SD
(Burns & Beier, 1973; Ekman, Friesen, O Sullivan, & Scherer, 1980; Zuckerman, Amidon, Bishop, & Pomerantz, 1982) (Dion, Berscheid, & Walster, 1972) (Guise,B.J.,Pollans,C.H.,&Turkat,I.D., 1982) Brown, Strong, & Rencher (1974) (benevolence)
(competence) (Bull & Stevens, 1979; Warner & Sugarman, 1986) Bull & Stevens Warner & Sugarman (1986) Lippa (1977) (androgynous) 1984
SD SD. cm cm SD
(2004)..
t
t
α α α α SD SD SD p p p p p α
SD M SD M SD M SD Fp Fp Fp SD SD Fp SD SD Fp SD SD Fp
λ
λ
SD Warner & Sugarman (1986)
(Lippa, 1977) Lippa (2008) SD (Zweigenhaft, 1977)Stapel & Blanton (2004) Aiken & Zweigenhaft (1978) Zweigenhaft & Marlowe (1973) Rudman, L. A., Dohn, M. C., & Fairchild, K. (2007) Zweigenhaft
Aiken, L. R., & Zweigenhaft, R. L. (1978). Signature size, sex and status in Iran. Journal of Social Psychology, 106, 273-274. Brown, B. L., Strong, W. J., & Rencher, A. C. (1974). Fifty-four voices from two: The effects of simultaneous manipulations of rate, mean fundamental frequency, and variance of fundamental frequency on ratings of personality from speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 55, 313-318. Bull, R., & Stevens, J. (1979). The effects of attractiveness of writer and penmanship on essay grades. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 52, 53-39. Burns, K. L., & Beier, E. G. (1973). Significance of vocal and visual channels in the decoding of emotional meaning. Journal of Communication, 23, 118-130. Dion, K., Berscheid, E., & Waltster, E. (1972). What is beautiful is good. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24, 285-290. Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., O Sullivan, M., & Scherer, K. (1980). Relative importance of face, body, and speech in judgments of personality and affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 270-277. Guise, B. J., Pollans, C. H., & Turkat. I. D. (1982). Effects of physical attractiveness on perception of social skills. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 54, 1039-1042. (1984) 67, 328-335. Lippa, R. (1977). Androgyny, sex-typing, and the perception of masculinity-femininity in handwritings. Journal of Research in Personality, 11, 21-37. Rudman, L. A., Dohn, M. C., & Fairchild, K. (2007). Implicit self-esteem compensation: Automatic threat defense. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 798-813. (2004) 50, 87-94. Stapel, D. A., & Blanton, H. (2004). From seeing to being: Subliminal social comparisons affect implicit and explicit self-evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 468-481. Warner, R. M., & Sugarman, D. B. (1986). Attributions of personality based on physical appearance, speech, and handwriting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 792-799. (2008)79, 407-414. Zuckerman, M., Amidon, M., Bishop, S., & Pomerantz, S. (1982). Face and tone of voicei n the communication of deception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 347-357. Zweigenhaft, R. L., & Marlow, D. (1973). Signature size: Studies in expressive movement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 40, 469-473. Zweigenhaft, R. L. (1977). The empirical study of signature size. Social behavior and personality, 5, 177-185.