEX amsthm Frank Mittelbach theorem L A TEX \theorem \newtheorem{ }{ } \newtheorem{ }{ }[ ] \newtheorem{ }[ ]{ } theorem \theoremstyle{ } \theorembodyfont{ } \theoremheaderfont{ } 117

7 L A TEX 2ε plain break margin change marginbreak changebreak \theorem margin change theorem 2.1 2.2 2.3 {\theorembodyfont{\normalfont} \theoremheaderfont{\normalfont\bfseries} \newtheorem{exam}{ } \newtheorem{refer}[exam]{ } \newtheorem{prob}[exam]{ }} 7.9 %\usepackage{txfonts} \[ \int f(x)dx + \int g(y)dy + \iint h(x,y)dxdy \] f (x)dx + g(y)dy + h(x, y)dxdy \intx \iintxy \newcommand{\intx}[1]{\int#1dx} \newcommand{\inty}[1]{\int#1dy} \newcommand{\iintxy}[1]{\iint#1dxdy} \[\intx{f(x)}+\inty{g(y)}+\iintxy{h(x,y)}\] f (x)dx + g(y)dy + h(x, y)dxdy dy/dx + P(x)y = Q(x) \[ y=e^{-\int P(x)dx}\left\{ \int{q(x)e^{\int P(x)dx}dx+\mathrm{c}} \right\} \] { y = e P(x)dx } P(x)dx Q(x)e dx + c P(x) Q(x) \newcommand{\my}{% \ensuremath{dy/dx+p(x)y=q(x)}} \newcommand{\mypq}[2]{\ensuremath{% e^{\int{#1}dx}\left\{\int{{#2}% e^{\int{#1}dx}dx+\mathrm{c}}\right\}}} $P(x)=x^2+\pi$ $Q(x)=e^x$ {\my} $y$ \[\mypq{(x^2+\pi)}{e^x}\] P(x) = x 2 +π Q(x) = e x dy/dx+p(x)y = Q(x) y { } e (x 2 +π)dx e x (x e 2 +π)dx dx + c 118

L A TEX 2ε 7.9 \newcommand{\macl}[2][x]{\ensuremath{% f(#2)+\frac{1}{1!}f (#2)(#1-#2)+% \frac{1}{2!}f (#2)(#1-#2)^2+\cdots+% \frac{1}{k!}f^{(k)}(#2)(#1-#2)^k+\cdots}} \newcommand{\macl}[2][x]{\ensuremath{% \sum^{\infty}_{k=0}\frac{1}{k!}% f^{(k)}(#2)(#1-#2)^k}} $f(z)$ $z=0$ $\macl[z]{0}$ $\Macl[z]{0}$ $z=0$ \[ f(z)=\sum^{\infty}_{k=0}\frac{1}{k!} f^{(k)}(0)z^k \] \[ \frac{\partial{f}}{\partial{x}}+ \frac{\partial^2{f}}{\partial{x}^2}+ \frac{\partial^3{f}}{\partial{x}^3} \] f (z) z = 0 f (0) + 1 f (0)(z 0)+ 1 f (0)(z 0) 2 + + 1 f (k) (0)(z 0) k + 1! 2! k! k=0 1 f (k) (0)(z 0) k z = 0 k! 1 f (z) = k! f (k) (0)z k k=0 f x + 2 f x 2 + 3 f x 3 7 \newcommand{\pdif}[3][]{\ensuremath{\frac{% \partial^{#1}{#2}}{\partial{#3}^{#1}}}} \[ \pdif{f}{x}+\pdif[2]{f}{x} \] f x + 2 f x 2 \newcommand{\pdif}[3][]{\ensuremath{\frac{% \partial^{#1}{#2}}{\partial{#3}^{#1}}}} \[ \pdif[2]{f}{x} + \pdif{\sp2f}{xy} + \pdif[2]{f}{y} \] 2 f x + 2 f 2 xy + 2 f y 2 \partial \frac 7.9.1 = def def = \stackrel 119

7 L A TEX 2ε \stackrel{ }{ } \newcommand{\defeq}{% \stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}} $ x \defeq p(t)+q(t)+r(t) $ x def = p(t) + q(t) + r(t) \substack amsmath \begin{displaymath} \sum^l_{i=1} \sum^m_{j=1} \sum^n_{k=1} p_i q_j r_k \neq \sum_{ \substack{i\le 1\le l \\ j\le 1 \le m \\ k\le 1 \le n}} p_i q_j r_k \end{displaymath} l m n p i q j r k p i q j r k i=1 j=1 k=1 i 1 l j 1 m k 1 n 7.9.2 \ooalign \crcr {\ooalign{ \crcr }} \hss \not \newcommand{\cnot}[1]{\ooalign{ \crcr{\hss{#1}\hss}}} \newcommand{\pile}[2]{% {\ooalign{#1\crcr#2}}} \newcommand{\cpile}[2]{{\ooalign{{% \hss#1\hss}\crcr{\hss#2\hss}}}} \newcommand{\cnot}[1]{% \ooalign{ \crcr{\hss{#1}\hss}}} $\pile Y=$ $\cpile Y=$ \cnot{a} \pile/a Y= Y= A /A 7.9.3 \mathbf 120

L A TEX 2ε 7.9 \boldmath \unboldmath amsmath amsbsy \boldsymbol bm \bm txfonts pxfonts \boldmath \unboldmath $\mathbf{\int^a_b f(x)dx} \neq$ \boldmath $\int^a_b f(x)dx \neq$ \unboldmath$\int^a_b f(x)dx $ a f(x)dx a f(x)dx a f (x)dx b b b \mathbf amsbsy 7 \boldsymbol $\mathbf{\int^a_b f(x)dx} \neq \boldsymbol{\int^a_b f(x)dx} \neq \int^a_b f(x)dx $ a f(x)dx a f(x)dx a f (x)dx b b b amsbsy bm \bm $\mathbf{\int^a_b f(x)dx} \bm{\int^a_b f(x)dx} \neq \int^a_b f(x)dx $ \neq a f(x)dx a f(x)dx a f (x)dx b b b \bm 7.9.4 \mathstrut \[ \overline{\sqrt a + \sqrt b \neq \sqrt{\mathstrut a}+ \sqrt{\mathstrut b}} \] a + b a + b \mathstrut \phantom \vphantom \hphantom \phantom \vhpantom \hphantom 121

7 L A TEX 2ε \[ \sqrt{\int f(x)dx}+\sqrt{g(x)}\neq \sqrt{\int f(x)dx}+\sqrt{% \vphantom{\int f(x)dx} g(x)} \] f (x)dx + g(x) f (x)dx + g(x) \smash 0 \smash \vphantom 0 \vphantom \[ \underbrace{a+b}+\underbrace{i+j}\neq \underbrace{\smash{a+b}\vphantom{i+j}} + \underbrace{i+j} \] }{{} a + b + }{{} i + j }{{} a + b + }{{} i + j 7.9.5 \frac a b a/b \[ \frac{\frac{a}{b}}{c}\neq \frac{a/b}{c} \] a b c a/b c / \begin{displaymath} \frac{\frac{a-b}{c}}{d} \neq \frac{a-b/c}{d} \neq \frac{(a-b)/c}{d} \end{displaymath} a b c d a b/c (a b)/c d d \begin{displaymath} \frac{x+f(x)}{x-g(x)} \neq (x+f(x))/(x-g(x)) \neq \bigl(x+f(x)\bigr)\bigm/\bigl(x-g(x)\bigr) \end{displaymath} x + f (x) x g(x) (x + f (x))/(x g(x)) ( x + f (x) ) / ( x g(x) ) 7.9.6 \cases amsmath cases \begin{cases} 1 \\ 2 \\... \end{cases} 122

L A TEX 2ε 7.9 $ f(x) = \begin{cases} \,x & \quad(x>0)\\ \,0 & \quad(x=0)\\ \,-x & \quad(x<0) \end{cases} $ x (x > 0) f (x) = 0 (x = 0) x (x < 0) \choose \choose \brack \brace \atop \choose 7 \[ {a+b\choose x+y}\neq {a+b\brack x+y} \neq {a+b\brace x+y} \neq {a+b\atop x+y} \] ( ) a + b x + y [ ] a + b x + y { } a + b a + b x + y x + y 7.9.7 \emph{fool} $fool$ \[ fool \neq \mathit{fool}. \] fool f ool f ool fool. fool L A TEX $10\times5,000=50,000$ \par $10\times5{,}000=50{,}000$ \par 10 5, 000 = 50, 000 10 5,000 = 50,000,! \, \[ \frac{(p-1)! (q-1)! (r-1)!} {p! q! r!} \neq \frac{(p-2)!\,(q-3)!\,(r-4)!} {\,p!\,q!\,r!} \] (p 1)!(q 1)!(r 1)! p!q!r! (p 2)! (q 3)! (r 4)! p! q! r!! \textit 123

7 L A TEX 2ε \mathit \textit{this is text mode?!}\par $\mathit{is\ this\ text\ mode?!}$\par $\mathit{is this text mode?!}$\par $Is this text mode?!$ This is text mode?! Is this text mode?! Isthistextmode?! Isthistextmode?!? 7.9.8 \newcommand{\law}[1]{\mathop{\hbox% to5em{\rightarrowfill}}\limits#1} \newcommand{\raw}[1]{\mathop{\hbox% to5em{\leftarrowfill}}\limits#1} \newcommand{\rar}[2]{% \Biggm#1{\scriptstyle#2}} \newcommand{\lar}[2]{% {\scriptstyle#2}\biggm#1}%% \[ \begin{array}{rcl} A & \law{\sp a} & B\\ \lar{\downarrow}{f} & \rule{5em}{0pt} & \rar{\uparrow}{g} \\ C & \raw{\sb b} & D\\ \end{array} \] f A C a b B g D 124

8 63 L A TEX 8 8.1 L A TEX 8.1 L A TEX L A TEX tabular table picture 8.1 figure table figure table figure L A TEX L A TEX 8.2 table figure figure \begin{figure}[htbp] 125

8 L A TEX 2ε 8.2 h t b p! \end{figure} \caption \caption{ \label{ } } figure table 8.2 L A TEX tabbing tabular array tabular array 7.5.5 tabbing tabular tabular tabular \begin{tabular}{ } a 11 &... & a 1n \\. &... &. \\ a m1 &... & a mn \end{tabular} 126

L A TEX 2ε 8.2 tabular tablar 8.3 tabular 8.3 tabular l 1 c 1 r 1 2 @{ } 1 p{ } *{ }{ } 8 & \\ 1 3 \begin{tabular}{ccc} \LaTeX2.09 & \LaTeXe & \LaTeX3\\ \end{tabular} L A TEX2.09 L A TEX 2ε L A TEX3 \hline \vline 8.4 \hline \multicolumn 8.4 tabular \hline \hline\hline \vline \cline{ } \multicolumn{ }{ }{ } 2 \begin{tabular}{ c c c } \hline \multicolumn{3}{ c }{{\LaTeX}} \\\hline \LaTeX2.09 & \LaTeXe & \LaTeX3 \\\hline \end{tabular} L A TEX L A TEX2.09 L A TEX 2ε L A TEX3 127

8 L A TEX 2ε \begin{tabular}{ ccc c c } \hline & \multicolumn{1}{ c}{ } & & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & \\ & \multicolumn{1}{ c }{} & & & \\ \cline{2-2} & & & & \\\cline{1-2} & \multicolumn{1}{c }{} & & & \\ \cline{2-2} & & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} & & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} \\ \hline \end{tabular} \begin{table}[htpb] \begin{center} \caption{ }\label{tab:tabular:example} \begin{tabular}{llcr} \hline & 1 & 2 & 3 \\ \hline \LaTeX & \LaTeX2.09 & {\LaTeXe}& \LaTeX3 \\\hline \end{tabular} \end{center} \end{table} 8.5 8.5 1 2 3 L A TEX L A TEX2.09 L A TEX 2ε L A TEX3 mytab \newenvironment{mytab}[3][htbp] {\begin{table}[#1]\begin{center}\caption{#2}\label{#3}} {\end{center}\end{table}} \begin{mytab}[htbp]{ }{tab:hoge} \begin{tabular}{lll} \LaTeX2.09 & \LaTeXe & \LaTeX3\\ \end{tabular} \end{mytab} 128

L A TEX 2ε 8.2 8.2.1 tabular \footnotemark \footnotetext \footnotemark[ ] \footnotetext[ ]{ } \footnotemark \footnotetext \begin{tabular}{ c c c } \hline \footnotemark[1] & \footnotemark[2] & \footnotemark[3]\\ \hline \end{tabular} \footnotetext[1]{.} \footnotetext[2]{.} \footnotetext[3]{.} \\ * 1 * 2 * 3 a. b. c. 8 \begin{tabular}{ c c c }\hline ${}^{a}$ & ${}^{b}$ & ${}^{c}$\\\hline \end{tabular} \\{\small${}^{a}$.} \\{\small${}^{b}$.} \\{\small${}^{c}$.} a b c a. b. c. 8.2.2 tabular tabular tabular t b c \newcommand{\testtab}[1][c]{~ ~ \begin{tabular}[#1]{ c } \hline \\ \\ \hline\end{tabular}} \testtab \testtab[t] \testtab[b] 129

8 L A TEX 2ε 8.2.3 L A TEX 0 GUI L A TEX tabular Microsoft Excel Excel2latex http://www32.ocn.ne.jp/~butcher_bird/mac/excel.html Exel2tabular http://www.ne.jp/asahi/i/love/e2t/ Microsoft Excel L A TEX Microsoft Excel OpenOffice.org Calc Calc2LaTeX http://web.hc.keio.ac.jp/~fr000056/calc2latex/indexj.html Calc tabular L A TEX 8.3 L A TEX PDF Dvipdfmx PostScript dvips 2 L A TEX picture L A TEX [29] L A TEX [30] Encapsulated PostScript EPS graphicx EPS Photoshop Illustrator Gnuplot Mathematica Matlab CAD Unix OS L A TEX Tgif Ngraph Windows Cygwin XFree86 Canna 130

L A TEX 2ε 8.3 8.3.1 EPS EPS Encapsulated PostScript Adobe Post- Script EPS dvips PS Dvipdfmx 1 Ghostscript pdfwrite EPS PDF PDF L A TEX EPS 1. EPS 256 8 PostScript 2 2. graphicx \usepackage[ ]{graphicx} PS dvips PDF Dvipdfmx dvipdfm 3. \includegraphics \includegraphics[ ]{ } 8.6 8 8.6 graphicx width= 100 mm height= 100 mm angle= 0 < < 360 scale= 0 < Ghostscript examples golfer.eps EPS EPS golfer.eps L A TEX golfer.eps L A TEX \usepackage[]{graphicx} document \includegraphics[width=5cm]{golfer.eps} platex DVI file.dvi 131

8 L A TEX 2ε L A TEX L A TEX graphicx JPG BMP EPS L A TEX graphicx graphicx 1 \usepackage{graphicx} PostScript DVI PDF Windows PDF Dvipdfmx Dvipdfmx \usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphicx} Dvipdfmx graphicx dvipdfm dvipdfmx Unix OS PostScript \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} dvipsk pdvips dvips xdvi dviout dviout dviout GRAPHIC/LATEX2E/dviout.def $TEXMF/tex/latex/graphics/ dvips xdvi dvipdf dvipdfm pdftex dvipsone dviwindo emtex dviwin pctexps pctexwin pctexhp pctex32 truetex tcidvi vtex oztex textures graphicx.def \includegraphics \includegraphics[ ]{ } Windows dviout EPS 1 EPS PDF Dvipdfmx Unix OS 132

L A TEX 2ε 8.3 EPS dvips \documentclass{jarticle} \usepackage[ ]{graphicx} \begin{document} \includegraphics{ } \end{document} dviout EPS Ghostscript EPS PDF dviout Ghostscript height= totalheight= width= scale= angle= bb= bb=0 0 640 480 (0, 0) 640 480 noclip clip draft keepaspectratio graphicx 8 \begin{figure}[htbp] \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=10cm]{images/file.eps} \caption{ }\label{fig:samplefig} \end{center} \end{figure} myfig \newcommand{myfig}[4][width=.8\textwidth]{% \begin{figure}[htbp]% \centering\includegraphics[#1]{#2}% 133

8 L A TEX 2ε \caption{#3}\label{fig:#4}% \end{figure}} ~\ref{fig:sample} \myfig[width=100pt,clip]{images/file.eps}{ }{sample} DVI 3.1 90 \rotatebox \rotatebox[ ]{ } \includegraphics angle \rotatebox origin= l r c t b x= y= x y \rotatebox{70}{ } \rotatebox[origin=c]{60}{ } \rotatebox[origin=b]{50}{ } \rotatebox{30}{ } \scalebox \scalebox{ }[ ]{ } \scalebox{2.3}{ }\par \scalebox{3}[1]{ } \reflectbox \reflectbox{ } 134

L A TEX 2ε 8.3 \reflectbox{ }\par \reflectbox{ }\par \scalebox{-1}[1]{ } LATEX \resizebox \resizebox{ }{ }{ }! \resizebox{!}{1cm}{ }\par \resizebox{3cm}{!}{ } \rotatebox \scalebox \reflectbox \resizebox 8 minipage \newcommand{\testtab}{\begin{tabular}{ c } \hline \LaTeX\\ \LaTeXe \\ \hline % \end{tabular}} \rotatebox{80}{\testtab}~ \reflectbox{\testtab} L A TEX L A TEX 2ε LATEX 2ε 8.3.2 1 Excel PowerPoint 3 PS Windows 1. EPS-Conv ImageMagick EPS 2. PostScript eps2eps 3. A4 graphicx Microsoft Excel 1. Windows [ ] [ ] HP 135

8 L A TEX 2ε Color Laser Jet PS hoge.eps.eps Ghostscript GSView 2. [ ] A4 [ ] 0 [ ] [ ] 3. [ ] [ ] OK EPS..eps 4. filename.eps L A TEX graphicx \includegraphics[scale=0.4,angle=-90]{filename} A4 0.4 90 L A TEX 2 4 L A TEX Excel TrueType 8.3.3 Mathematica Illustrator 135 8.3.2 Excel L A TEX graphicx 136

L A TEX 2ε 8.3 Illustrator ver.8 [ ] Illustrator EPS EPS PostScript level 2 8-bit IBM PC Illustrator Tomas Rokicki fixill.pl Perl Perl fixill < input.eps > output.eps photoshop ver.7 [ ] [ ] Photoshop EPS ASCII Mathematica ver.4 MATLAB [ ] [ ] [TeX(X)] L A TEX 2ε EPS filename.eps Mathematica EPS L A TEX filename.eps %%BoundingBox: 91.5625 3.1875 321.938 190 2 x 0 y 0 x y MATLAB [ ] [ ] EPS Level 2 Illustrator 8 8.3.4 2 1 (a) (b) minipage \begin{figure}[htbp] \begin{minipage}{.47\textwidth} \centering% (a) (a) $c=0.6$ \end{minipage} 137

8 L A TEX 2ε \hfill \begin{minipage}{.47\textwidth} \centering% (b) (b) $c=1.0$ \end{minipage} \caption{1 } \end{figure} 8.3.5 EPS L A TEX EPS GIF BMP JPEG EPS ImageMagick Windows EPS-Conv http://hp.vector.co.jp/authors/va023018/ EPS EPS Dvipdfmx EPS PDF JPEG PNG MetaPost 4 Windows BMP JPEG image.png ebb image.png image.png image.bb ebb dvipdfm image.bb image.bb %%Title:./image.png %%Creator: ebb Version 0.5.2 %%BoundingBox: 0 0 595 841 BoundingBox \documentclass{jsarticle} \usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphicx} \begin{document} \includegraphics[width=3cm]{image.png} \end{document} 138

L A TEX 2ε 8.3 DVI Dvipdfmx PDF 8.3.6 EPS PDF Dvipdfmx EPS Dvipdfmx Ghostscript EPS PDF PDF EPS PDF Ghostscript pdfwrite BoundingBox EPS epstopdf PDF epstopdf filename.eps filename.pdf EPS GNU Ghostscript 7.07 epspdf 8 #!/bin/bash FILE=$1 fig= basename $FILE.eps epstopdf $FILE egrep "%%BoundingBox:" $FILE > $fig.bb /usr/local/bin/ epspdf filename.eps PDF filename.pdf filename.bb EPS PDF #!/bin/sh for f in ls *.eps ; do fig= basename $f.eps epstopdf $f grep "^%%BoundingBox:" $f > $fig.bb done epspdfs PDF L A TEX \documentclass{jsarticle} \usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphicx} \begin{document} \includegraphics{filename.pdf} \end{document} 139

8 L A TEX 2ε 8.4 L A TEX graphicx 1 graphicx 8.3 L A TEX \special L A TEX TEX L A TEX picture 8.4.1 L A TEX verbatim verbatim DVI \begin{verbatim} \end{verbatim} verbatim plain2 L A TEX 8.4.2 3 2 + 1 Illustrator 140

L A TEX 2ε 8.4 Illustrator Illustrator n i P i = (x i, y i ) (8.1) (8.2) n 1 P(u) = P i B i,n (u) (8.1) B(u) = i=0 n! i! (n i)! ui (1 u) n i (8.2) Type1 2 P 0 = ( 1, 1) P 1 = (0, 0) P 2 = (1, 1) (8.1) (8.2) P(u) = P 0 B 0,2 + P 1 B 1,2 + P 1 B 1,2 = P 0 (1 u) 2 + P 1 2u(1 u) + P 2 u 2 (8.3) 8 (8.3) u 3 8.1 L A TEX picture y P 0 P 2 P 1 O x 8.1 L A TEX 8.4.3 picture L A TEX picture picture \unitlength 141

8 L A TEX 2ε \begin{picture}(x, y)(x 0, y 0 ) \end{picture} picture picture (x, y) (x 0, y 0 ) (x, y) picture x y (x 0, y 0 ) \put \multiput x y \unitlength \put(x, y){ } \multiput(x, y)( x, y){ }{ } \put (x, y) \multiput (x, y) ( x, y) ( x, y) 2 \qbezier \qbezier(x 1, y 1 )(x 2, y 2 )(x 3, y 3 ) (x 1, y 1 ) (x 2, y 2 ) (x 3, y 3 ) 2 \line(x, y){ } \vector(x, y){ } \circle*{ } \oval(, )[ ] \line (x, y) \vector \line \circle* * \oval \setlength{\unitlength}{1mm} \begin{picture}(40,30) \put(10,10){\line(1,1){10}} \put(10,0){\vector(1,1){10}} \put(20,20){\circle{5}} \end{picture} \oval t b l r 142

L A TEX 2ε 8.4 \setlength{\unitlength}{1mm} \begin{picture}(50,30) \put(8,12){\oval(10,15)[tl]} \put(8,8){\oval(10,15)[bl]} \put(10,10){\oval(10,15)} \put(12,12){\oval(10,15)[tr]} \put(12,8){\oval(10,15)[br]} \end{picture} picture \thinlines \thicklines \thinilnes \thicklines picture \setlength{\unitlength}{1mm} \begin{picture}(50,30) \thicklines \put(10,10){\line(1,1){10}} \put(10,20){\vector(1,1){10}} \thinlines \put(10,0){\vector(1,1){10}} \put(20,20){\circle{5}} \end{picture} 8 8.4.4 picture 1 epic L A TEX picture picture picture L A TEX 1980 Sunil Podar epic picture epic L A TEX picture \multiputlist \matrixput \grid \picsquare \dottedline \dashline \drawline \jput \putfile dottedjoin dashjoin drawjoin ( x, y) \multiputlist \multiputlist(x, y)( x, y)[ tbrl ]{ } \matrixput \matrixput(x, y)( x 1, y 1 ){ n 1 }( x 2, y 2 ){ n 2 }{ } 143

8 L A TEX 2ε \setlength{\unitlength}{1pt} \begin{picture}(150,110)(0,0) \multiputlist(0,0)(15,10)% {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} \matrixput(0,0)(20,0){7}(0,20){5}%% {\mbox{ }} \end{picture} 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 10 \grid \grid(, )(, )[ x,y ] \dottedline[ ]{ }(x 1, y 1 )(x 2, y 2 ) (x n, y n ) \dashline{ }[ ](x 1, y 1 )(x 2, y 2 ) (x n, y n ) \drawline(x 1, y 1 )(x 2, y 2 ) (x n, y n ) \dottedline \dashline \drawline \setlength{\unitlength}{1pt} \begin{picture}(150,120)(0,0) \put(0,0){\grid(100,100)(25,25)[0,0]} \dottedline[$\heartsuit$]{10}(0,0)(100,100) \dashline{3}(0,80)(30,50)(50,45)(100,20) \drawline(0,70)(10,60)(30,40)(100,50) \end{picture} 0 25 50 75 100 100 100 75 75 50 50 25 25 0 0 0 25 50 75 100 8.4.5 picture 2 eepic Sunil Podar epic Conrad Kwok eepic epic \usepackage{epic,eepic} epic L A TEX picture \line \circle* \oval epic eepic Tpic Tpic dviout dvips Dvipdfmx Tpic 144

L A TEX 2ε 8.4 \allinethickness{ } \Thicklines \allinethickness picture \Thicklines \thicklines \begin{picture}(100,100)(0,0) \thinlines \put(0,0){\vector(1,0){70}} \thicklines\put(0,0){\vector(1,1){70}} \put(0,0){\vector(0,1){70}} \Thicklines\put(0,0){\vector(2,1){70}} \end{picture} eepic \drawline \path \qbezier \spline \spline Chaikin 8 \path(x 1, y 1 )(x 2, y 2 ) (x n, y n ) \spline(x 1, y 1 )(x 2, y 2 ) (x n, y n ) \setlength{\unitlength}{1pt} \begin{picture}(150,100)(0,0) \path(0,60)(25,100)(100,25)(150,50)% (100,100)(25,0)(55,75) \Thicklines \spline(0,60)(25,100)(100,25)(150,50)% (100,100)(25,0)(55,75) \end{picture} \ellipse \arc \ellipse*{ }{ } \arc{ }{ }{ } [0, π/2] [, + 2π] \filltype \circle* \ellipse* black white shade \filltype{ } 145

8 L A TEX 2ε \begin{picture}(150,100)(0,0) \filltype{shade} \put(10,50){\ellipse*{50}{30}} \filltype{black} \put(50,50){\ellipse*{30}{50}} \put(80,50){\ellipse{45}{65}} \end{picture} 8.4.6 picture 3 pict2e Hubert Gäßlein Rolf Niepraschk pict2e picture 2003 picture dvips xdvi pdftex vtex dvipdfm picture \circle \cbezier \qbezier(x, y)(x, y)(x, y) \cbezier(x, y)(x, y)(x, y)(x, y) \qbezier 2 \cbezier 3 \setlength{\unitlength}{1pt} \begin{picture}(100,100)(0,0) \qbezier(0,0)(50,100)(100,0) \cbezier(0,0)(25,200)(75,0)(100,100) \end{picture} 8.5 8.5.1 Tpic Unix OS Brian Kernighan PIC Tim Morgan TEX Tpic Unix OS PIC PIC Tpic 146

L A TEX 2ε 8.5 TEX \special Tpic Tpic Tpic dvips dviout Dvipdfmx 8.2 PIC hoge.pic PIC file pic Tpic file input L A TEX file L A TEX DVI special Picture 8.2 Tpic.PS box "PIC file" arrow "pic" above box "\textsc{tpic} file" arrow "input" above dashed box "{\LaTeX} file" arrow "{\LaTeX}" above box "DVI" arrow "special" above dashed ellipse "Picture" fill.pe 8 hoge.pic pic TEX -t pic -t hoge.pic > hoge.tex hoge.tex \graph file.tex \input{hoge} \begin{center} {\box\graph} \end{center} figure 8.5.2 Donald Knuth METAFONT John Hobby EPS METAPOST METAFONT TEX 147

8 L A TEX 2ε file.gf METAPOST EPS file.n METAPOST METAPOST METAFONT Donald Knuth METAFONTbook [48] METAFONT mf This is METAFONT, Version 2.7182 (Web2C 7.3.9) ** * \relax ** * drawdot (0,0); showit; <ENTER> * draw (0,0)..(100,0); showit; * draw (0,100)..(100,100)..(100,0); showit; <ENTER> end. METAPOST mp mpost METAPOST hoge.mp beginfig(1) u=100; draw (u,u)--(2u,u)--(2u,2u)..cycle; draw (u,u)..(2u,u)..(2u,2u)..(u,2u)..cycle; endfig; end. mpost hoge.mp 148

L A TEX 2ε 8.5 8.3 METAPOST EPS hoge.1 Ghostscript 8.3 METAPOST mpost jmpost ptex Windows jmpost 8 8.5.3 PSTricks Timothy Zandt PSTricks \special PostScript PostScript TEX/L A TEX PostScript dvips PostScript PSTricks 70 L A TEX [30] 4 pstricks grahics color pst-col pst-all \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} \usepackage[dvips,usenames]{pst-col} \usepackage{pst-all} 3 EPS II PSTricks Dvipdfmx pstricks EPS \documentclass{jsarticle} \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} 149

8 L A TEX 2ε \usepackage[dvips,usenames]{pst-col} \usepackage{pst-all} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{pspicture}(100,100) \end{pspicture} \end{document} fig1.tex platex fig1 dvipsk -Pdl -E -o fig1.eps fig1 epstopdf fig1.eps egrep "ˆ L A TEX PDF fig1.pdf graphicx \includegraphics %\usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphicx} \includegrpahics[bb={0 0 100 100}]{fig1.pdf} CV Radhakrishnan CV Rajagopal pdftricks pdftex PSTricks pl A TEX pdftricks pst2pdf for f in $FIGURES ; do latex $fig dvips -Ppdf -E -o $fig.eps $fig epstopdf $fig.eps done latex platex dvips epstopdf PDF egrep "^%%BoundingBox:" $FILE > $fig.bb 1 150

9 LATEX 9.1 9.1.1 L A TEX 9.1 layout document \layout 9 \voffset 0 1 \voffset -1in \hoffset 1 \oddsidemargin oneside \oddsidemargin \evensidemargin twoside oneside \topmargin \voffset \headheight \headsep \footskip \textheight 151

9 3 9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε 4 5 6 Header 2 Body 7 Margin Notes 10 11 8 1 Footer 1 one inch + \hoffset 2 one inch + \voffset 3 \oddsidemargin = 62pt 4 \topmargin = 20pt 5 \headheight = 12pt 6 \headsep = 25pt 7 \textheight = 592pt 8 \textwidth = 327pt 9 \marginparsep = 10pt 10 \marginparwidth = 106pt 11 \footskip = 30pt \marginparpush = 5pt (not shown) \hoffset = 0pt \voffset = 0pt \paperwidth = 597pt \paperheight = 845pt 9.1 152

L A TEX 2ε 9.1 \textwidth \marginparwidth \marginparpush \marginparsep \columnsep \columnseprule 2 2 1 1 \setlength{\textwidth}{33zw} \setlength{\textheight}{40\baselineskip} geometry \linewidth 9 \begin{quote} linewidth=\the\linewidth \begin{quote} linewidth=\the\linewidth \end{quote} \end{quote} linewidth=176.52332pt linewidth=158.02957pt 9.1.2 1 \pagestyle{ } \pagestyle 9.1 myheadings 9.1 empty plain headings myheadings 153

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε \markright { } \markboth { }{ } \markright \markboth 2004 \pagestyle{myheadings} \markboth{ }{2004 } 1 \thispagestyle{ } \pagenumbering{ } 1 9.2 9.2 arabic 1, 2, 3,... roan i, ii, iii,... Roman I, II, III,... alph a, b, c,..., z Alph A, B, C,..., Z 26 27 9.1.3 2 L A TEX Piet Oostrum fancyhdr fancyhdr fancyheadings fancyhdr \usepackage{fancyhdr} \pagestyle{fancy} fancyhdr 154

L A TEX 2ε 9.1 \lhead \chead \rhead \headrulewidth \footrulewidth \lfoot \cfoot \rfoot \lhead \chead \rhead \lfoot \cfoot \rfoot \headrulewidth \footrulewidth \def\headrulewidth{\iffloatpage{0pt}{.4pt}} \lhead jarticle 9 \lhead{} \chead{} \rhead{ } \lfoot{ } \cfoot{} \rfoot{\textbf{\thepage}} \def\headrulewidth{.4pt} \def\footrulewidth{.4pt} jbook twoside 1 1.1 2 1.2 1 3 EL(H) EC(H) ER(H) EL(F) EC(F) ER(F) OL(H) OC(H) OR(H) OL(F) OC(F) OR(F) \fancyhead \fancyfoot 155

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε \documentclass{jbook} \usepackage{fancyhdr} \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead[er,ol]{\rightmark} \fancyhead[el,or]{\leftmark} \fancyfoot[ec,oc]{\textbf{\thepage}} \chaptermark \sectionmark fancyhdr \def\chaptermark#1{\markboth{% \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne \if@mainmatter \@chapapp\thechapter\@chappos\hskip1zw \fi \fi #1}{}}% \def\sectionmark#1{\markright{% \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\z@ \thesection \hskip1zw\fi #1}}% 9.1.4 / / \AtEndDocument{\label{lastpage}} \makeatletter \newcommand{\ps@total}{% \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo \let\@oddhead\@empty \let\@evenhead\@empty \def\@oddfoot{\normalfont\hfil--\thepage/\pageref{lastpage}--\hfil}% \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot} \makeatother \pagestyle{total} \ps@total total \normalfont \bfseries 9.2 L A TEX \newpage 2 156

L A TEX 2ε 9.3 \clearpage 2 \cleardoublepage \samepage \hspace{ } \hspace*{ } \vspace{ } \vspace*{ } \hspace{1cm} \vspace{1cm} \par \hspace{1cm} \hspace{1cm} 9 9.3 L A TEX 9.3.1 L A TEX \today \number\year \number\month \number\day jarticle \ \ \today jsclasses jclasses 157

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε {\number\year} {\number\month} {\number\day} {\today} 2005 3 20 2005 3 20 9.3.2 L A TEX \TeX \LaTeX \LaTeXe TEX L A TEX L A TEX 2ε jsclasses \ptex \platex \platexe ptex pl A TEX pl A TEX 2ε {\TeX} \\ {\LaTeX} \\ {\TeX pert} {\LaTeXe} \\ {\ptex} TEX L A TEX TEXpert L A TEX 2ε ptex 9.4 $y=30cm$ 300mm y = 30cm 300mm $y=30\,\mathrm{cm}$ 300\,mm y = 30 cm 300 mm \ensuremath mm \newcommand{\mm}{\ensuremath{\,\mathrm{mm}}} L A TEX \l \newcommand{\litter}{\,\ensuremath{\mathit{l}}} units.sty 158

L A TEX 2ε 9.5 %File:units.sty \newcommand{\mm}{\ensuremath{\,\mathrm{\milli mm}}} \newcommand{\cm}{\ensuremath{\,\mathrm{cm}}} \newcommand{\km}{\ensuremath{\,\mathrm{km}}} \newcommand{\mg}{\ensuremath{\,\mathrm{mg}}} \newcommand{\kg}{\ensuremath{\,\mathrm{kg}}} \newcommand{\cc}{\ensuremath{\,\mathrm{cc}}} \newcommand{\litter}{\,\ensuremath{l}} \newcommand{\ohm}{\ensuremath{\,\mathrm{\omega}}} \mathrm L A TEX textcomp fontenc \usepackage[t1]{fontenc} \usepackage{textcomp} 9 txfonts pxfonts \usepackage{txfonts,textcomp}% pxfonts 9.3 textcomp tectcomp CTAN CTAN/info/symbols/comprehensive/ 9.5 \tableofcontents thebibliography \renewcommand{\refname}{ } 9.4 \bibname jreport jbook (j)article \refname jsclasses \renewcommand{presectionname}{ } \renewcommand{postsectionname}{ } \presectionname \postsectionname 159

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε 9.3 textcomp \textquotestraightdblbase \textmarried \textlquill \texttwelveudash \textmusicalnote \textrquill \textthreequartersemdash \texttildelow \textcent \textleftarrow \textdblhyphenchar \textsterling \textrightarrow \textasciibreve \textcurrency \textblank ˇ \textasciicaron \textyen $ \textdollar `` \textgravedbl \textbrokenbar ' \textquotesingle \textacutedbl \textsection * \textasteriskcentered \textdagger \textasciidieresis \textdblhyphen \textdaggerdbl \textcopyright \textfractionsolidus \textbardbl ª \textordfeminine 0 \textzerooldstyle % \textperthousand \textcopyleft 1 \textoneoldstyle \textbullet \textlnot 2 \texttwooldstyle C \textcelsius P \textcircledp 3 \textthreeoldstyle $ \textdollaroldstyle \textregistered 4 \textfouroldstyle \textcentoldstyle \textasciimacron 5 \textfiveoldstyle ƒ \textflorin \textdegree 6 \textsixoldstyle \textcolonmonetary ± \textpm 7 \textsevenoldstyle \textwon ² \texttwosuperior 8 \texteightoldstyle \textnaira ³ \textthreesuperior 9 \textnineoldstyle \textguarani \textasciiacute \textlangle \textpeso µ \textmu \textminus \textlira \textparagraph \textrangle \textrecipe \textperiodcentered \textmho \textinterrobang \textreferencemark \textbigcircle \textinterrobangdown ¹ \textonesuperior Ω \textohm \textdong º \textordmasculine \textlbrackdbl \texttrademark \textsurd \textrbrackdbl % \textpertenthousand ¼ \textonequarter \textuparrow \textpilcrow ½ \textonehalf \textdownarrow \textbaht ¾ \textthreequarters ` \textasciigrave \textnumero \texteuro \textborn \textdiscount \texttimes \textdivorced \textestimated \textdiv \textdied \textopenbullet \textleaf \textservicemark 9.6 \chapter* \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{ } 160

L A TEX 2ε 9.7 9.4 \prepartname \postpartname \prechaptername \postchaptername \contentsname \listfigurename \listtablename \bibname thebibliography \indexname theindex \figurename \tablename \appendixname appendix 9 \addcontentsline{ }{ }{ } \addtocontents{ }{ } jreport \chapter*{ } \chapter*{ }\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{ } \chapter* \addtocontents{toc}{\newpage} \addtocontents{lof}{\newpage} 9.7 L A TEX 1 2 \onecolumn \twocolumn[ ] \columnsep 2 \columnseprule 2 161

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε 1 \onecolumn 2 \twocolumn \twocolumn 2 1 \columnsep 2zw \columnseprule.4pt \twocolumn[{\large\latexe }] 2 {\LaTeX} 2 \textwidth 1 \columnwidth table* figure* table figure 1 \twocolumn 2 multicol 2 balance 9.7.1 3 Frank Mittelbach multicol 10 \begin{multicols{ } \end{multicols} multicols \begin{multicols}{4} 10 \end{multicols} 10 162

L A TEX 2ε 9.8 9.8 TEX/L A TEX 2 \newlength \newlength{ } \setlength{ }{ } \addtolength{ }{ } \setlength \addtolength \newlength \newlength \setlength 9 \newlength{\newa} newa=\the\newa\par \setlength{\newa}{10mm} newa=\the\newa\par \setlength{\newa}{10mm plus 3mm minus 2mm} \par newa=\the\newa\par \addtolength{\newa}{3mm} newa=\the\newa newa=0.0pt newa=28.45274pt newa=28.45274pt plus 8.53581pt minus 5.69054pt newa=36.98856pt plus 8.53581pt minus 5.69054pt \settowidth{ }{ } \settoheigth{ }{ } \settodepth{ }{ } \settowidth \settoheight \settodepth %\newlength{\newa} \newcommand{\fakewidth}[1]{% \settowidth{\newa}{#1}% \framebox[\the\newa][c]{\strut}} {$\int f(x)dx$} \par \fakewidth{$\int f(x)dx$} f (x)dx 163

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε 9.9 L A TEX ltboxes.dtx L A TEX L A TEX 3 9.9.1 L A TEX \makebox[ ][ ]{ } \makebox l c r s \makebox[3zw][l]{ } \makebox[3zw][c]{ } \makebox[5zw][r]{ } \makebox[5zw][s]{g o o d!} G o o d! \mbox \mbox{ } \makebox \hspace*{\fill} \mbox{ } 9.9.2 L A TEX \framebox[ ][ ]{ } \framebox \makebox \fboxrule \fboxsep \fboxrule \fboxsep \framebox[3zw][l]{ } {\fboxrule=3pt\framebox[3zw][c]{ }} \framebox[5zw][r]{ } \framebox[5zw][s]{g o o d!} G o o d! 164

L A TEX 2ε 9.9 \makebox \fbox \fbox{ } {\fboxsep=0pt\fbox{ }} {\fboxrule=.8pt\fbox{ }} 9.9.3 \parbox \parindent \parbox[ ][ ][ ]{ }{ } \parbox t c b \parbox{13zw}{ \par \par } 9 \parbox[c]{4zw}{ }\ldots \parbox[t][3zw][c]{4zw}{ }\ldots \parbox[b][3zw][t]{4zw}{ }\ldots \parbox{3zw}{ }......... minipage \begin{minipage}[ ]{ } \end{minipage} minipage ~ \begin{minipage}[t]{7zw} \footnote{ } \end{minipage} ~ a a 165

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε 9.9.4 \newsavebox{ } \newsavebox L A TEX \savebox \sbox \savebox{ }[ ][ ]{ } \sbox{ }{ } \savebox lrbox lrbox \begin{lrbox}{ } \end{lrbox} \usebox \usebox{ } \usebox \newsavebox{\hoge} \savebox{\hoge}{\latexe \LaTeX3 } \usebox{\hoge}, \usebox{\hoge}.\par \usebox{\hoge}, \usebox{\hoge}.\par \sbox{\hoge}{} \usebox{\hoge} L A TEX 2ε L A TEX3, L A TEX 2ε L A TEX3. L A TEX 2ε L A TEX3, L A TEX 2ε L A TEX3. L A TEX \setbox 9.9.5 \raisebox \raisebox{ }[ ][ ]{ } \raisebox 166

L A TEX 2ε 9.9 \raisebox{1zw}{ } \raisebox{-1zw}{ } \raisebox{1.5zw}{\fbox{ }} \fbox{ \raisebox{1zw}{ } \raisebox{-1zw}{ } \raisebox{1zw}{ } \raisebox{-1zw}{ }} 9.9.6 \rule[ ]{ }{ } \rule 0 pt 0 pt 9 \fbox{\rule{0pt}{3zw}\rule{4zw}{0pt}} \fbox{\rule{0pt}{3zw}\rule{2zw}{0pt}} \underline \underline{ } \underline \underline{\fbox{ } } \underline{ } 9.9.7 2 L A TEX \fbox \framebox \fbox{ } \\ \framebox[10zw][c]{ }\\ \fbox{\fbox{2 }} \\ {\fboxrule=1pt\fbox{ }}\\ {\fboxsep=0pt\fbox{ }} 2 167

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε Timothy Zandt fancybox \shadowbox \doublebox \ovalbox \Ovalbox \shadowbox{ } \\ \doublebox{2 \\ \ovalbox{ } \\ \Ovalbox{ }} 2 fancybox Sbox \TheSbox \fbox minipage fminipage \newenvironment{fminipage}% {\begin{sbox}\begin{minipage}}% {\end{minipage}\end{sbox}\fbox{\thesbox}} \newenvironment{fminipage}% {\begin{sbox}\begin{minipage}}% {\end{minipage}\end{sbox}\fbox{\thesbox}} \begin{fminipage}{.8\linewidth} \end{fminipage} \fbox 1 $ y=f(x)+\fbox{\(c$}\) \begin{equation} \fbox{$y=f(x)$} \end{equation} y = f (x) + C y = f (x) (9.1) (\linewidth ( ) 2\fboxrule 2\fboxsep) calc %\usepackage{calc,fancybox} \fbox{\parbox{% (\linewidth-2\fboxrule-2\fboxsep)}{ \begin{equation} y=f(x) \end{equation}}} y = f (x) (9.2) eqnarray fancybox Beqnarray \fbox 168

L A TEX 2ε 9.9 \fbox{\begin{beqnarray} y&=&f(x)\\ &=&1/x \end{beqnarray}} y = f (x) (9.3) = 1/x (9.4) table figure \Sbox %\usepackage{calc,fancybox} \newenvironment{ftable}[1][htbp]% {\begin{table}[#1] \begin{sbox}\begin{minipage}{% (\linewidth-2\fboxrule-2\fboxsep)}}% {\end{minipage}\end{sbox}\fbox{\thesbox}\end{table}} ftable ffigure 9.5 L A TEX2.09 L A TEX 2ε L A TEX3 9 9.5 L A TEX fancybox center Bcenter Bflushleft Bflushright \fbox{\begin{bcenter} \\ \\ \end{bcenter}} \fbox{\begin{bflushleft} \\ \\ \end{bflushleft}} \fbox{\begin{bflushright} \\ \\ \end{bflushright}} minipage minipage \fbox fancybox Bitemize Benumerate Bdescription 169

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε \fbox{\begin{benumerate} \item \item \item \end{benumerate}} 1. 2. 3. \verb \VerbBox \VerbBox{\fbox}{% \verb \VerbBox{\fbox}{\verb+ +} } \VerbBox{\fbox}{\verb+ +} verbatim Sbox \TheSbox fverbatim \VerbatimEnvironment Verbatim \newenvironment{fverbatim}[1]% {\VerbatimEnvironment \begin{sbox}% \begin{minipage}{#1} \begin{verbatim}}% {\end{verbatim}\end{minipage}\end{sbox}% \fbox{\thesbox}} \begin{fverbatim}{.8\linewidth} \end{fverbatim} fancybox 9.10 L A TEX 4 quad 1 4 1 5 quad 9.10.1 9.6 9.6 {\quad} {\qquad} \ 170

L A TEX 2ε 9.10 9.6 \ 1/4 quad \quad \qquad \enspace \enskip \thinspace \negthinspace 1 quad 2 quad 1/2 quad 1/2 quad 1/5 quad -1/5 quad 9.6 9.7 9.7 \, 3/18 quad 9 \: 4/18 quad \; 5/18 quad \! -3/18 quad ~ Donald~E. Knuth made \TeX\@. Leslie~Lamport made \LaTeX\@. Donald E. Knuth made TEX. L A TEX. Leslie Lamport made \hspace* \hspace*[ ] \hspace{2zw} \par \hspace*{-2zw} jsclasses pt cm truept truecm em zw 9.10.2 \addvspace \vspace* \vspace* 171

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε \smallskip \midskip \bigskip 9.8 \smallskip \medskip \bigskip 3 pt±1 pt 6 pt±2 pt 12 pt +4 pt 2 pt L A TEX \vspace* \addvspace \addvspace{ } \vspace*{ } \vspace* \addvspace \vspace \vspace*{2zw} 2 2 9.11 L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX fil fill fil 0 fill fil fil fill fill 172

L A TEX 2ε 9.11 9.9 L A TEX \hfil \hfill \hss \vfil \vfill \vss {\hfil} {\hfil} \par {\hfil} {\hfill} fil fill \strecth 9 \stretch{ } fill hoge\hspace{\stretch{3}}hoge% \hspace{\stretch{1}}hoge.\par hoge\hspace{\fill}hoge\hspace{\fill}% hoge.\par hoge hoge hoge. hoge hoge hoge. \fill \hspace \vspace \vspace*{\fill} 9.11.1 \hfil \hfill L A TEX 9.10 fill \dotfill \hrulefill ltplain.dtx fontdef.dtx \makebox[5zw][l]{ \dotfill }\par \hrulefill\par \leftarrowfill \par \rightarrowfill\par...... 173

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε 9.10 \dotfill..................... \hrulefill \leftarrowfill \rightarrowfill \downbracefill { }} { \upbracefill } {{ } \leaders \leaders \cleaders \xleaders \newcommand{\hogefill}{\leavevmode\leaders% \hbox{ }\hfill\kern0pt} \hogefill\par \hogefill \par 9.12 3 5 3 5 \include{,... } \input{,... } \includeonly{,... } \include \chapter \input L A TEX.tex 9.13 \appendix appendix 2 appendix \begin{appendix} 174

L A TEX 2ε 9.14 \end{appendix} \appendix A 9.14 \newcommand{\hito}[1]{#1 } 9 \hito{ } 1 9.15 L A TEX Hello, everyone! I m a student at Future University Hakodate. Today, please let me talk about my future plan. First,... %Hello, everyone! I m a student at Future University Hakodate. %Today, please let me talk about my future plan. %First,... 175

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε Word 1 1 9.16 9.15 Hello, everyone! I m a student at Future University-Hakodate. Future University-Hakodate \newcommand{\fun}{future University-Hakodate} \newcommand{\fun}{ } 9.17 TEX/L A TEX 2 color 9.17.1 L A TEX 2 graphics David Carlisle color color graphicx Dvipdfmx \usepackage[dvipdfm]{color} 176

L A TEX 2ε 9.17 usenames color usenames I dvipsnames dvips rgb Red Green Blue 3 0 1 cmyk Cyan Magenta Yellow Black 4 0 1 gray 0 1 named \definecolor \definecolor{ }{ }{ } 9 \definecolor{mygray}{gray}{0.85} \definecolor{myred}{rgb}{0.3,0,0} \definecolor{myyellow}{cmyk}{} \textcolor \textcolor{ } \textcolor[ ]{ }{ } \color \color{ } \color[ ]{ } \textcolor{gray}{ }\\ \textcolor[rgb]{1,0,0}{ }\\ {\color{gray}{\fbox{ }}} \color \newcommand{\black}{\color{black}} \newcommand{\gray}{\color{gray}} \newcommand{\white}{\color{white}} \newcommand{\red}{\color{red}} \newcommand{\green}{\color{green}} \newcommand{\blue}{\color{blue}} \newcommand{\cyan}{\color{cyan}} \newcommand{\magenta}{\color{magenta}} \newcommand{\yellow}{\color{yellow}} 177

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε \newcommand{\gray}{\color{gray}} {\gray } \pagecolor \pagecolor{ } \pagecolor[ ]{ } 1 \colorbox \colorbox{ }{ } \colorbox[ ]{ }{ } \colorbox{red}{ }\\ \colorbox[gray]{.8}{ }\\ \colorbox{black}{\color{white}% } \fcolorbox \fcolorbox{ }{ }{ } \fcolorbox[ ]{ }{ }{ } \fcolorbox \fbox \fboxrule \fboxsep \fcolorbox{red}{blue}{ }\\ \fcolorbox[gray]{.5}{.8}{ }\\ {\fboxrule=2.4pt\fcolorbox{blue}{red}% { }} 9.18 verbatim Texinfo Carsten Heinz listings http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/texfaq/qa/21172.html 178

L A TEX 2ε 9.18 jlisting.sty http://tex.dante.jp/ lgrind morevrb progc listings listings listings \usepackage[ ]{listings} draft draft final draft savemem TEX/L A TEX 9 listings TEX draft listings lstlisting L A TEX begin{lstlisting}[ 1, 2,... ] end{lstlisting} C \begin{lstlisting}[language=c] int main( void ){ printf("hello World!!\n"); } \end{lstlisting} \lstinputlisting \lstinputlisting[ 1, 2,... ]{ } \lstset 179

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε \usepackage[dvips]{color} \lstset{%listings frame=tbrl,% backgroundcolor={\color[gray]{0.85}},% numbers=left,% numberstyle=\scriptsize,% stepnumber=1,%1 numbersep=1zw}% 1 \lstdefinestyle \lstdefinestyle{ }{ } 1 \lstdefinestyle{number1}{numbers=left numberstyle=\scriptsize,% stepnumber=1 numbersep=1zw} \begin{lstlisting}[language=c,style=number1] \lstdefinstyle{c}{language=c,style=number1} \begin{lstlisting}[style=c] \lstnewenvironment{ }{ }{ } C \lstnewenvironment{c}{% \lstset{language=c,style=number1}}{} float \begin{lstlisting}[language=c,float,caption={listings }] int main( void ){printf("hello World!!\n");} \end{lstlisting} 180

L A TEX 2ε 9.18 9.18.1 listings 9.11 9.11 listings Assembler Basic C C++ Cobol csh [Sharp]C Delphi Fortran HTML IDL Java ksh [LaTeX]TeX Lisp Logo make Mathematica Matlab MetaPost MuPAD Octave Pascal [plain]tex Perl PHP Prolog Python Ruby Scilab SQL tcl [tk]tcl TeX VBScript [Visual]Basic [Visual]C++ VRML XML 9 \begin{lstlisting}[\language={[latex]tex}] \lstdefinelanguage \lstdefinelanguage{ }{ } \lstdefinelanguage{ccc}{ morekeywords={short int long float double},% sensitive=false, morecomment=[l]{//},% morecomment=[s]{/*}{*/},% morestring=[b]",% morestring=[d],% } listings 181

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε columns=[l]{fullflexible} 9.18.2 lineskip= 0 pt firstline= 1 lastline= 9999999 tabsize= 8 showtabs= true false tab= $\Longrightarrow$ showspace= true false linewidth= \linewidth xleftmargin= 0 pt xrightmargin= 0 pt breaklines= true false false prebreak= postbreak= postbreak=\return language={ } 9.11 basicstyle= \small \ttfamily commentstyle= stringstyle= keywordstyle= 182

L A TEX 2ε 9.18 numbers= none left right stepnumber= numberstyle= firstnumber= auto last float= htbp caption= label= \ref captionpos= t b \lstlistoflistings caption \lstlistlistingname Listings \lstlistingname listing 9 \lstlistlistingname \lstlistingname \renewcommand{\lstlistlistingname}{ } \renewcommand{\lstlistingname}{ } frame= none single shadowbox frame= trbltrbl \begin{lstlisting}[frame=tblr,] main( void ){ int a=3; int b=5; printf("a+b=%d.\n", a+b); } \end{lstlisting} 9.1 t b l r 9.1 1 main( void ){ 183

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε 2 int a=3; int b=5; 3 printf("a+b=%d.\n", a+b); 4 } backgroundcolor= rulecolor= color \color [frame=single,backgroundcolor={\color[gray]{.85}}, rulecolor={\color[gray]{.5}}] 9.2 9.2 1 main( void ){ 2 int a=3; int b=5; 3 printf("a+b=%d.\n", a+b); 4 } \lstinputlisting[language={prolog},caption=prolog % \textsf{listings},label=src:prolog]{filename.pl} 9.3 1 % File: prolog.pl 9.3 2 % Author: Toru Watanabe 3 % Date: Saturday, Aug. 9th, 2003 4 % Original Source Information: 5 % File: Micro Expert System. 6 % Ian Frank, July 2001, updated May 2002 7 % (Based on original by Alison Cawsey) 8 % Dynamic userfact/1 9 : dynamic(userfact/1). 10 % Clear userfact/1 11 clear_facts : 12 retract(userfact(_)), 13 clear_facts. 14 clear_facts : Prolog Listings 184

L A TEX 2ε 9.19 URL 15 write( OK removed user facts ) 16 % NEW OPERATORS 17 : op(975 fx if). 18 : op(950 xfy then). 19 : op(925 xfy and). 20 %% If All people come to X s party thne X is happy. 21 rule(if all_come_the_party(x) then happy(x) ). 22 qtext(good(x,wed_class) [ Is,X, \ s Wednesday class good? ] ). 23 %% If X is happy this problem would be succeed. 24 atext(happy(x),[ Everyone comes to the party and,x, is happy!! ]). 25 % 26 prove(goal) : 27 bchain(goal),! % bchain to check if true. 28 atext(goal Text) % get hold of appropriate text. 29 write_list(text) % write out the recommendation 30 % 31 prove(_) : 32 write_list([ The goal does not seem to be true. ]). 33 % 34 yesno(text) : 35 write_list(text), 36 write_list([ (y/n) ]), 37 get(x), 38 X =:= 121. 9 9.19 URL URL L A TEX \verb Donald Arseneau url \verb % # URL \url \path e-mail \email \newcommand{\email}{\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\url} \urlstyle 185

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε \newcommand\email{\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\url} \newcommand\directory{\begingroup \urlstyle{tt}\url} \url{http://www.server.com/dir/file.html} \email{name@server.ac.jp} \directory{/usr/local/bin/} http://www.server.com/dir/file.html name@server.ac.jp /usr/local/bin/ 9.20 L A TEX HTML Sebastian Rahtz hyperref [87] \special HyperTEX L A TEX HTML 2 URL HTML # \hypertarget{ name }{ } \hypertarget name \href \href{ URL }{ } \href URL URL \href{http://www.server.co.jp/~user/index.htm}{ } URL \hyperimage{ URL } \hyperimage URL 9.19 url \url hyperref \url 9.20.1 hyperef keyval = \usepackage hyperref 186

L A TEX 2ε 9.20 \usepackage[pdfpagemode=fullscreen,colorlinks=true,dvipdfm]{hyperref} PDF DVI dvipdfm hyperref breaklinks=false breaklinks=true true false dvips ps2pdf latex2html tex4ht pdftex dvipdfm a4paper a5paper b5paper 9 breaklinks colorlinks PDF bookmarks PDF bookmarksopen PDF dvipdfm dvipdfm Dvipdfmx -E boookmarksopenlevel= PDF L A TEX 3.2 bookmarksnumbered PDF bookmarkstype= PDF PDF file.foo foo PDF \texorpdfstring \texorpdfstring{ L A TEX }{ PDF } 187

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε \section{ \hoge } \section{ \textorpdfstring{\hoge}{hoge} } dvipdfm Dvipdfmx dvipdfmx dvipdfm \usepackage[dvipdfm,bookmarks=true,% bookmarksnumbered=true,bookmarkstype=toc]{hyperref} file.toc PDF PDF PDF \AtBeginDvi{\special{pdf:tounicode 90ms-RKSJ-UCS2}} %\AtBeginDvi{\special{pdf:tounicode EUC-UCS2}}%NTT jlatex \AtBeginDvi{\special{pdf:tounicode 90ms-RKSJ-UCS2}} \usepackage[dvipdfm,bookmarks=true,% bookmarkstype=toc,bookmarksnumbered=false,% bookmarksopen=true,colorlinks=true,% linkcolor=blue,citecolor=blue,filecolor=blue,% menucolor=magenta,pagecolor=blue,urlcolor=blue,% backref=page]{hyperref} PDF hyperref %\AtBeginDvi{\special{pdf:tounicode 90ms-RKSJ-UCS2}} \special{pdf:docinfo << /Author ( ) /Title ( ) /Subject ( ) /Creator ( PDF ) /Keywords ( ) >>} Dvipdfmx PDF pdfinfo PDF %\AtBeginDvi{\special{pdf:tounicode 90ms-RKSJ-UCS2}} \usepackage[dvipdfm,pdftitle={ },% pdfsubject={ },pdfauthor={ },% pdfkeywords={ }]{hyperref} 188

L A TEX 2ε 9.21 9.21 L A TEX 9.21.1 YaTeX GNU Emacs YaTeX YaTeX http://www.yatex.org/ YaTeX \includeonly L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX / \begin \end \ref \label \cite \bibitem / / / tabular/array L A TEX 9 2 L A TEX GNU Emacs AUCTEX GNU Emacs BIBTEX http://www.eis.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~hara/tex/tex.html 189

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε 9.21.2 WinShell Ingo H. de Boer WinShell Windows L A TEX http://www.winshell.de/ http://suzumizaki.at.infoseek.co.jp/winshell/ WinShell WinShell 2.5 OS 9.21.3 Make L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX Make Make Unix OS Unix OS OS GNU Linux Windows Cygwin Windows UNIX make make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop. Make all: : 190

L A TEX 2ε 9.21 Make = MENDEX=mendex -d jisyo.dic -g TEX =platex DVIPS =dvipsk -Pdl -t a4 DVIPDFM=dvipdfmx -f dlbase14.map -p a4 -V 4 -z 5 L A TEX \include L A TEX DVI file.dvi file.tex L A TEX file.aux L A TEX file.aux file.aux 9 file.dvi: file.aux file.aux: file.tex platex file FILE=hoge TEX=platex all: $(FILE).dvi $(FILE).dvi: $(FILE).aux platex $(FILE) $(FILE).aux: $(FILE).tex platex $(FILE) $ file.dvi file.log Makefile Makefile # # FILE=hoge TEX=platex REFGREP=grep "^LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed." all: $(FILE).dvi $(FILE).dvi: $(FILE).aux (while $(REFGREP)$ $(FILE).log; \ 191

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε do $(TEX) $(FILE); done) $(FILE).aux: $(FILE).tex $(TEX) $(FILE) Make Makefile Makefile file.tex make file.dvi 1 file.aux file.log file.toc clean: rm -f $(FILE).aux $(FILE).log $(FILE).toc $(FILE).tex~ Emacs file.tex 2 Makefile file1.tex file2.tex file3.tex file4.tex SRC=file1.tex file2.tex file3.tex file4.tex file.aux SRC=file1.tex file2.tex file3.tex file4.tex $(FILE).aux: $(FILE).tex $(SRC) $(TEX) $(FILE) REF=biblio1.bib biblio2.bib biblio3.bib $(FILE).aux: $(FILE).tex $(SRC) $(REF) $(TEX) $(FILE) DVI file.dvi PDF file.pdf PostScript file.ps file.dvi file.pdf file.ps file.dvi pdfl A TEX file.tex file.pdf file.pdf file.tex file.ps file.pdf TEX =platex DVIPS =dvipsk -Pdl -t a4 -o $(FILE).ps DVIPDFM=dvipdfmx -f dlbase14.map -p a4 -V 4 -z 5 -o $(FILE).pdf all: $(FILE).pdf 192

L A TEX 2ε 9.21 $(FILE).pdf: $(FILE).dvi $(DVIPDFM) $(FILE) $(FILE).ps: $(FILE).dvi $(DVIPS) $(FILE) TAR gzip $(FILE)src/ OTHERS #SRC=file1.tex file2.tex file3.tex file4.tex #OTHERS=mymacro.sty #REF=biblio1.bib biblio2.bib biblio3.bib #FILE=main tar: $(FILE).tex $(SRC) $(OTHERS) $(REF) Makefile mkdir -p $(FILE)src/ cp $(FILE).tex $(SRC) $(OHTERS) $(REF) Makefile $(FILE)src/ tar czf $(FILE)src.tgz $(FILE)src/ rm -fr $(FILE)src 9 $(file)src tar $(file)src.tgz $(file)src.tgz Makefile Makefile.gz # Title: Makefile # Date: 2004/03/28 # Name: Thor Watanabe # Mail: thor@tex.dante.jp # FILE =sample # SRC =#chap1.tex chap2.tex,..., chap<n>.tex # OHTERS =#funthesis.cls mymacro.sty # IMG =#hoge.eps capture1.jpg #. REF =biblio.bib # TeX TEX=platex # Red Hat #DVIPS =pdvips -Ppdf #XDVI =pxdvi 193

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε # GNU Linux #DVIPS =dvips -Ppdf #XDVI =xdvik # Windows DVIPS =dvipsk -Pdl -t a4 XDVI =dviout # dvipdfmx DVIPDF =dvipdfmx -p a4 -f dlbase14.map -o $(FILE).pdf # REFGREP=grep "^LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed." # PRINTER=//server/printername # all: $(FILE).ps $(FILE).pdf printps: $(FILE).ps lpr -P$(PRINTER) $(FILE).ps printpdf: $(PSFILE) lpr -P$(PRINTER) $(FILE).ps $(FILE).pdf: $(FILE).dvi $(DVIPDF) $(FILE) $(FILE).ps: $(FILE).dvi $(DVIPS) -o $(FILE).ps $(FILE) $(FILE).dvi: $(FILE).aux $(FILE).bbl (while $(REFGREP) $(FILE).log; do $(TEX) $(FILE); done) $(FILE).bbl: $(REFFILE) $(BIBTEX) $(FILE) $(FILE).aux: $(FILE).tex $(TEX) $(FILE) clean: rm -f $(FILE).aux $(FILE).log $(FILE).toc $(FILE).dvi rm -f $(FILE).pdf $(FILE).tex~ $(FILE).lof $(FILE).lot tar: mkdir -p $(FILE) cp $(SRC) $(OHTERS) $(REF) $(IMG) $(FILE).tex Makefile $(FILE)/ tar czf $(FILE)src.tgz $(FILE)/ rm -fr $(FILE)/ FILE=report #SRC=file1.eps file2.eps XDVI=xdvi TEX=platex all: $(FILE).dvi $(FILE).dvi: $(FILE).tex platex $(FILE) && platex $(FILE) && platx $(FILE) $(FILE).pdf: $(FILE).dvi 194

L A TEX 2ε 9.21 dvipdfm -p a4 -o $(FILE).pdf $(FILE) clean: rm $(FILE).aux $(FILE).log $(FILE).tex~ view: $(FILE).dvi $(XDVI) $(FILE) & tar: mkdir -p $(FILE)src/ cp $(FILE).tex Makefile $(SRC) $(FILE)src/ tar czf $(FILE)src.tgz $(FILE)src/ rm -fr $(FILE)src/ make view report.tex hoge.dvi make tar reportsrc.tgz 9 SRC=file1.eps file2.eps SRC platex report.tex dvipdfm reprot.dvi 9.21.4 latexmk Make John Collins latexmk Perl Perl latexmk latexmk.pl $latex = latex ; $latex = platex ; $bibtex = bibtex ; $bibtex = jbibtex ; $makeindex = makeindex ; $makeindex = mendex ; $dvips = dvips ; $dvips = dvipsk ; latexmk file.tex DVI BIBTEX MakeIndex 195

9 L A TEX L A TEX 2ε \bibliography{biblio.bib} \include{file1.tex} \bibliography{biblio} \include{file1} 9.21.5 CVS Unix OS Windows Brian Berliner david d zuhn Jim Kingdon Jeff Polk CVS GNU Emacs VC CVS http://www.radiofly.to/nishi/cvs/ 196

10 funthesis.cls 10 10.1 2003 2 2 2 1 \columnwidth jsarticle jsarticle article jarticle 1 abstract abstract \twocolumn \onecolabstract \twocolumn[{\maketitle \begin{onecolabstract} \end{onecolabstract}}] jsarticle \documentclass[twocolumn]{jsarticle} \columnseprule 0.5pt% 197

10 L A TEX 2ε \usepackage{epic,eepic,amssymb,amsmath,graphicx,url} \title{2 } \author{{\small }\\ m1202147 \\ } \date{\today} % \today % \begin{document} \begin{abstract} \LaTeX{} Word, Word \LaTeX{} 2003 Word \end{abstract} \maketitle% \section{ } \section{ } 2003 9 10 \section{ } \ref{2bansenji} \yo{ } \begin{table}[htbp] \begin{center} \caption{ }\label{2bansenji} \begin{tabular}{ l r r } \hline & ( )& (\%) \\\hline Word & 75 & 45.2 \\ \LaTeX{} & 26 & 15.6 \\ HTML & 54 & 32.5 \\ Illustrator & 4 & 2.4 \\ OpenOffice & 1 & 0.6 \\ & 6 & 3.0 \\\hline & 166 & 100 \\\hline \end{tabular} \end{center} \end{table} 198

L A TEX 2ε 10.1 \section{ } HTML Word Word \LaTeX{} $f(x)$ $f(x)$ $[-L,L]$ \begin{eqnarray*} f(x)& = & \frac{a_0}{2} + \sum^{\infty}_{n=1} \left( a_n \cos \frac{n\pi x}{l} + b_n \sin \frac{n\pi x}{l} \right) \\ a_n & = & \frac{1}{l} \int^{l}_{-l} f(u) \cos \frac{n\pi u}{l} du\\ b_n & = & \frac{1}{l} \int^{l}_{-l} f(u) \sin \frac{n\pi u}{l} du \end{eqnarray*} (\ref{eq:fourier1}) \begin{eqnarray} f(x) & = & \frac{1}{2l} \int^{l}_{-l} f(u) du \nonumber\\ & + & \sum^{\infty}_{n=1} \left[ \frac{1}{l} \int^{l}_{-l} f(u) \cos \frac{n\pi x}{l} du \cdot \cos \frac{n\pi x}{l} \right. \nonumber \\ & + & \left. \frac{1}{l} \int^{l}_{-l} f(u) \sin \frac{n\pi u }{L}du \cdot \sin \frac{n\pi x}{l} \right] \label{eq:fourier1} \end{eqnarray} (\ref{eq:fourier1}) $L\rightarrow\infty$ (\ref{eq:fourier2}) \begin{equation} F(\alpha )= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}} \int^{\infty}_{-\infty} f(u) e^{-t\alpha u}du \label{eq:fourier2} \end{equation} (\ref{eq:fourier2}) \section{ } Gnuplot Gnuplot Gnuplot ~\ref{fig:sample} \begin{figure}[htbp] \begin{center} %\input{abstgnu.tex} % \fbox{\rule{0pt}{3zw}\rule{3zw}{0pt}} \caption{picture }\label{fig:sample} \end{center} \end{figure} \nocite{*} \begin{thebibliography}{10}% \bibitem{latexcompanion} 10 199

10 L A TEX 2ε Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin. The \LaTeX., 1998. \bibitem{latexgraphics} Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, and Frank Mittelbach. \LaTeX., 2000. \bibitem{bibunsyo}. [ 3 ] {\LaTeXe}., 2004. \bibitem{platex2e},. {\em {p\latexe} for Windows Another Manual Vol.1 Basic Kit 1999}., 1998. \bibitem{linuxthesis},,. Linux., 1999. \bibitem{metafont} Donald~E. Knuth. \textsf{metafont}., 1994. \bibitem{jtexbook} Donald~E. Knuth. {\TeX}., 1992. \end{thebibliography} \end{document} 200

L A TEX 2ε 10.1 2 m1202147 2004 10 14 L A TEX Word, Word L A TEX 2003 Word 1 2 2003 9 10 3 1 1 ( ) (%) Word 75 45.2 L A TEX 26 15.6 HTML 54 32.5 Illustrator 4 2.4 OpenOffice 1 0.6 6 3.0 166 100 4 HTML Word Word L A TEX f(x) f(x) [ L, L] 10 1 201

10 L A TEX 2ε f(x) = a0 2 + n=1 L a n = 1 L L b n = 1 L L L ( a n cos nπx L f(u) cos nπu L du f(u) sin nπu L du (1) + bn sin nπx ) L f(x) = 1 L f(u)du 2L L [ 1 L + f(u) cos nπx nπx du cos L n=1 L L L + 1 ] L f(u) sin nπu nπx du sin (1) L L L L [2] Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, and Frank Mittelbach. L A TEX., 2000. [3]. [ 3 ] L A TEX 2ε., 2004. [4],. pl A TEX 2ε for Windows Another Manual Vol.1 Basic Kit 1999., 1998. [5],,. Linux., 1999. [6] Donald E. Knuth. METAFONT., 1994. [7] Donald E. Knuth. TEX., 1992. (1) L (2) F (α) = 1 f(u)e tαu du (2) 2π (2) 5 Gnuplot Gnuplot Gnuplot 1 1 picture [1] Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin. The L A TEX., 1998. 2 10.2 jreport jsbook jsbook \documentclass[openany,oneside,11pt]{jsbook} 202

L A TEX 2ε 10.2 jreport jsbook \chapter \section \subsection \subsubsection jsarticle abstract \chapter*{ }\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{ } 10.2.1 funthesis funthesis 10 %\documentclass[english]{funthesis}% \documentclass{funthesis} \usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphicx}%dvips dvips % % \\ \jtitle{ {\LaTeX} } % \etitle{title in English} % ( ) \jauthor{ } % ( ) \eauthor{taro MIRAI} % \affiliciation{ } % \studentnumber{1300000} % \advisor{ } % % %\coadvisor{ } % \date{2004/01/31} % 203

10 L A TEX 2ε \begin{document} % \maketitle % \begin{eabstract} Abstract in English. (about 500 words) \fake{you should write your English abstract in one page. } % \begin{ekeyword} Keyrods1, Keyword2, Keyword3, Keyword4, Keyword5 \end{ekeyword} \end{eabstract} % (2000 ) \begin{jabstract} ( 200 \fake{ } % \begin{jkeyword} 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 \end{jkeyword} \end{jabstract} % \tableofcontents % \listoffigures % \listoftables \chapter{ } % (chapter) \section{ } % (section) \chapter{ } \section{ } \chapter{ } % ( ) \begin{appendix} \chapter{ } % 1( ) \section{ } % 2( ) \chapter{ } \section{ } \texttt{hoge.cpp} \begin{verbatim} int main( void ){ return 0; } \end{verbatim} 204

L A TEX 2ε 10.2 \fake[40]{{\thehoge} \par} % \end{appendix} \chapter*{ } % \begin{thebibliography}{9} \bibitem{ }..,. \bibitem{mt1999}.., 1999. \end{thebibliography} \end{document} 10.2.2 Times jsbook jreport jsbook 10 jsbook jsbook mygs.sty %% File: mygs.sty %% Copying : Your Name %% E-mail : name@univ.ac.jp %% Date : 2004/02/20 \ProvidesPackage{mygs}[2004/03/31 First Family] Times \RequirePackage{txfonts} 1 \Requirepacakge 9.1 1 1 40 \textwidth 40 40zw \setlength\textwidth{40zw} \setlength\fullwidth{\textwidth}%jsbook 40 \textheight 40 40\baselineskip 205

10 L A TEX 2ε \setlength\textheight{40\baselineskip} \setlength\hoffset{13\p@} \setlength\voffset{0\p@} \setlength\evensidemargin{0\p@} \setlength\oddsidemargin{\evensidemargin} \setlength\topmargin{0\p@} \setlength\headheight{0\p@} \setlength\headsep{0\p@} \setlength\marginparwidth{0\p@} \setlength\marginparpush{0\p@} \setlength\marginparsep{0\p@} \p@ pt 0pt jsbook \pagestyle{plainfoot} jreport plain 13 \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo \let\@oddhead\@empty \let\@evenhead\@empty \def\@oddfoot{\normalfont\hfil-- \thepage\ --\hfil}% \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot \setlength\footskip{2\baselineskip}% \normalfont \bfseries Times Bold jsbook \renewcommand{\headfont}{\gtfamily\rmfamily\bfseries} jsbook jreport tocdepth \setcounter{tocdepth}{2} \subsection jreport 206

L A TEX 2ε 10.2 \RequirePackage{indentfirst} indentfirst mygs.sty %% File: mygs.sty %% Copying : Thor Watanabe %% E-mail : m1202147@fun.ac.jp %% Date : 2004/02/20 \ProvidesPackage{mygs}[2004/02/20 First Family] \RequirePackage{txfonts}% Times %\RequirePackage{indentfirst}% jreport \setlength\textwidth{40zw}%1 40 \setlength\fullwidth{\textwidth}%jsbook \setlength\textheight{40\baselineskip}%1 40 \setlength\hoffset{13\p@}%\p@ 0pt \setlength\voffset{0\p@} \setlength\evensidemargin{0\p@} \setlength\oddsidemargin{\evensidemargin} \setlength\topmargin{0\p@} \setlength\headheight{0\p@} \setlength\headsep{0\p@} \setlength\marginparwidth{0\p@} \setlength\marginparpush{0\p@} \setlength\marginparsep{0\p@} \setlength\footskip{2\baselineskip}% \def\ps@foot{% -- -- \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo \let\@oddhead\@empty \let\@evenhead\@empty \def\@oddfoot{\normalfont\hfil-- \thepage\ --\hfil}% \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot } \pagestyle{plainfoot}%jsbook %\pagestyle{plain}%jreport \renewcommand{\headfont}{\normalfont\bfseries} \setcounter{tocdepth}{2} 10 A4 11 pt \documentclass[a4j,11pt,openany,oneside]{jsbook} mygs.sty \usepackage{mygs} 207

10 L A TEX 2ε 1 \maketitle \titlepage \maketitle \renewcommand{\maketitle}{% \begin{titlepage} \let\footnotesize\small \let\footnoterule\relax \let\footnote\thanks \null\vskip2em% \begin{center}\thispagestyle{empty}% {\LARGE\headfont }\par\vskip1.5em {\Large\normalfont }\par\vskip2em {\small \qquad }\par\vskip1em {\small \qquad }\par\vskip2em { 2004/02/30}\par\vskip1em {\Large\headfont English Title}\par\vskip1em {\large\rmfamily Your Name}\par\vskip1em \end{center}% \vfill\null \end{titlepage}} \vskip 208

A A A.1 L A TEX L A TEX Unix OS Unix OS Unix OS L A TEX Windows Cgywin GNU Linux Unix [1],,. Cygwin+CygwinJE-Windows UNIX Cygwin is a UNIX environment for Windows., 2003. Cygwin [2]. Linux Vine Linux 2.6 & OpenOffice.org., 2004. GNU Linux Vine Linux OpenOffice.org [3] Jerry Peek, Grace Todino, and John Strang. Unix 5., 2002.. Unix Unix OS [4] Cameron Newham and Bill Rosenblatt. bash 2., 1998. QUIPU LLC. bash [5] Paul DuBois. csh & tcsh., 2002.,. bash csh [6] Andrew Oram and Steve Talbott. make., 1997... 209

A L A TEX 2ε make [7] Jennifer Vesperman. CVS., 2003.,. CVS [8] Karl Fogel. CVS., 2000. CVS GNU Emacs Windows Meadow OS Mac [9] Debra Cameron, Bill Rosenblatt, and Eric Raymond. GNU Emacs 2., 1999.. GNU Emacs GNU Emacs 100 [10]. Meadow/Emacs., 2003. GNU Emacs Windows Mule Meadow Emacs Emacs Meadow [11] Jeffrey E. F. Friedl. 2., 2003.. [12] Dale Dougherty and Arnold Robbins. sed & awk., 1997.. Unix OS The Art Of Awk Programming [13] Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Phoenix. Perl 3., 2003.. Perl Perl [14, 15] 2 Perl CGI [14] Larry Wall, Tom Christiansen, and Jon Orwant. Perl 3 VOLUME 1., 2002.. 210

L A TEX 2ε A.1 L A TEX Perl 1 [15] Larry Wall, Tom Christiansen, and Jon Orwant. Perl 3 VOLUME 2., 2002.. Perl 2 [16]. Ruby.,. Ruby Perl [17],. Ruby., 1999. ruby [18] Ken Lunde. CJKV., 2002.. CJKV A [19] Chuck Musciano and Bill Kennedy. HTML & XHTML 5., 2003.. HTML HTML [20] Tara Calishain and Rael Dornfest. Google Hacks & 100., 2003.,. Google Adobe PostScript PDF [21] Adobe Systems. PDF 2 Adobe Portable Document Format Version 1.3., 2001. PDF Acrobat PDF [22]. PostScript 3 ASCII., 2001.. Adobe PostScript [23]. PostScript., 1990.. Adobe PostScript *1 *1 MATLAB Octave 211

A L A TEX 2ε [24]. gnuplot., 1999. Gnuplot [25],. GIMP/GNUPLOT/Tgif UNIX., 1999. GIMP Gnuplot Tgif [26],. GIMP., 2000. GIMP A.2 L A TEX L A TEX A.2.1 1 [27]. [ 3 ] L A TEX 2ε., 2004. [28] Leslie Lamport. L A TEX 2ε., 1999.. L A TEX L A TEX manual L A TEX [29] Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin. The L A TEX., 1998.. L A TEX manual [28] L A TEX 2ε [30] Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, and Frank Mittelbach. L A TEX TEX PostScript., 2000.. The L A TEX [29] PostScript [31] Michel Goossens and Sebastian Rahtz. L A TEX Web TEX HTM- L/XML., 2001.. PDF HTML XML TEX 212

L A TEX 2ε A.2 L A TEX [32],,. Linux., 1999. Linux L A TEX Gnuplot Tgif [33]. L A TEX 2ε., 2000. L A TEX 2ε 1 [34]. L A TEX 2ε., 2003. A A.2.2 2 [35],. pl A TEX 2ε for Windows Another Manual Vol.1 Basic Kit 1999., 1998. pl A TEX 2ε [36]. pl A TEX 2ε for Windows Another Manual Vol.2 Extended Kit., 1997. Gnuplot AMS-L A TEX [37]. Ghostscript Another Manual., 1997. Ghostscript [38]. L A TEX 2ε 2., 2000. L A TEX 2ε XΥMTEX [39]. pl A TEX 2ε., 2000. [40]. L A TEX 2ε., 1996. TEX A.2.3 AMS- L A TEX [41]. L A TEX 2ε., 2001. 213

A L A TEX 2ε AMS-L A TEX 1 [42] George Gratzer. Math into L A TEX. Springer, 2000. 1 CTAN/info/mil/ A.2.4 XΥMTEX [43]. XΥMTEX: typesetting chemical structural formulas., 1997. 2 [44]. L A TEX., 1993. A.2.5 L A TEX book.cls [45]. L A TEX 2ε &., 2002. & [46]. L A TEX 2ε &., 2003. A.2.6 TEX L A TEX TEX Donald Knuth plain TEX [47] Donald Knuth. TEX., 1992... 214

L A TEX 2ε A.2 L A TEX TEX 1 [48]. METAFONT., 1994.. TEX 1 A A.2.7 [49].., 2001. [50].., 2001. [51].., 1999. 3 [52].., 1997. 1 [53].., 1997. [54] Robert Ritter. The Oxford Style Manual. Oxford University Press, 2002. [55] University of Chicago Press Staff. The Chicago Manual of Style 15th edition. Chicago University Press, 2003. A.2.8 10 2 [56]. L A TEX., 1995. 215

A L A TEX 2ε [57]. L A TEX., 1996. A.2.9 [58] Tobias Oetiker Hubert partl, Irene Hyna and Elisabeth Schlegl. The Not So Short Introduction to L A TEX 2ε Or L A TEX 2ε in 129 minutes. CTAN/info/lshort/english/ lshort L A TEX L A TEX [59] Tobias Oetiker. L A TEX 2ε 83 L A TEX 2ε.. CTAN/info/lshort/japanese/ lshort jlshort [60],. L A TEX. 1994. http://ea3pch.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/member/sumio/tex/tex.htm L A TEX209 A.3 World Wide Web Google Google URL http://www.google.co.jp/ CTAN http://www.ring.gr.jp/pub/text/ CTAN/ CTAN Comprehensive TEX Arhcive Network TEX CTAN 216

L A TEX 2ε A.3 A.3.1 L A TEX A L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX [61] Johannes Braams, David Carlisle, Alan Jeffrey, Leslie Lamport, Frank Mittelbach, Chris Rowley, and Rainer Schöpf.L A TEX 2ε Sources, 2001. $texmf/tex/latex/base/souce2e.tex L A TEX 2ε [62] David Carlisle. The enumerate package, 1999. enumerate.dtx. L A TEX tools [63]. The longtable package, 2000. longtable.dtx. L A TEX tools [64]. The ifthen package, 2001. ifthen.dtx. L A TEX tools [65] Kent McPherson. Displaying page layout variables, 2000. layout.dtx. [66] Frank Mittelbach. Producing slides with L A TEX 2ε, 1997. slides.dtx. slides [67]. An environment for multicolumn output, 2003. multicol.dtx. multicol [68]. An Extension of the L A TEX theorem environment, 2003. theorem.dtx. L A TEX theorem theorem AMS-L A TEX [69] Frank Mittelbach, Denys Duchier, Johannes Braams, Marcin Wolinski, and Mark Wooding. The docstrip program, 1999. docstrip.dtx. DocStrip [70] Rainer Schöpf, Bernd Raichle and Chris Rowley. A New Implementation of L A TEX s verbatim and verbatim* Environments, 2001. 217

A L A TEX 2ε verbatim.dtx. verbatim [71] L A TEX3 Project Team. L A TEX 2ε font selection, 2000. fntguide.tex. L A TEX NFSS L A TEX [72]. L A TEX 2ε for authors, 2001. usrguide.tex. L A TEX L A TEX [73]. L A TEX 2ε for class and package writers, 1999. clsguide.tex [74] Kresten Thorup, Frank Jensen, and Chris Rowley. The calc package, 1998. calc.dtx. L A TEX [75] Vlandimir Volovich, Werner Lemberg and L A TEX3 Project Team. Cyrillic languages support in L A TEX, 1999. cyrguide.tex. A.3.2 L A TEX [76] Mark Wicks. Dvipdfm User s Manual, 1999. Dvipdfm [77] Cho Jin Hwan. DVIPDFMx, an extension of DVIPDFM, 2003. http://project.ktug.or.kr/dvipdfmx/ Dvipdfm Dvipdfmx [78] Oren Patashnik. BIBTEXing: BIBTEX, 1991.. JBIBTEX. [79]. BIBTEX: JBIBTEX, 1991. JBIBTEX. [80] Scott Pakin. How to Package Your L A TEX Package, 2003. L A TEX. [81] Philipp Lehman. The Font Installation Guide, 2003. CTAN/info/Type1fonts/. L A TEX PostScript [82] Karl Berry. Fontname, 2003. 218

L A TEX 2ε A.3 CTAN/info/fontname/. L A TEX [83] TEX Users Group. A Directory Structure for TEX Files, 2003. CTAN/tds/. TEX A A.3.3 [84] Various Artists. The Lgrind Package, 2002. CTAN/support/lgrind/ Lgrind [85]. jlgrind grind nice program listings using L A TEX, 1997. http://www.vector.co.jp/authors/tfuruka1/ Lgrind 1997 [86] Carsten Heinz. The Listings Package, 2003. http://www.atscire.de/. listings [87] Sebastian Rahtz. Hypertext marks in L A TEX the hyperref package, 1998. L A TEX hyperref [88] Keith Reckdahl. Using Imported Graphics in L A TEX 2ε, 1997. CTAN/info/epslatex.pdf graphics graphicx [89] Timothy Zandt. PSTricks: PostScript macros for Generic TEX, 1993. http://www.tug.org/applications/pstricks/ PostScript PSTricks [90] Piet Oostrum. Page layout in L A TEX. CTAN/macros/latex/contrib/supported/fancyhdr/ fancyhdr [91] American Mathematical Society. User s Guide for amsmath Package. http://www.ams.org/tex/amslatex.html AMS-L A TEX amsmath [92] Michael Downes. Short Math Guide for L A TEX. http://www.ams.org/tex/short-math-guide.html 219

A L A TEX 2ε Michael Downes AMS-L A TEX A.4 L A TEX [A] CTAN: the Comprehensive TEX Archive Network http://ctan.org TEX RING http://www.ring.gr.jp/pub/text/ctan/ [B] TEX http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/.. [C] The Publishing TEX http://www.ascii.co.jp/pb/ptex/ TEX TEX [D] W32TEX http://www.fsci.fuk.kindai.ac.jp/~kakuto/win32-ptex/ Windows ptex. [E] dviout/dviprt http://akagi.ms.u-tokyo.ac.jp/index-j.html Windows DVI [F] MacpTEX http://macptex.appi.keio.ac.jp/~uchiyama/macptex.html Macintosh MacpTEX [G] pl A TEX for Windows http://www.grn.mmtr.or.jp/~ohishi/tex/index.html L A TEX [H] DTP http://forum.nifty.com/fdtp/ @nifty DTP TEX [I] http://imt.chem.kit.ac.jp/fujita/fujitas/fujita.html 220

L A TEX 2ε A.4 XΥMTEX [J] http://argent.shinshu-u.ac.jp/otobe/ [K] yama-ga.com http://www.yama-ga.com/ Gnuplot [L] YaTeX http://www.yatex.org/ GNU Emacs Lisp. L A TEX. [M] Excel2LaTeX http://plaza19.mbn.or.jp/~butcher_bird/ Excel L A TEX. [N] TEX http://www.nsknet.or.jp/~tony/tex/texindex.html @nifty DTP [O] emath http://emath.s40.xrea.com/ emath [P] L A TEX http://www.klavis.info/texindex.html L A TEX [Q] SMALL L A TEX LAB http://www.h4.dion.ne.jp/~latexcat/ [45, 46] [R] L A TEX 2ε http://psitau.at.infoseek.co.jp/ utf/otf [S] http://www.biwako.shiga-u.ac.jp/sensei/kumazawa/ [T] Home Page http://takeno.iee.niit.ac.jp/~foo/index.html A 221

A L A TEX 2ε latex2html Gnuplot [U] Ghostscript 8.14 + GSview 4.6 http://auemath.aichi-edu.ac.jp/member/khotta/ghost/ pl A TEX 2ε [V] L A TEX http://www.lg.fukuoka-u.ac.jp/~ynagata/latex.html [W] L A TEX http://www2.tba.t-com.ne.jp/ing/ L A TEX 222

B B GNU Free Documentation License Version 1.2, November 2002 Copyright 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others. This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software. We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law. A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language. A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document s overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them. 223

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B GNU Free Documentation License L A TEX 2ε 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page: Copyright YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...texts." line with this: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software. 228

/ \....................... 40, 103, 171 \!........................... 103, 171 \" (ü)............................ 32 \#.................................. 8 #.................................. 8 \$.................................. 8 $....................... 8, 10, 87, 99 \%.................................. 8 %........................... 8, 34, 87 \&.................................. 8 &.............................. 8, 87 array............ 109 eqnarray*........ 101 tabular.......... 127 \ (é)............................ 32 $................................. 99 $................................. 99 \,........................... 103, 171 \-................................. 38 \. (ȧ)............................ 32 \/................................. 31 \:........................... 103, 171 \;........................... 103, 171 \= (ā)............................ 32 \@................................. 40 \[............................... 100 \........................... 8, 80, 87 \]............................... 100 \^ (ô)............................ 32 ^.......................... 8, 87, 104 \_.................................. 8 _.......................... 8, 87, 104 \ (à)............................ 32 \{............................. 8, 107 {.............................. 8, 87 \}.............................. 8, 107 }............................... 8, 87 \............................... 107 \~ (ñ)............................ 32 ~...................... 8, 40, 87, 171 A \AA (Å).......................... 32 \aa (å)........................... 32 abstract................... 26 \acute (á)...................... 115 \addcontentsline............... 161 \addtocontents................. 161 \addtocounter................... 95 \addtolength.................... 163 \addvspace...................... 172 \AE (Æ).......................... 32 \ae (æ).......................... 32 \afterpage....................... 52 \aleph (ℵ)..................... 116 \allinethickness............... 145 \Alph............................. 95 \alph............................. 95 \alpha (α)...................... 112 \amalg ( )..................... 114 \and.............................. 22 \angle ( )...................... 116 \appendix....................... 174 \appendixname.................. 161 appendix.................. 174 \approx ( ).................... 114 \arabic........................... 95 \arc............................. 145 \arccos (arccos)................ 105 \arcsin (arcsin)................ 105 \arctan (arctan)................ 105 \arg (arg)...................... 105 array.............. 51, 108, 126 \Arrowvert ( )................. 107 \arrowvert ( ).................. 107 \ast ( )........................ 114 \asymp ( )..................... 114 \AtBeginDvi...................... 67 \atop............................ 123 \author........................... 21 B \b (ā)............................ 32 \backslash (\)............. 107, 116 \bar (ā)........................ 115 \baselineskip.................. 205 \baselinestretch................ 28 Bcenter................... 169 Bdescription.............. 169 \begin............................ 15 Benumerate................ 169 Beqnarray................. 168 \beta (β)....................... 112 Bflushleft................ 169 Bflushright............... 169 \bfseries.................... 45, 206 \bibitem...................... 53, 54 \bibliography................ 56, 59 \bibliographystyle.......... 56, 59 \bibname........................ 161 \Big............................. 108 \big............................. 108 \bigcap ( ).................... 114 \bigcirc ( )................... 114 \bigcup ( ).................... 114 \bigl............................ 108 \bigm............................ 108 \bigodot ( ).................. 114 \bigoplus ( )................ 114 \bigotimes ( )............... 114 \bigr............................ 108 \bigskip........................ 172 \bigsqcup ( )................. 114 \bigtriangledown ( ).......... 114 \bigtriangleup ( )............ 114 \biguplus ( )................. 114 \bigvee ( ).................... 114 \bigwedge ( )................. 114 Bitemize.................. 169 \bm.............................. 121 \bmod............................ 105 \boldmath....................... 121 \boldsymbol..................... 121 \bordermatrix.................. 111 \bot ( )........................ 116 \bowtie ( ).................... 114 \Box ( )........................ 116 \brace........................... 123 \bracevert ( )................. 107 \brack........................... 123 \breve (ă)...................... 115 \bullet ( )..................... 114 C \c ( o)............................ 32 \cap ( )........................ 114 \caption..................... 96, 126 \cases........................... 122 cases...................... 122 \cbezier........................ 146 \cdot ( )........................ 114 \cdots ( ).................... 116 \centering....................... 41 center...................... 41 \cfoot........................... 155 \chapter........... 23, 24, 52, 96, 203 \chapter*.................... 26, 160 \chaptermark.................... 156 \chead........................... 155 \check (ǎ)...................... 115 \chi (χ)........................ 112 \choose.......................... 123 \circ ( )....................... 114 \circle*.................... 142, 145 \cite...................... 52, 54, 56 229

L A TEX 2ε \citeform........................ 63 \citeleft........................ 63 \citemid......................... 63 \citepunct....................... 63 \citeright....................... 63 \cleaders....................... 174 \cleardoublepage............... 157 \clearpage................... 52, 157 \cline...................... 110, 127 \clubsuit ( ).................. 116 \color...................... 177, 184 \colorbox....................... 178 \columnsep................. 153, 161 \columnseprule............. 153, 161 \columnwidth.................... 162 comment..................... 34 \cong ( )....................... 114 \contentsname.................. 161 \coprod ( ).................... 114 \cos (cos)...................... 105 \cosh (cosh).................... 105 \cot (cot)...................... 105 \coth (coth).................... 105 \cr.............................. 111 \crcr............................ 120 \csc (csc)...................... 105 \cup ( )........................ 114 D \d (ạ)............................ 32 \dag ( )......................... 32 \dagger ( )..................... 114 dashjoin.................. 143 \dashline................... 143, 144 \dashv ( )...................... 114 \date............................. 21 \day............................. 157 \ddag ( )........................ 32 \ddagger ( )................... 114 \ddot (ä)....................... 115 \ddots (... ).................... 116 \DeclareRobustCommand.......... 83 \definecolor.................... 177 \deg (deg)...................... 105 \Delta ( )..................... 113 \delta (δ)...................... 112 description................ 43 \det (det)...................... 105 \DH (Ð).......................... 32 \dh (ð).......................... 32 \Diamond ( )................... 116 \diamond ( )................... 114 \diamondsuit ( )............... 116 \dim (dim)...................... 105 displaymath............... 100 \displaystyle.................. 111 \div ( )........................ 114 \DJ (Ð).......................... 32 \dj ( d).......................... 32 \documentclass............... 14, 18 document................... 14 \dot (ȧ)........................ 115 \doteq ( )..................... 114 \dotfill........................ 174 dottedjoin................ 143 \dottedline................ 143, 144 \doublebox...................... 168 \Downarrow ( )............ 107, 115 \downarrow ( )............ 107, 115 \downbracefill................. 174 drawjoin.................. 143 \drawline................... 143, 144 E \ell (l)........................ 116 \ellipse*....................... 145 \em............................... 31 \emph.......................... 31, 36 \emptyset ( ).................. 116 \end.............................. 15 \EndPicture...................... 77 \enskip.......................... 171 \enspace........................ 171 \ensuremath..................... 158 enumerate............... 43, 52 \epsilon (ɛ)................... 112 eqnarray*.................. 101 eqnarray............... 96, 102 \equation........................ 96 equation.................. 101 \equiv ( )..................... 114 \eta (η)........................ 112 \evensidemargin................ 151 \exists ( ).................... 116 \exp (exp)...................... 105 F \fancyfoot...................... 155 \fancyhead...................... 155 \fbox................... 165, 167, 168 \fboxrule................... 164, 178 \fboxsep.................... 164, 178 \fcolorbox...................... 178 figure*.................... 162 \figurename..................... 161 figure..................... 125 filecontents............... 17 \fill............................ 173 \filltype....................... 145 \flat ( )....................... 116 flushleft.................. 41 flushright................. 41 \fnsymbol........................ 95 \footnote........................ 30 \footnotemark.................. 129 \footnotesize................ 44, 45 \footnotetext.................. 129 \footrulewidth................. 155 \footskip....................... 151 \forall ( ).................... 116 \frac................... 106, 119, 122 \framebox................... 164, 167 \frontmatter..................... 26 \frown ( )..................... 114 fverbatim................. 170 G \Gamma (Γ)...................... 113 \gamma (γ)...................... 112 \gcd (gcd)...................... 105 \ge ( )......................... 114 \gg ( )........................ 114 \grave (à)...................... 115 \grid....................... 143, 144 \gtfamily........................ 46 \guillemotleft («)............. 32 \guillemotright (»)............ 32 \guilsinglleft ( ).............. 32 \guilsinglright ( )............. 32 H \H ( a)............................ 32 \hat (â)........................ 115 \hbar ( )....................... 116 \HCode............................ 77 \headheight..................... 151 \headrulewidth................. 155 \headsep........................ 151 \heartsuit ( )................. 116 \hfil............................ 173 \hfill........................... 173 \hline...................... 110, 127 \hoffset........................ 151 \hom (hom)..................... 105 \hookleftarrow ( )........... 115 \hookrightarrow ( ).......... 115 \hphantom....................... 121 \href............................ 186 \hrulefill...................... 174 \hspace.......................... 157 \hspace*.................... 157, 171 \hss............................. 120 \Huge.......................... 44, 45 \huge.......................... 44, 45 \hypertarget.................... 186 \hyphenation..................... 38 I \i (ı)............................ 32 \Im (I)......................... 116 \imath (ı)...................... 116 \in ( )......................... 114 \include........................ 174 \includegraphics.......... 131, 132 \includeonly.................... 174 \indent....................... 27, 28 indentation................ 28 \indexname...................... 161 \inf (inf)....................... 105 \infty ( )..................... 116 \input........................... 174 \int ( )........................ 114 \iota (ι)....................... 112 \item............................. 43 itemize..................... 43 \itshape......................... 45 J \j (j)............................ 32 \jmath ( j)...................... 116 \Join ( )...................... 116 \jput............................ 143 230

L A TEX 2ε K \k ( c)............................ 32 \kappa (κ)...................... 112 \ker (ker)...................... 105 L \L (Ł)........................... 32 \l (ł)............................ 32 \label.................... 52, 92, 126 \Lambda (Λ).................... 113 \lambda (λ).................... 112 \langle ( )..................... 107 \LARGE........................ 44, 45 \Large........................ 44, 45 \large........................ 44, 45 \LaTeX........................... 158 \LaTeXe.......................... 158 \layout.......................... 151 \lbrace ({)..................... 107 \lceil ( )...................... 107 \ldots (...).................... 116 \le ( )......................... 114 \leaders........................ 174 \leadsto ( ).................. 116 \left....................... 106, 107 \Leftarrow ( )................ 115 \leftarrow ( )................ 115 \leftarrowfill................. 174 \leftharpoondown ( )......... 115 \leftharpoonup ( )........... 115 \leftidx........................ 104 \Leftrightarrow ( ).......... 115 \leftrightarrow ( ).......... 115 \lfloor ( )..................... 107 \lfoot........................... 155 \lgroup ( ).................... 107 \lhd ( )........................ 116 \lhead........................... 155 \lim (lim)...................... 105 \liminf (lim inf)................ 105 \limits.......................... 106 \limsup (lim sup)............... 105 \line............................ 142 \linewidth...................... 153 \Link............................. 78 \listfigurename................ 161 \listfiles....................... 19 \listoffigures.................. 24 \listoftables................... 24 \listtablename................. 161 list........................ 28 \ll ( )........................ 114 \lmoustache ({)................ 107 \log (log)...................... 105 \Longleftarrow ( =).......... 115 \longleftarrow ( ).......... 115 \Longleftrightarrow ( )... 115 \longmapsto ( ).............. 115 \Longrightarrow (= )......... 115 \longrightarrow ( )......... 115 lrbox...................... 166 \lstdefinelanguage............ 181 \lstdefinestyle................ 180 \lstinputlisting............... 179 \lstlistingname................ 183 lstlisting................ 179 \lstlistlistingname........... 183 \lstlistoflistings............ 183 \lstnewenvironment............ 180 \lstset.......................... 179 \ltrans.......................... 104 M \makeatletter................... 86 \makeatother..................... 86 \makebox........................ 164 \maketitle............... 22, 26, 208 \mapsto ( ).................... 115 \marginpar....................... 30 \marginparpush................. 153 \marginparsep.................. 153 \marginparwidth................ 153 \markboth....................... 154 \markright...................... 154 \mathbb.......................... 103 \mathbf................ 102, 120, 121 \mathcal........................ 102 \mathfrak....................... 103 \mathit.......................... 102 \mathnormal..................... 102 \mathrm..................... 102, 113 \mathsf......................... 102 \mathstrut...................... 121 \mathtt.......................... 102 math....................... 100 \matrix.......................... 111 \matrixput...................... 143 matrix..................... 111 \max (max)..................... 105 \mbox........................ 38, 164 \mcfamily........................ 46 \mdseries........................ 45 \medskip........................ 172 \mho ( )........................ 116 \mid ( )......................... 114 \min (min)...................... 105 minipage.............. 137, 165 \models ( =).................... 114 \month........................... 157 \mp ( )......................... 114 \mu (µ)......................... 112 multicols................. 162 \multicolumn............... 110, 127 \multiput....................... 142 \multiputlist.................. 143 N \nabla ( )..................... 116 \natural ( ).................... 116 \nearrow ( ).................. 115 \neg ( )........................ 116 \negthinspace.................. 171 \neq ( )........................ 114 \newcommand...................... 81 \newcounter...................... 95 \newenvironment................. 82 \newlength...................... 163 \newline......................... 38 \newpage........................ 156 \newsavebox..................... 166 \newtheorem................ 116, 117 \NG (Ŋ).......................... 32 \ng (ŋ).......................... 32 \ni ( )......................... 114 \noindent..................... 27, 28 \nolimits....................... 106 \nonumber....................... 102 \normalsize.................. 44, 45 \not......................... 114, 120 \notin ( )...................... 114 \nu (ν)......................... 112 \number.......................... 157 \nwarrow ( ).................. 115 O \O (Ø)........................... 32 \o (ø)............................ 32 \oddsidemargin................. 151 \odot ( )....................... 114 \OE (Œ).......................... 32 \oe (œ).......................... 32 \oint ( )....................... 114 \Omega (Ω)..................... 113 \omega (ω)..................... 112 \ominus ( ).................... 114 \onecolabstract................ 197 \onecolumn...................... 161 \ooalign........................ 120 \oplus ( )..................... 114 \oslash ( ).................... 114 \otimes ( ).................... 114 \oval............................ 142 \Ovalbox........................ 168 \ovalbox........................ 168 \overbrace...................... 115 \overleftarrow................. 115 \overline....................... 115 \overrightarrow................ 115 P \P ( )............................ 32 \pagecolor...................... 178 \pagenumbering................. 154 \pageref......................... 92 \pagestyle...................... 153 \par....................... 27, 38, 40 \paragraph.................... 23, 24 \parallel ( ).................. 114 \parbox.......................... 165 \parindent....................... 27 \parskip......................... 28 \part.......................... 23, 24 \partial ( )................... 116 \path....................... 145, 185 \perp ( )...................... 114 \phantom........................ 121 \Phi (Φ)........................ 113 \phi (φ)........................ 112 \Pi (Π)......................... 113 \pi (π)......................... 112 \picsquare...................... 143 \Picture......................... 77 \Picture+........................ 77 picture.......... 125, 141, 146 \platex.......................... 158 231

L A TEX 2ε \platexe........................ 158 \pm (±)......................... 114 \pmatrix........................ 111 pmatrix................... 111 \pmod............................ 105 \postchaptername............... 161 \postpartname.................. 161 \postsectionname............... 159 \pounds ( )...................... 32 \Pr (Pr)........................ 105 \prec ( )....................... 114 \preceq ( ).................... 114 \prechaptername................ 161 \prepartname.................... 161 \presectionname................ 159 \prime ( )...................... 116 \prod ( )...................... 114 \propto ( ).................... 114 \protect......................... 84 \providecommand................. 83 \Psi (Ψ)........................ 113 \psi (ψ)........................ 112 \ptex............................ 158 \put............................. 142 \putfile........................ 143 Q \qbezier............... 142, 145, 146 \qquad...................... 103, 171 \quad....................... 103, 171 quotation.................. 35 \quotedblbase ( )............... 32 \quotesinglbase ( )............. 32 quote.................... 28, 35 R \r ( o)............................ 32 \raggedleft...................... 41 \raggedright..................... 41 \raisebox....................... 166 \rangle ( )..................... 107 \rbrace (})..................... 107 \rceil ( )...................... 107 \Re (R)........................ 116 \ref........................... 52, 92 \reflectbox..................... 134 \refname........................ 159 \refstepcounter................. 95 \renewcommand................... 82 \renewenvironment............... 82 \resizebox...................... 135 \rfloor ( )..................... 107 \rfoot........................... 155 \rgroup ( ).................... 107 \rhd ( )........................ 116 \rhead........................... 155 \rho (ρ)........................ 112 \right...................... 106, 107 \Rightarrow ( )............... 115 \rightarrow ( )............... 115 \rightarrowfill................ 174 \rightharpoondown ( )........ 115 \rightharpoonup ( ).......... 115 \rightleftharpoons ( )...... 115 \rmfamily........................ 45 \rmoustache ( { )................ 107 \Roman............................ 95 \roman............................ 95 \rotatebox...................... 134 \rule............................ 167 S \S ( )............................ 32 \samepage....................... 157 \savebox........................ 166 \sb.............................. 104 \Sbox............................ 169 \sbox............................ 166 Sbox....................... 168 \scalebox....................... 134 \scriptscriptstyle............ 111 \scriptsize.................. 44, 45 \scriptstyle.................... 111 \scshape......................... 45 \searrow ( ).................. 115 \sec (sec)...................... 105 \section........... 23, 24, 52, 96, 203 \sectionmark.................... 156 \setbox.......................... 166 \setcounter...................... 95 \setlength...................... 163 \setminus (\).................. 114 \settodepth..................... 163 \settoheigth.................... 163 \settowidth..................... 163 \sffamily........................ 45 \shadowbox...................... 168 \sharp ( )...................... 116 \Sigma (Σ)...................... 113 \sigma (σ)..................... 112 \sim ( )........................ 114 \simeq ( )..................... 114 \sin (sin)....................... 105 \sinh (sinh).................... 105 \slshape......................... 45 \small........................ 44, 45 \smallskip...................... 172 \smash........................... 122 \smile ( )..................... 114 \sp.............................. 104 \spadesuit ( )................. 116 \spline.......................... 145 \sqcap ( )..................... 114 \sqcup ( )..................... 114 \sqrt............................ 106 \sqsubset ( ).................. 116 \sqsubseteq ( )............... 114 \sqsupset ( ).................. 116 \sqsupseteq ( )............... 114 \SS (SS)......................... 32 \ss (ß).......................... 32 \stackrel....................... 119 \star ( )....................... 114 \stepcounter..................... 95 \stretch........................ 173 \subparagraph................ 23, 24 \subsection.............. 23, 24, 203 \subset ( ).................... 114 \subseteq ( ).................. 114 \substack....................... 120 \subsubsection.......... 23, 24, 203 \succ ( )....................... 114 \succeq ( ).................... 114 \sum ( )....................... 114 \sup (sup)...................... 105 \supset ( ).................... 114 \supseteq ( ).................. 114 \surd ( )...................... 116 \swarrow ( ).................. 115 \syntaxonly...................... 47 T \t ( oo)........................... 32 tabbing................... 126 \table............................ 96 table*..................... 162 \tablename...................... 161 \tableofcontents........... 24, 159 table...................... 125 tabular*.................... 51 tabular............ 51, 125, 126 \tan (tan)...................... 105 \tanh (tanh).................... 105 \tau (τ)........................ 112 \TeX............................. 158 \texorpdfstring................ 187 \text............................ 103 \textacutedbl ( )............. 160 \textasciiacute ( )........... 160 \textasciibreve ( )........... 160 \textasciicaron (ˇ)........... 160 \textasciicircum (^)............ 8 \textasciidieresis ( )........ 160 \textasciigrave (`)........... 160 \textasciimacron ( ).......... 160 \textasciitilde (~)............. 8 \textasteriskcentered ( * ).... 160 \textbackslash (\)............... 8 \textbaht ( ).................. 160 \textbar ( )...................... 8 \textbardbl ( )................ 160 \textbf........................... 45 \textbigcircle ( )........... 160 \textblank ( )................. 160 \textborn ( ).................. 160 \textbrokenbar ( )............. 160 \textbullet ( )................ 160 \textcelsius ( C)............. 160 \textcent ( ).................. 160 \textcentoldstyle ( )......... 160 \textcircledp (P)............. 160 \textcolonmonetary ( )....... 160 \textcolor...................... 177 \textcopyleft ( )............. 160 \textcopyright ( )........... 160 \textcurrency ( )............. 160 \textdagger ( )................ 160 \textdaggerdbl ( )............ 160 \textdblhyphen ( )............. 160 \textdblhyphenchar ( )........ 160 \textdegree ( )................ 160 \textdied ( ).................. 160 \textdiscount ( )............. 160 \textdiv ( )................... 160 \textdivorced ( )............. 160 232

L A TEX 2ε \textdollar ($)................ 160 \textdollaroldstyle ($)...... 160 \textdong ( ).................. 160 \textdownarrow ( )............ 160 \texteightoldstyle (8)....... 160 \textestimated ( )............ 160 \texteuro ( ).................. 160 \textfiveoldstyle (5)......... 160 \textflorin (ƒ)................ 160 \textfouroldstyle (4)......... 160 \textfractionsolidus ( )...... 160 \textgravedbl (``)............. 160 \textgreater (>)................. 8 \textgt........................... 46 \textguarani ( ).............. 160 \textheight................ 151, 205 \textinterrobang ( ).......... 160 \textinterrobangdown ( )..... 160 \textit....................... 31, 45 \textlangle ( )................ 160 \textlbrackdbl ( )............ 160 \textleaf ( )................. 160 \textleftarrow ( )........... 160 \textless (<).................... 8 \textlira ( ).................. 160 \textlnot ( ).................. 160 \textlquill ( )................ 160 \textmarried ( )............... 160 \textmc........................... 46 \textmd........................... 45 \textmho ( )................... 160 \textminus ( )................. 160 \textmu (µ).................... 160 \textmusicalnote ( ).......... 160 \textnaira ( )................ 160 \textnineoldstyle (9)......... 160 \textnumero ( )............... 160 \textohm (Ω)................... 160 \textonehalf (½).............. 160 \textoneoldstyle (1).......... 160 \textonequarter (¼).......... 160 \textonesuperior (¹).......... 160 \textopenbullet ( )........... 160 \textordfeminine (ª).......... 160 \textordmasculine (º)......... 160 \textparagraph ( )............ 160 \textperiodcentered ( )....... 160 \textpertenthousand (% ).... 160 \textperthousand (% )........ 160 \textpeso ( ).................. 160 \textpilcrow ( )............... 160 \textpm (±).................... 160 \textquotedbl (")............... 32 \textquotesingle (')........... 160 \textquotestraightdblbase ( )... 160 \textrangle ( )................ 160 \textrbrackdbl ( )............ 160 \textrecipe ( )............... 160 \textreferencemark ( )....... 160 \textregistered ( ).......... 160 \textrightarrow ( ).......... 160 \textrm........................... 45 \textrquill ( )................ 160 \textsc........................... 45 \textsection ( )............... 160 \textservicemark ( )......... 160 \textsevenoldstyle (7)....... 160 \textsf........................... 45 \textsixoldstyle (6).......... 160 \textsl........................... 45 \textsterling ( )............. 160 \textstyle...................... 111 \textsurd ( ).................. 160 \textthreeoldstyle (3)....... 160 \textthreequarters (¾)....... 160 \textthreequartersemdash ( ) 160 \textthreesuperior (³)........ 160 \texttildelow ( ).............. 160 \texttimes ( )................. 160 \texttrademark ( )........... 160 \texttt........................... 45 \texttwelveudash ( )......... 160 \texttwooldstyle (2).......... 160 \texttwosuperior (²).......... 160 \textuparrow ( )............... 160 \textwidth............. 153, 162, 205 \textwon ( ).................. 160 \textyen ( )................... 160 \textzerooldstyle (0)......... 160 \TH (Þ).......................... 32 \th (þ).......................... 32 \thanks........................... 22 \the.............................. 89 thebibliography... 17, 53, 159 theindex................... 17 \theorem.................... 116, 117 \theorembodyfont............... 117 \theoremheaderfont............ 117 \theoremstyle.................. 117 \TheSbox........................ 168 \Theta (Θ)..................... 113 \theta (θ)...................... 112 \Thicklines..................... 145 \thicklines................ 143, 145 \thinlines...................... 143 \thinspace...................... 171 \thispagestyle................. 154 \tilde (ã)...................... 115 \times ( )..................... 114 \tiny.......................... 44, 45 \title............................ 21 \titlepage...................... 208 \today........................... 157 \top ( )........................ 116 \topmargin...................... 151 \triangle ( ).................. 116 \triangleleft ( ).............. 114 \triangleright ( )............ 114 \ttfamily........................ 45 \twocolumn............. 161, 162, 197 U \u (ĭ)............................ 32 \unboldmath..................... 121 \underbrace..................... 115 \underline................. 115, 167 \unlhd ( )..................... 116 \unrhd ( )..................... 116 \Uparrow ( )............... 107, 115 \uparrow ( )............... 107, 115 \upbracefill.................... 174 \Updownarrow ( ).......... 107, 115 \updownarrow ( ).......... 107, 115 \uplus ( )..................... 114 \Upsilon (Υ)................... 113 \upsilon (υ)................... 112 \url......................... 185, 186 \urlstyle....................... 185 \usebox.......................... 166 \usepackage...................... 18 V \v (ˇa)............................ 32 \value............................ 95 \varepsilon (ε)................ 113 \varphi (ϕ).................... 113 \varpi (ϖ)..................... 113 \varrho (ϱ)..................... 113 \varsigma (ς).................. 113 \vartheta (ϑ).................. 113 \vdash ( )...................... 114. \vdots (.)...................... 116 \vec ( a)........................ 115 \vector.......................... 142 \vee ( )........................ 114 \verb........................ 34, 170 \VerbatimEnvironment.......... 170 Verbatim.................. 170 verbatim....... 34, 52, 140, 170 \VerbBox........................ 170 \Vert ( )....................... 107 \vert ( )........................ 107 \vline...................... 110, 127 \voffset........................ 151 \vphantom....................... 121 \vskip........................... 208 \vspace.......................... 157 \vspace*.................... 157, 172 W \wedge ( )..................... 114 \widehat........................ 115 \widetilde...................... 115 \wp ( )......................... 116 \wr ( ).......................... 114 X \Xi (Ξ)......................... 113 \xi (ξ)......................... 112 \xleaders....................... 174 Y \year............................ 157 Z \zeta (ζ)....................... 112 abstract.................... 26 appendix................... 174 array.............. 51, 108, 126 Bcenter.................... 169 Bdescription.............. 169 233

L A TEX 2ε Benumerate................ 169 Beqnarray.................. 168 Bflushleft................ 169 Bflushright............... 169 Bitemize................... 169 cases...................... 122 center...................... 41 comment..................... 34 dashjoin................... 143 description................ 43 displaymath............... 100 document.................... 14 dottedjoin................ 143 drawjoin................... 143 enumerate............... 43, 52 eqnarray............... 96, 102 eqnarray*.................. 101 equation................... 101 figure..................... 125 figure*.................... 162 filecontents............... 17 flushleft................... 41 flushright.................. 41 fverbatim.................. 170 indentation................ 28 itemize..................... 43 list......................... 28 lrbox...................... 166 lstlisting................ 179 math........................ 100 matrix..................... 111 minipage.............. 137, 165 multicols.................. 162 picture........... 125, 141, 146 pmatrix.................... 111 quotation................... 35 quote.................... 28, 35 Sbox........................ 168 tabbing.................... 126 table...................... 125 table*..................... 162 tabular............ 51, 125, 126 tabular*.................... 51 thebibliography.... 17, 53, 159 theindex.................... 17 Verbatim................... 170 verbatim....... 34, 52, 140, 170 \............................ 157 \............................ 157 234

/............................. 34, 87 #.............................. 8, 87 $....................... 8, 10, 87, 99 $$.............................. 100 $texmf........................... 14 %........................... 8, 34, 87 &.............................. 8, 87 array............ 109 eqnarray*........ 101 tabular.......... 127................................. 35 (............................... 107 )............................... 107 *................................. 12,................................. 29 -................................. 37.................................. 29 /........................... 108, 122 <.................................. 8 >.................................. 8 @................................. 86 [............................... 107 \........................... 8, 80, 87 ]............................... 107 ^.......................... 8, 87, 104 _.......................... 8, 87, 104................................. 35 {.............................. 8, 87 }............................... 8, 87............................. 8, 107 ~...................... 8, 40, 87, 171 10pt.......................... 29, 50 11pt............................. 50 12pt............................. 50 12Q.............................. 50 14pt............................. 50 14Q.............................. 50 17pt............................. 50 1............................ 50 20pt............................. 50 21pt............................. 50 25pt............................. 50 2...................... 105 2.................. 146 2........................ 15 2.................. 15, 36 2............... 48, 50, 156, 197............ 161............ 161 30pt............................. 50 36pt............................. 50 3................ 146 43pt............................. 50 9pt............................... 50 A a4j........................... 50, 51 a4paper.................. 50, 51, 187 a4var............................. 51 a5j........................... 50, 51 a5paper.................. 50, 51, 187 a6paper.......................... 51 abbrv............................ 61 abstract......................... 197 Acrobat Reader................... 69 Adobe Reader..................... 69 afterpage......................... 52 Alan Jeffrey..................... 217 Alexander Samarin............... 212 alpha............................ 61 American Mathematical Society.... 51 amsbsy......................... 121 amsfonts........................ 116 AMS-LATEX...................... 51 amsmath.. 51, 103, 111, 120, 121, 219 amssymb................... 103, 116 AMS-TEX........................ 51 amsthm......................... 117 Angus Duggan.................... 68 array............................. 51 article.................... 23, 49, 197 article.cls..................... 49 ascii.............................. 32 ascmac.......................... 32.aux ( )...................... 17 B b4j........................... 50, 51 b4paper....................... 50, 51 b5j........................... 50, 51 b5paper.................. 50, 51, 187 b5var............................ 51 babel............................ 51 balance......................... 162 bash............................ 209.bbl ( )...................... 17 Bernd Raichle.................... 217.bib ( )...................... 16 BIBTEX........................... 53 bk10.clo........................ 49 bk11.clo........................ 49 bk12.clo........................ 49.blg ( )...................... 17 bm.......................... 52, 121 book............................. 49 book.cls........................ 49 bookmarks...................... 187 bookmarksnumbered............. 187 bookmarksopen.................. 187 bookmarkstype.................. 187 boookmarksopenlevel............ 187 breaklinks....................... 187 Brian Berliner.................... 196 Brian Kernighan................. 146.bst ( )...................... 16 C Calc............................ 130 calc......................... 51, 168 Calc2LaTeX..................... 130 Canna........................... 130 Carsten Heinz............... 178, 219 Chaikin..................... 145 chapter............. 93 charset........................... 76 Cho Jin Hwan............. 68, 70, 218 Chris Rowley................ 217, 218 cid-x.map....................... 73 cite.............................. 62 class............................. 48 classes........................... 49 classes.dtx..................... 49 classes.ins..................... 49.clo ( )...................... 16.cls ( )...................... 16 CMap................... 73 color.................... 51, 149, 176 colorlinks....................... 187 comment......................... 34 Computer Modern................. 46 config.ps....................... 67 Conrad Kwok.................... 144 CTAN........................... 216 CV Radhakrishnan............... 150 CV Rajagopal.................... 150 CVS............................ 196 D David Carlisle............... 176, 217 david d zuhn..................... 196 dcolumn.......................... 52 delarray.......................... 52 Denys Duchier................... 217 DocStrip......................... 49 Donald Arseneau............. 62, 185 Donald Knuth..... 1, 46, 147, 148, 214 doublespace...................... 29 draft............................. 50 DTP............................. 66.dtx ( )...................... 16 DVI............................ 5, 66.dvi ( )...................... 17 dviout............................ 12 Dvipdfm.......................... 68 dvipdfm................ 131, 132, 187 235

Dvipdfmx..................... 68, 149 dvips................... 131, 132, 187 dvips..................... 67, 68, 149 dvipsnames...................... 177 E ebb.............................. 69 eepic........................... 144 Eitan Gurari...................... 75 Elisabeth Schlegl................. 216 Emacs................. 189, 192, 210 VC......................... 196 emath........................... 221 Encapsulated PostScript........... 130 english........................... 51 enumerate....................... 52 enumi............... 93 enumii.............. 93 enumiii............. 93 enumiv.............. 93 epic........................ 143, 144 EPS........................ 130, 131.eps ( )...................... 17 eps2eps......................... 135 EPS-Conv................... 135, 138 epstopdf................. 72, 139, 150 equation............ 93 Excel........................... 130 Excel2latex...................... 130 Exel2tabular..................... 130 F fancybox........................ 168 fancyhdr........................ 154 fancyheadings................... 154.fd ( )....................... 16 figure.............. 93 fil............................. 172 fill............................ 172 final............................. 50 fixill.pl.......................... 137 fleqn......................... 50, 100 fn-in............................. 76 fontdef.dtx................... 173 fontenc................... 31, 33, 159 fonts+............................ 76 fontsmpl.......................... 52 footnote............ 93 Frank Jensen..................... 218 Frank Mittelbach.. i, 47, 116, 117, 162, 212, 217 Free Software Foundation......... viii FSF............................. viii ftnright........................... 52 funthesis........................ 203 G geometry........................ 153 George Gratzer................... 214 Ghostscript................ 66, 72, 139 gif............................... 76 GIMP........................... 212 GNU Emacs.................. 189 Ghostscript............... 72 Gnuplot......................... 212 Google.......................... 216 graphicx.......... 19, 51, 70, 130 132 gzip............................. 193 H Harald harders................... 104 hhline............................ 52 ht................................ 75 htm.............................. 76 HTML........................... 66 html............................. 76 HTML....................... 77 Hubert Gäßlein................... 146 Hubert partl...................... 216 Hyper Link....................... 66 hyperref.................. 77, 78, 186 HyperTEX........................ 68 I.idx ( )...................... 17.ilg ( )...................... 17 Illustrator................... 136, 141 ImageMagick................. 75, 135.ind ( )...................... 17 indent............................ 28 indentfirst................ 28, 52, 207 info............................... 9 Ingo H. de Boer.................. 190.ins ( )...................... 16 Irene Hyna...................... 216 ISO9660.......................... 76.ist ( )...................... 16 J j-article........................... 75 j-book............................ 75 j-report........................... 75 jabbrv............................ 61 JabRef........................... 64 jalpha............................ 61 jarticle............. 18, 23, 49, 52, 197 JBIBTEX....................... 53, 55 JBIBTEX Maneger................. 64 jbook............................. 49 jclasses.......................... 50 Jeff Polk......................... 196 Jim Kingdon..................... 196 jlisting.sty.................. 179 jlshort........................... 216 Johannes Braams................. 217 John Collins..................... 195 John Hobby...................... 147 jpg............................... 76 jplain............................. 61 jplain.bst...................... 58 jreport.................... 49, 52, 202 jsarticle...................... 50, 197 jsbook............... 26, 50, 202, 205 jsclasses................ 50, 158, 171 jspf.............................. 50 junsrt............................ 61 L A TEX 2ε K Karl Berry................... 67, 218 Keith Reckdahl.................. 219 Kent McPherson................. 217 Kpathsearch................... 14, 67 kpsewhich........................ 14 Kresten Thorup.................. 218 L landscape......................... 50 LATEX.............................. 2 LATEX2.09......................... 3 LATEX 2ε........................... 3 latex2html....................... 187 latexmk...................... 59, 195 latexsym........................ 116 layout........................ 52, 151 leftidx........................... 104 leqno............................. 50 Leslie Lamport............ i, 2, 3, 217 less............................ 9, 14 letterpaper........................ 50 listings..................... 178, 181.lof ( )...................... 17.log ( )...................... 17 longtable......................... 52.lot ( )...................... 17 lshort........................... 216 ltboxes.dtx................... 164 ltplain.dtx................... 173 M Make.................... 59, 190, 195 make............................ 210 Makefile................... 191, 192 Makefile.gz................... 193 MakeIndex....................... 17 Marcin Wolinski................. 217 Mark Wicks.................. 68, 218 Mark Wooding................... 217 Mathematica................ 136, 137 mathpazo........................ 47 mathptmx........................ 47 MATLAB................... 137, 211 Meadow......................... 210 mendex........................... 17 METAFONT.................... 147 METAPOST.................... 147 Michael Downes............. 219, 220 Michel Goossens............... i, 212 mikachanall.ttc................ 73 Morten Alver..................... 64 mpfootnote......... 93 multicol...................... 52, 162 N next.............................. 76 Nizar Batada...................... 64 nosort............................ 62 nospace.......................... 62 notitlepage........................ 50 236

L A TEX 2ε O Octave.......................... 211 okumacro..................... 32, 37 onecolumn........................ 50 oneside...................... 50, 151 openany.......................... 50 OpenOffice.org................... 209 openright......................... 50 Oren Patashnik............... 53, 218 P package.......................... 48 page................ 93 paragraph.......... 93 part................ 93 PDF.............................. 66 pdfε-latex........................ 71 pdffonts.......................... 74 pdfimages........................ 74 pdfinfo....................... 74, 188 pdflatex...................... 65, 71 pdftex........................... 187 pdftops........................... 73 pdftotext.......................... 74 pdftricks......................... 150 pdfwrite......................... 131 PDF................ 68 pdvips............................ 67 Perl.................... 195, 210, 211 Philipp Lehman.................. 218 photoshop....................... 137 PIC.............................. 146 pic-align.......................... 76 pic-array......................... 76 pic-eqnarray...................... 76 pic-equation...................... 76 pic-m............................ 76 pic-m+........................... 76 pic-matrix........................ 76 pict2e....................... 70, 146 Piet Oostrum................ 154, 219 plain............................. 61 plain2........................... 140 platex............................ 3 png.............................. 76 PostScript........................ 66 proc.............................. 49 proc.dtx........................ 49 ps2pdf.......................... 187 ps2pdf14......................... 72 pst-all........................... 149 pst-col.......................... 149 pst2pdf.......................... 150 PSTricks........................ 149 psutils............................ 68 ptex.............................. 3 pxdvi............................. 12 pxfonts.................. 47, 121, 159 R Rainer Schöpf................ 47, 217 Red Hat.......................... 67 Ref for Windows.................. 64 report............................ 49 report.cls...................... 49 Richard Stallman............... i, viii Robert Ritter..................... 215 Rolf Niepraschk.................. 146 Ruby............................ 211 S Scott Pakin...................... 218 Sebastian Rahtz............ i, 186, 212 secnumdepth........ 26 section............. 93 section+.......................... 76 showkeys........................ 52 size10.clo...................... 49 size11.clo...................... 49 size12.clo...................... 49 slides............................ 49 slides.dtx...................... 49 space............................. 62.sty ( )...................... 16 subparagraph....... 93 subsection......... 93 subsubsection...... 93 Sunil Podar................. 143, 144 syntonly.......................... 47 T T1............................... 31 t4ht.............................. 78 table............... 93 tabularx.......................... 52 tarticle........................... 49 tbook............................ 49 TEX............................... 1.tex ( )...................... 16 TEX4ht........................... 75 tex4ht............................ 75 tex4ht........................... 187 Texinfo.......................... 178 texmf.cnf....................... 14 textcomp................. 32, 33, 159 Tgif........................ 130, 212 theorem..................... 52, 117 Tim Berners-Lee.................. 79 Tim Morgan..................... 146 Timothy Zandt.......... 149, 167, 219 titlepage.......................... 50 Tobias Oetiker................... 216.toc ( )...................... 17 tocdepth............ 26 Tomas Rokicki............... 67, 137 tools............................. 51 Tpic............................. 146 treport........................... 49 TtH............................... 74 twocolumn....................... 50 twoside................. 50, 151, 155 txfonts............... 46, 47, 121, 159 U Unicode.......................... 70 unsrt............................. 61 url........................... 78, 185 usenames........................ 177 V varioref........................... 52 verbatim.......................... 52 Victor Eijkhout.................... 34 Vine Linux...................... 209 Vlandimir Volovich............... 218 W Werner Lemberg................. 218 WinShell........................ 190 World Wide Web................... 4 WYSIWYG........................ 2 X xdvi.............................. 12 XFree86......................... 130 xhtml............................ 76 xpdf.............................. 73 xpdfrc........................... 73 xr................................ 52 xspace........................... 52 Y YaTeX.......................... 189 Young Ryu....................... 46...................... 28, 39, 170.............. 171.............. 170................. 39.................... 39................. 39....................... 32.................. 115................ 115.................. 115.................... 32................... 32.................. 56, 86........................ 130.................... 154........................ 213..................... 45................... 31.......................... 222............... 15........................... 43........................ 216........................... 50....................... 27.......................... 28, 30................. 36................. 36.................... 35.................. 28, 35............... 36..................... 15, 36, 40 237

L A TEX 2ε........................ 213........................ 140........................ 220........................ 153........................ 130.......................... 104...................... 3, 213............................... 142........................ 15, 32............................ 145.......................... 114.................. 120 2................ 105, 114..................... 114...................... 114..................... 66, 220........................ 221.............. 3, 50, 178, 220...................... 3, 213.................... 2 10pt...................... 29, 50 11pt......................... 50 12pt......................... 50 12Q......................... 50 14pt......................... 50 14Q......................... 50 17pt......................... 50 20pt......................... 50 21pt......................... 50 25pt......................... 50 30pt......................... 50 36pt......................... 50 43pt......................... 50 9pt.......................... 50 a4j....................... 50, 51 a4paper.............. 50, 51, 187 a4var........................ 51 a5j....................... 50, 51 a5paper.............. 50, 51, 187 a6paper...................... 51 b4j....................... 50, 51 b4paper................... 50, 51 b5j....................... 50, 51 b5paper.............. 50, 51, 187 b5var........................ 51 bookmarks.................. 187 bookmarksnumbered......... 187 bookmarksopen.............. 187 bookmarkstype.............. 187 boookmarksopenlevel........ 187 breaklinks................... 187 charset....................... 76 colorlinks................... 187 draft......................... 50 dvipdfm........... 131, 132, 187 dvips.............. 131, 132, 187 dvipsnames.................. 177 english....................... 51 final......................... 50 fleqn.................... 50, 100 fn-in......................... 76 fonts+....................... 76 gif........................... 76 htm.......................... 76 html......................... 76 jpg........................... 76 landscape.................... 50 latex2html................... 187 leqno........................ 50 letterpaper.................... 50 next......................... 76 nosort........................ 62 nospace...................... 62 notitlepage................... 50 onecolumn................... 50 oneside.................. 50, 151 openany...................... 50 openright..................... 50 pdftex....................... 187 pic-align..................... 76 pic-array..................... 76 pic-eqnarray.................. 76 pic-equation.................. 76 pic-m........................ 76 pic-m+....................... 76 pic-matrix.................... 76 png.......................... 76 ps2pdf...................... 187 section+...................... 76 space........................ 62 T1........................... 31 tex4ht....................... 187 titlepage...................... 50 twocolumn................... 50 twoside............. 50, 151, 155 usenames................... 177 xhtml........................ 76...................... 117.......................... 144....................... 27, 34, 38 array.......... 109 eqnarray...... 101 LATEX............... 34........... 41......... 87................... 38................... 38............... 34........................... 38............................ 157............................ 134..................... 131..................... 135................ 134.............................. 26......................... 92................... 95................... 95 chapter..................... 93 enumi........................ 93 enumii...................... 93 enumiii..................... 93 enumiv...................... 93 equation.................... 93 figure...................... 93 footnote.................... 93 mpfootnote.................. 93 page......................... 93 paragraph................... 93 part......................... 93 secnumdepth................ 26 section..................... 93 subparagraph............... 93 subsection.................. 93 subsubsection.............. 93 table........................ 93 tocdepth.................... 26....................... 117.................. 214...................... 214.......................... 124................... 15, 30, 36....................... 16, 123............................ 134............ 108..................... 133................. 68................ 134........................ 16, 48.aux.......................... 17.bbl.......................... 17.bib.......................... 16.blg.......................... 17.bst.......................... 16.clo.......................... 16.cls.......................... 16.dtx.......................... 16.dvi.......................... 17.eps.......................... 17.fd........................... 16.idx.......................... 17.ilg.......................... 17.ind.......................... 17.ins.......................... 16.ist.......................... 16.lof.......................... 17.log.......................... 17.lot.......................... 17.sty.......................... 16.tex.......................... 16.toc.......................... 17.................. 75, 187, 220......................... 43............... 43............... 43............... 43......................... 31, 167................... 31......................... 15, 106.............................. 39................. 86.................... 163.......................... 15, 81 238

L A TEX 2ε abstract.................... 26 appendix................... 174 array.............. 51, 108, 126 Bcenter.................... 169 Bdescription.............. 169 Benumerate................ 169 Beqnarray.................. 168 Bflushleft................ 169 Bflushright............... 169 Bitemize................... 169 cases...................... 122 center...................... 41 comment..................... 34 dashjoin................... 143 description................ 43 displaymath............... 100 document.................... 14 dottedjoin................ 143 drawjoin................... 143 enumerate............... 43, 52 eqnarray............... 96, 102 eqnarray*.................. 101 equation................... 101 figure..................... 125 figure*.................... 162 filecontents............... 17 flushleft................... 41 flushright.................. 41 fverbatim.................. 170 indentation................ 28 itemize..................... 43 list......................... 28 lrbox...................... 166 lstlisting................ 179 math........................ 100 matrix..................... 111 minipage.............. 137, 165 multicols.................. 162 picture........... 125, 141, 146 pmatrix.................... 111 quotation................... 35 quote.................... 28, 35 Sbox........................ 168 tabbing.................... 126 table...................... 125 table*..................... 162 tabular............ 51, 125, 126 tabular*.................... 51 thebibliography.... 17, 53, 159 theindex.................... 17 Verbatim................... 170 verbatim....... 34, 52, 140, 170................ 117................ 117................ 117.......................... 114......................... 79, 159............ 120.............. 119................... 79............... 32........................ 32.......... 105.................. 106..................... 121................. 99, 112..................... 105........................ 32.......... 106...................... 32..................... 159............. 31, 32, 81.................. 119.................. 121...................... 157......................... 46...................... 30, 45, 185 2................ 52 minipage...... 165.................. 129.................. 28, 181, 205......................... 40.......................... 31, 44................. 46................. 31................ 31, 46......................... 56, 171......................... 88.................. 142 2............... 146 3............... 146 Chaikin.................. 145..................... 140.............. 140.................. 140............... 112, 121................ 112................ 112............ 113........................ 140.............................. 99.................... 40..................... 40................. 40.......................... 106.................... 106.................... 62............... 86.................... 37.................... 22...................... 35................ 156...................... 106.............................. 29........................... 29........................ 221............................... 1........................... 48 article................ 23, 49, 197 book......................... 49 classes...................... 49 funthesis.................... 203 j-article...................... 75 j-book........................ 75 j-report....................... 75 jarticle........ 18, 23, 49, 52, 197 jbook........................ 49 jclasses...................... 50 jreport............... 49, 52, 202 jsarticle.................. 50, 197 jsbook........... 26, 50, 202, 205 jsclasses............ 50, 158, 171 jspf.......................... 50 proc......................... 49 report........................ 49 slides........................ 49 tarticle....................... 49 tbook........................ 49 treport....................... 49................. 50.......................... 172............. 81, 99, 100..................... 90............................ 167.................. 164 2............... 153.................. 109.................. 127............ 155............ 155.............. 8.............. 189................. 34................... 47................... 17................ 196.................. 174............................... 145 ASCII.................... 32............... 86...................... 86...................... 102....................... 46.................... 163....................... 5, 15...... 9, 67............... 14................. 90............. 14................. 90......................... 34................... 34............. 80................. 80................. 80................... 80........................ 6........................... 19 239

........................... 45............................ 176..................... 36......................... 50......................... 53..................... 45......................... 45............... 45....... 45................. 45............................ 176........................... 27............... 28................... 27.................... 28............... 27.............. 165............. 52.......................... 104........................... 39........................ 213............................ 134.......................... 1........................... 52....................... 26, 203............................... 176................ 178.................. 177.............................. 48..................... 36........................... 84......................... 45................. 45............... 45................. 35 Alan Jeffrey................. 217 Alexander Samarin........... 212 Angus Duggan................ 68 Bernd Raichle............... 217 Brian Berliner............... 196 Brian Kernighan............. 146 Carsten Heinz........... 178, 219 Cho Jin Hwan......... 68, 70, 218 Chris Rowley........... 217, 218 Conrad Kwok................ 144 CV Radhakrishnan........... 150 CV Rajagopal............... 150 David Carlisle........... 176, 217 david d zuhn................. 196 Denys Duchier............... 217 Donald Arseneau......... 62, 185 Donald Knuth. 1, 46, 147, 148, 214 Eitan Gurari.................. 75 Elisabeth Schlegl............. 216 Frank Jensen................ 218 Frank Mittelbach.. i, 47, 116, 117, 162, 212, 217 George Gratzer.............. 214 Harald harders............... 104 Hubert Gäßlein.............. 146 Hubert partl................. 216 Ingo H. de Boer.............. 190 Irene Hyna.................. 216 Jeff Polk.................... 196 Jim Kingdon................. 196 Johannes Braams............. 217 John Collins................. 195 John Hobby................. 147 Karl Berry............... 67, 218 Keith Reckdahl.............. 219 Kent McPherson............. 217 Kresten Thorup.............. 218 Leslie Lamport........ i, 2, 3, 217 Marcin Wolinski............. 217 Mark Wicks.............. 68, 218 Mark Wooding............... 217 Michael Downes........ 219, 220 Michel Goossens........... i, 212 Morten Alver................. 64 Nizar Batada.................. 64 Oren Patashnik........... 53, 218 Philipp Lehman.............. 218 Piet Oostrum............ 154, 219 Rainer Schöpf............ 47, 217 Richard Stallman........... i, viii Robert Ritter................ 215 Rolf Niepraschk............. 146 Scott Pakin.................. 218 Sebastian Rahtz........ i, 186, 212 Sunil Podar............. 143, 144 Tim Berners-Lee.............. 79 Tim Morgan................. 146 Timothy Zandt...... 149, 167, 219 Tobias Oetiker............... 216 Tomas Rokicki........... 67, 137 Victor Eijkhout............... 34 Vlandimir Volovich.......... 218 Werner Lemberg............. 218 Young Ryu................... 46.................... 130.................... 213...................... 222.................... 216.................... 213.................... 140.................... 220.................... 153.................... 130.................. 3, 213................. 66, 220.................... 221.......... 3, 50, 178, 220.................. 3, 213.............. 75, 187, 220.................... 221.................... 213.................. 190.................... 222....................... 78...................... 130..................... 78.................... 222.................... 3, 213.................... 216.................... viii L A TEX 2ε...................... 189..................... 68............... 189, 221............. 3, 213, 220.................... 216.................... 222.................... 218................... 73.................... 221............... 178, 214.................... 161........................ 105..................... 99, 112......... 103................... 50................... 99............ 102.............. 103................ 100....... 111.................. 120............... 50................... 99.............. 101........ 102...................... 99..................... 100....................... 99........................ 163......................... 88.................... 88...................... 190................ 183...................... 16................. 16............... 53.................. 154...................... 126.................. 140........................ 126............. 45....................... 24, 161....................... 45.......................... 140............................... 5............................ 157........................ 105 ( )....................... 32........................ 186.............................. 81............. 90................... 31......................... 91............... 91 240

L A TEX 2ε............. 98.......... 7................... 95................. 92....... 186........... 52.......... 184............. 52........................ 186.......................... 104................ 104................ 104................... 48........................... 90......................... 88...................... 6................... 45.................... 124 x.................. 29..................... 131................ 151.............. 151................ 121........................ 222...................... 222...................... 161, 217......................... 37................... 30................... 28........................... 78.............................. 29......................... 50, 217....................... 39................... 39....................... 35....................... 40 ( )..................... 32.......................... 163......................... 41.............. 169.............................. 30...................... 160........................ 112, 113................... 99........................ 176.............. 17, 18............................... 116 i.................. 32 j.................. 32...................... 29..................... 140............................ 144.............................. 29............................ 140......................... 23............... 48............... 18......................... 34......................... 31......................... 50.......................... 130............................ 163................... 29 1................... 109................ 163................ 163......................... 78........................ 222........................ 3, 213................ 15, 56, 88, 123............. 34......................... 15.......................... 157.......................... 163........................ 216.................... 110, 122......... 196................... 66... 68, 69, 137............................... 164.............. 166................ 166.................. 166.................. 166................ 165.............. 172............ 167, 178..................... 186..................... 186............................ 144................. 13................. 15....................... 48............... 19 abstract..................... 197 afterpage.................... 52 amsbsy..................... 121 amsfonts.................... 116 amsmath.. 51, 103, 111, 120, 121, 219 amssymb............... 103, 116 amsthm..................... 117 array......................... 51 ascmac...................... 32 babel........................ 51 balance..................... 162 bm...................... 52, 121 calc..................... 51, 168 cite.......................... 62 color................ 51, 149, 176 comment..................... 34 dcolumn..................... 52 delarray...................... 52 DocStrip..................... 49 doublespace................. 29 eepic....................... 144 emath...................... 221 enumerate................... 52 epic.................... 143, 144 fancybox.................... 168 fancyhdr.................... 154 fancyheadings............... 154 fontenc............... 31, 33, 159 fontsmpl..................... 52 ftnright....................... 52 geometry................... 153 graphicx...... 19, 51, 70, 130 132 hhline........................ 52 hyperref.............. 77, 78, 186 indent........................ 28 indentfirst............ 28, 52, 207 latexsym.................... 116 layout................... 52, 151 leftidx....................... 104 listings................. 178, 181 longtable..................... 52 mathpazo.................... 47 mathptmx.................... 47 multicol.................. 52, 162 okumacro................. 32, 37 pdftricks.................... 150 pict2e................... 70, 146 pst-all....................... 149 pst-col...................... 149 PSTricks.................... 149 pxfonts.............. 47, 121, 159 showkeys.................... 52 syntonly...................... 47 tabularx...................... 52 tex4ht........................ 75 textcomp............. 32, 33, 159 theorem................. 52, 117 tools......................... 51 txfonts........... 46, 47, 121, 159 url....................... 78, 185 varioref...................... 52 verbatim..................... 52 xr............................ 52 xspace....................... 52......................... viii..................... 12 M................. 29.................. 133.................. 109.................. 153.................. 153.................. 122 241

L A TEX 2ε.......................... 189...................... 196, 210 PDF..... 187............... 43.................. 129....................... 180................. 60............... 55.................. 101................ 125.............. 125......... 93...................... 23................ 125.......... 102.................. 153............. 93.................... 101............................ 151.................. 153........................... 9, 15........................... 41.............. 169.................. 100...................... 157......................... 15................ 114.................... 161................ 142, 146................ 144.................. 142.................. 144.................. 144........................ 153...................... 208.......................... 21, 50............... 50............. 50.................. 208........................ 126....................... 24, 161......................... 68.................... 189, 221.............................. 84 $texmf...................... 14............ 136 article.cls................ 49 bk10.clo.................... 49 bk11.clo.................... 49 bk12.clo.................... 49 book.cls.................... 49 cid-x.map................... 73 classes.dtx................ 49 classes.ins................ 49 config.ps................... 67 DVI....................... 7 EPS..................... 131 fontdef.dtx............... 173 jlisting.sty.............. 179 jplain.bst.................. 58 ltboxes.dtx............... 164 ltplain.dtx............... 173 Makefile.............. 191, 192 Makefile.gz............... 193 mikachanall.ttc............ 73 PDF................ 139, 188 proc.dtx.................... 49 report.cls.................. 49 size10.clo.................. 49 size11.clo.................. 49 size12.clo.................. 49 slides.dtx.................. 49 texmf.cnf................... 14 xpdfrc...................... 73..................... 125.................. 151..................... 5...................... 25............. 61......... 55.............. 100................. 25....................... 7....................... 45............... 45............. 45................. 45....... 131................. 45.............. 218.............. 147.................. 219 Type1................... 141 Unicode.................. 77.............. 136............... 68......... 33, 136...................... 101.............. 102................. 3, 213, 220.......................... 125............................ 120............ 206....... 102.................. 18, 56................. 14........................ 216........................ 2..................... 12...................... 174 Acrobat Reader............... 69 Adobe Reader................ 69 AMS-LATEX.................. 51 AMS-TEX.................... 51 ascii......................... 32 bash........................ 209 BIBTEX....................... 53 Calc........................ 130 Calc2LaTeX................. 130 Canna....................... 130 CVS........................ 196 dviout........................ 12 Dvipdfm..................... 68 Dvipdfmx................ 68, 149 dvips................. 67, 68, 149 ebb.......................... 69 Emacs............. 189, 192, 210 eps2eps..................... 135 EPS-Conv............... 135, 138 epstopdf............. 72, 139, 150 Excel....................... 130 Excel2latex.................. 130 Exel2tabular................. 130 fixill.pl...................... 137 Ghostscript............ 66, 72, 139 GIMP....................... 212 Gnuplot..................... 212 gzip........................ 193 ht............................ 75 HyperTEX.................... 68 Illustrator............... 136, 141 ImageMagick............. 75, 135 info........................... 9 JabRef....................... 64 JBIBTEX................... 53, 55 JBIBTEX Maneger............. 64 Kpathsearch.................. 14 kpsewhich.................... 14 LATEX......................... 2 latexmk.................. 59, 195 less........................ 9, 14 Make............... 59, 190, 195 make........................ 210 MakeIndex................... 17 Mathematica............ 136, 137 MATLAB............... 137, 211 Meadow..................... 210 mendex...................... 17 METAFONT................ 147 METAPOST................ 147 Octave...................... 211 OpenOffice.org.............. 209 pdfε-latex................... 71 pdffonts...................... 74 pdfimages.................... 74 pdfinfo.................. 74, 188 pdflatex.................. 65, 71 pdftops....................... 73 pdftotext..................... 74 pdvips....................... 67 Perl................ 195, 210, 211 photoshop................... 137 PIC......................... 146 plain2....................... 140 ps2pdf14..................... 72 pst2pdf...................... 150 psutils........................ 68 pxdvi........................ 12 Ref for Windows.............. 64 Ruby....................... 211 t4ht.......................... 78 TEX........................... 1 TEX4ht...................... 75 242

L A TEX 2ε Texinfo..................... 178 Tgif.................... 130, 212 Tpic......................... 146 TtH.......................... 74 Vine Linux.................. 209 WinShell.................... 190 xdvi......................... 12 xpdf......................... 73 YaTeX...................... 189......................... 39................... 64 abbrv........................ 61 alpha........................ 61 jabbrv........................ 61 jalpha........................ 61 jplain......................... 61 junsrt........................ 61 plain......................... 61 unsrt......................... 61................. 55....................... 48............... 18............................ 106................ 111....................... 112......................... 99......................... 35....................... 51.............. 17, 65................ 154.................. 153......... 157................ 178.................. 153......... 157.............. 165.................. 151.............. 151................. 68....................... 156...................... 50.................... 156........................ 142.................... 131.................... 114.................... 140...................... 140......................... 34......................... 99......................... 88, 113........................ 112...................... 119............................... 105.............................. 30....................... 45......................... 31........................ 222................... 36.............. 44, 66, 79................. 48......................... 26....................... 18........................... 48................. 81............. 119, 214................... 81............... 48........................ 218....................... 15, 123....................... 73........................... 41.............. 169........................... 23................... 23................... 52............... 26................... 24.................. 159..................... 126..................... 126..................... 45........................... 46.............................. 84............................ 176.......................... 15, 81............. 90........................... 68........................... 99...................... 99................. 99.............................. 24................... 92......... 26................... 26......... 159......... 17 secnumdepth................ 26 tocdepth.................... 26................... 24, 161................... 24, 161....................... 39....................... 50........................ 115, 142........................ 221........................... 16............................ 151.................. 151................. 50....... 67, 68................. 50................ 50, 68.................... 50, 51......................... 50...................... 110, 127.................... 178, 214............................ 151...................... 31, 81........................... 91.......................... 173.................... 109, 127.......................... 112...................... 154....................... 45..................... 17............ 128............ 164.................... 178.................. 164 2................... 167............................ 157 243

L A TEX 2ε 2004, 2005 2004 4 2 0.1 2004 4 16 0.2 2004 4 30 0.2a 2004 8 5 0.3 2004 10 14 0.3b 2004 12 28 0.3c 2005 3 20 0.3d