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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF REMOTE CANCEROGENESIS EFFECTS ON POPULATIONS WITH CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO RADIATION IN THE URALS REGION 060306020300060209020106 ﾁ0305080607 080108090605 02060208090301010409 08080100030402010301010409 0302050903020506000607 0904020106 ﾁ030508020102 02090907 ﾁ03010608 010805030903010608 0704080908 M.M. Kossenko, A.V. Akleyev, N.V. Startsev, M.O. Degteva Ural Scientific-Practical Centre for Radiation Medicine Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation 00.00. 08060902ｨｪｨｺ06, 08.00. 08ｨｺ05020209, 01.00. 05ｨｰｨ 08020209, 00.02. 020200ｨｰ0209ｨ 0708ｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｪ06-0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 0202ｨｪｨｰ08 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ0201ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｪ04 ﾁ020507ｨ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ, 04060909ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺｨ 07 0802010208ｨ 02ｨｨ07 Abstract The population of the Southern Ural region resident close enough to the munitions industry complex of Plutonium production (Industrial Association ｰMayak ｱ) was exposed to chronic radiation impact. The irradiation of 7.5 thousand people took place following radioactive wastes released into the river Techa between 1950ｨC1956. Internal irradiation from the incorporated long-living radionuclides is still present. The dose reconstruction was carried out in the Biophysics Laboratory of Ural Scientific-Practical Centre for Radiation Medicine (USPCRM). The Register on irradiated persons was founded in 1969 in USPCRM and is still under identification and addition with the irradiated persons ｯ descendants. The remote stochastic effects ｯ analysis results led to conclusions concerning leukaemia and some forms of solid cancers increased risk presence among the Techa cohort irradiated persons. The lower risk value in the river Techa cohort compared to atomic bombing survivors is probably the result of chronic exposure in low dose levels. Absolute risk concerning solid cancers for the river Techa cohort members is entirely comparable to analogous values for the atomic bombing survivors. The studies of remote cancerogenesis effects in exposed persons from the river Techa cohorts are continued now on the extended register background with more precise dose estimations. The studies are held within collaborative programs with USA National Institute of Cancer. Keywords: Southern Ural, Industrial Association ｰMayak ｱ, radioactive releases, dose reconstruction, leukaemia, solid tumours, radiation risk. INTRODUCTION Risk values are fundamental in decision-making in radiation safety. The estimations of irradiation consequences are based not upon the dose levels but risk values for remote consequences (ICRP Publication 60). The ｰRadiation Risk ｱ concept came to life in 1976 when the radiation exposure effects were divided between the deterministic (threshold-dependent) and probabilityrelated (stochastic ｪ non-threshold) ones (ICRP Publication 26). The dose value (threshold) under which the deterministic effect is not expressed was used for radiation protection purposes. For the non-threshold radiation impact value designation the term ｰrisk ｱ was introduced. The ｰrisk ｱ term is used in the majority of publications as the quantitative estimation value of radiation exposure cancer and genetic effects ｯ ini- 0000030203010603 0209ｨｪ060906ｨｦ 010507 0708ｨｨｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07 08020302ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 0706 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ 02040607ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 0709050706ｨｰ0907 090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ04 08ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ. 020202ｨｪｨｺｨｨ 090604ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0401 07060905020109ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨ 04ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ0701 010604, ｨ ｨｪｨ 090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ 01 08ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ07 06ｨｰ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｪ0401 07060905020109ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ (ICRP Publication 60). 0306ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ02 ｰ08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 08ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｱ 070605ｨｮ ﾂｨｨ0506 08ｨ 0907080609ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 09 1976 00., ｨｺ060001ｨ 09ｨｰｨ 05ｨｨ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0102ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ09ｨｺｨｨ02 (070608060006090402) ｨｨ 0902080607ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｪ0402, 09ｨｰ0601ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 (ｨ 0209070608060006090402) 05000002ｨｺｨｰ04 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 (ICRP Publication 26). 020507 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂ 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 04ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｰ04 09ｨｰｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｨ09070605ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨｮ 01060404 (0706080600, threshold), ｨｪｨｨ0302 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｦ 0102ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 05000002ｨｺｨｰ ｨｪ02 0708060709050702ｨｰ0907. 020507 06ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺ0605ｨｨ- ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ04 ｰ09080201ｨ ｱ ｨ 020907060806000609060006 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ060006 0906040102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07 ｨ 0405 0909020102ｨｪ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ ｰ08ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｱ. 00 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902 07ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨｨｦ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ09070605ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪｨｮ06 060202ｨｪｨｺｨｮ 0902080607ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 07080607090502ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｪ020208060002ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ 0002ｨｪ02ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 05000002ｨｺｨｰ0609 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07. 34

tiation probability. The value of cancer and genetic effects is based itself only on the epidemiological studies data received from the survey of persons exposed to acute radiation impact after A-bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The experimental studies results give basis to assume that chronic radiation exposure leads to other risk values different from those in acute irradiation. In the ICRP Publication 60 the term of ｱdose and dose rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) was applied to low radiation exposure levels to designate the parameter for effect value division in case of chronic irradiation compared to the one under acute radiation impact. Given risk values uncertainties are related to the uncertainties (inaccuracy) of dose estimations, approximateness of applied models, inaccuracy of our data concerning the terms of effects becoming apparent and many other issues. The uniqueness of situation around the Industrial Association (IA) ｰMayak ｱ is characterised by irradiation of the relatively wide population groups in doses considered low and intermediate level. The named population study could give new data on risk values under the chronic impact of ionising radiation. Moreover the real estimation of radiation effects in the exposed population based on results of the 40 year-long survey can be useful for remote consequences ｯ prognostication in Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) accident survivors. IRRADIATION LEVELS AND DOSE VALUES The release of radioactive materials from the IA ｰMayak ｱ was the source of population radiation exposure in Southern Ural. The IA ｰMayak ｱ is the first and most important munitions radiochemistry complex in Russia located 100 km from Chelyabinsk. The first nuclear reactor was put into operation there in June and the radiochemistry factory for Plutonium separation ｪ in December 1948 (Akleyev A.V., Lyubchansky E.R., 1994; Cochran T.B. et al., 1994). During the first years after the nuclear plant launch liquid radioactive wastes were released directly into the river Techa. From mid 1949 till 1956 nearly 76 mln m 3 of radioactive water with total activity of 10 17 Bq (2.75 MCi) were released (Degteva M.O. et al., 1994). Approximately 95% of total activity entered the river Techa between March 1950 and November 1951. Radioinuclide content of the released water was the following: 89 Sr ｪ 8.8%, 90 Sr ｪ 11.6%, 137 Cs ｪ 12.2%, rare-earth metals ｪ 26.8%, 95 Zr and 95 Nb ｪ 13.6%, ruthenium isotopes ｪ 25.9%. No evidence for plutonium and iodine presence in releases was revealed. The 26 thousand residents from 39 villages located along the river Techa banks received the highest exposure levels. The river water was used for drinking, cooking and other household needs. During the 05ｨ ｨｬｨ 090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ020208060002ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ 0002ｨｪ02ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 05000002ｨｺｨｰ0609 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ 0601ｨｪ060006 0507ｨｨ0102ｨｬｨｨ06050600ｨｨ- ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 ｨｨ09090502010609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06, ｨｪｨ ｨ 05060102ｨｪｨｨ07 04ｨ 05ｨｨ02ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, 0706010902080003ｨｨｨｬｨｨ0907 0609ｨｰ0806ｨｬｨｮ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ06 090905020109ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ 06ｨｬｨ ｨ 0801ｨｨ080609ｨｺｨｨ 09ｨｨ080609ｨｨｨｬ04 ｨｨ 01ｨ 00ｨ 09ｨ ｨｺｨｨ. 040204ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ04 05ｨｺ09070208ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｨ09090502010609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 01ｨ 06ｨｰ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 07080201070605ｨ 00ｨ ｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ06 0708ｨｨ 010806ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ 0609ｨｰ0806ｨｬ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ04 08ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｪ02 0601ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｺ060904. 00 ICRP Publication 60 ｨｨ09070605ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ ｰｨｺ06050000ｨｨ02ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰ 0905ｨｨ07ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 01060404 ｱ (dose and dose rate effectivness factor, DDREF) 09 06ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｮ080609ｨｪ02ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 010507 06ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ04, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨｮ06 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ0302ｨｪ 05000002ｨｺｨｰ 0708ｨｨ 010806ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 0706 0908ｨ 09ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ06 09 05000002ｨｺｨｰ06ｨｬ 0609ｨｰ08060006 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07. 01020607080201020502ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨｨ090601ｨｨｨｬ0401 090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ 08ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 09090704ｨ ｨｪｨ 09 ｨｪ020607080201020502ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 (ｨｪ02ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06) 060202ｨｪ06ｨｺ 010604, 0708ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｨ09070605ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ0401 ｨｬ0601020502ｨｦ 010507 01060406090401 04ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ, ｨｪ02ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｪｨ 03ｨｨ01 04ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 06 090806ｨｺｨ 01 07080607090502ｨｪｨｨ07 05000002ｨｺｨｰ0609 ｨｨ 0108. 07ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, 09050603ｨｨ090302ｨｦ0907 09ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨ 030806ｨｨ0409060109ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ060006 06ｨ ｨｲ0201ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 (0302) ｰ00ｨ 07ｨｺ ｱ, 09 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨ 0405ｨｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪ04 0908ｨ 09ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ02 0008ｨｮ070704 ｨｪｨ 09020502ｨｪｨｨ07 09 010604ｨ 01, 06ｨｰｨｪ020902ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｺ ｨｬｨ 0504ｨｬ ｨｨ 09080201ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ07ｨｬ. 0604ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 07060905020109ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ060006 0906040102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07 0907060906ｨ 09ｨｰ090609ｨ 0506 ｨ 04 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｨ06 04ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 06 090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ 01 08ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 0708ｨｨ 010806ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ. 080806ｨｬ02 ｨｰ060006, 0802ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨ 07 060202ｨｪｨｺｨ 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ0401 05000002ｨｺｨｰ0609 ｨｪｨ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 40-0502ｨｰｨｪｨｨ01 ｨｪｨ ｨ 05060102ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 04ｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 09020502ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 0706050204ｨｪ06ｨｦ 010507 07080600ｨｪ0604ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨｰ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｪ0401 07060905020109ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ ｨｮ 070609ｨｰ08ｨ 01ｨ 0903ｨｨ01 090905020109ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 ﾁ0208ｨｪ06ｨ 0405ｨｹ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨｨ. 07050902000608 02090907 ﾁ03010608 06 070402000106 020205 0609ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺ06ｨｬ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ 09020502ｨｪｨｨ07 0703ｨｪ060006 0708ｨ 05ｨ 0709ｨｨ05ｨｨ09ｨｹ 0904ｨ 08060904 08ｨ 01ｨｨ06ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0401 ｨｬｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｨｨ 050609 0302 ｰ00ｨ 07ｨｺ ｱ ｪ 07020809060006 ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ 06050202 09ｨ 03ｨｪ060006 090602ｨｪｨｪ060006 08ｨ 01ｨｨ0601ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 ｨｺ06ｨｬ070502ｨｺ09ｨ 09 04060909ｨｨｨｨ. 02ｨｪ 08ｨ 09070605060302ｨｪ 09 100 ｨｺｨｬ 06ｨｰ ﾁ020507ｨ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺｨ. 0302080904ｨｦ ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｪ04ｨｦ 0802ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608 07ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ02ｨｬ 09 09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ 09 ｨｨ060502, ｨ 08ｨ 01ｨｨ0601ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 04ｨ 090601 0706 08ｨ 0401020502ｨｪｨｨ06 0705ｨｮｨｰ06ｨｪｨｨ07 ｪ 09 0102ｨｺｨ ｨ 0802 1948 00. (Akleyev A.V., Lyubchansky E.R., 1994; Cochran T.B. et al., 1994). 00 070208090402 00060104 08ｨ 01ｨｨ06ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0402 09060104 09ｨ 08ｨ 090409ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｪ0207060908020109ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06 09 08. 0602 ﾂｨ ｪ 09 0902080201ｨｨｨｪ04 1949 0106 1956 00. ｪ06ｨｺ060506 76 ｨｬ05ｨｪ ｨｬ 3 08ｨ 01ｨｨ06ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0401 090601 06ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 10 17 09ｨｺ (2,75 0008ｨｨ) (Degteva M.O. et al., 1994). 02ｨｺ060506 95% 06ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 070607ｨ 0506 09 08. 0602 ﾂｨｮ 09 ｨｬｨ 08ｨｰｨ 1950 0106 ｨｪ0607ｨ 0807 1951 00. 04ｨ 01ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｮｨｺ05ｨｨ01ｨｪ04ｨｦ 090609ｨｰｨ 09 09ｨ 08ｨ 090409ｨ 02ｨｬ0401 090601 ｨ 0405 09050201ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ: 89 Sr ｪ 8,8%; 90 Sr ｪ 11,6%; 137 Cs ｪ 12,2%, ｨｨ0406ｨｰ060704 080201ｨｺ060402ｨｬ0205ｨｹｨｪ0401 050502ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ0609 ｪ 26,8%, 95 Zr ｨｨ 95 Nb ｪ 13,6%, ｨｨ0406ｨｰ060704 08ｨｮｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｪ 25,9%. 07ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 06 ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｨ 09 090609ｨｰｨ 0902 09ｨ 0806090609 0705ｨｮｨｰ06ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｦ0601ｨ ｨｪ02 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ03ｨｨ05ｨｨ. 01ｨ ｨｨｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ02 01060404 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 070605ｨｮ ﾂｨｨ05ｨｨ 26 ｨｰ0409. 03ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ 39 010208020902ｨｪｨｹ, 08ｨ 09070605060302ｨｪｨｪ0401 0706 ｨ 02080200ｨ ｨｬ 08. 0602 ﾂｨ. 0402 ﾂｨｪｨｮ06 090601ｨｮ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ09070605ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ 010507 07ｨｨｨｰｨｹ07, 0708ｨｨ0006ｨｰ06090502ｨｪｨｨ07 07ｨｨｨｴｨｨ ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 01060407ｨｦ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨｮ0301. 00 070208ｨｨ0601 35

period 1953-1960 residents of 20 villages (7.5 thousand persons) were resettled. The tasks of irradiation doses reconstruction are being solved by the staff members of the Biophysics laboratory of Ural Scientific-Practical Centre for Radiation Medicine (USPCRM) (Head Laboratory M.O. Degteva). The external irradiation doses in residents from different villages located along the river Techa banks are based upon the background ｦﾃ-level measurement in a) water-level; b) separate points in villages territory; c) inside buildings. The average doses of external irradiation were reconstructed on that measurement basis (Degteva T.B. et al., 1994). The main quota in internal dose formation was radioactive 90 Sr accumulated in bone. Besides the 90 Sr and 89 Sr radionuclides with affinity to the bone tissue, the evenly distributed 137 Cs had an important role in dose formation. Internal irradiation dose reconstruction is based upon live measurement of 90 Sr content in tooth tissue and the whole body by means of human irradiation counter (HIC) (Kozheurov V.P., 1994). On the basis of these measurements among the 14 thousand irradiated persons with a worked-out age-dependent model of strontium metabolism the average doses of internal irradiation were calculated for separate age groups in separate villages. The highest dose rates were registered within the first years after the initiation of radiation exposure and 80ｨC90% of all the internal absorbed dose was accumulated during the first 10 years. The highest dose values were distributed among bones surfaces and the red bone marrow. The maximal value of individual absorbed doses constituted 3ｨC4 Gy. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES ORGANISATION Information preparation within four main directions was necessary for the exposed persons ｯ longterm survey and epidemiological studies organisation: ｪ creation of register of the irradiated persons and maintainance for many years; ｪ choice of control; ｪ gaining information concerning radiation exposure consequences (about cancer cases and oncology diagnosis verification in particular); ｪ choice of statistical analysis method. Register of irradiated population Neither the population of the villages along the river banks, nor local authority and public health protection bodies were informed about radioactive waste release in the river Techa. The radiation situation examination in river Techa was held for the first time in 1951 i.e. nearly two years after the 1953ｨC1960 0000. 03ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｨ 20 010208020902ｨｪｨｹ (7,5 ｨｰ0409. ﾂ0205060902ｨｺ) ｨ 0405ｨｨ 06ｨｰ09020502ｨｪ04. 05ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨｨ 0706 0802ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ 010604 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 080203ｨ 06ｨｰ 0906ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ0600ｨｨ04ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 05ｨ ｨ 0608ｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ 0708ｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺ060006 ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｪ06-0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 0202ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ0201ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｪ04 (070103000400) (08ｨｮｨｺ06090601ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹ 05ｨ ｨ 0608ｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ 00.02. 020200ｨｰ0209ｨ ). 020202ｨｪｨｺｨ 010604 09ｨｪ0203ｨｪ020006 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 03ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0401 010208020902ｨｪｨｹ 09010605ｨｹ 08. 0602 ﾂｨ ｨ ｨ 04ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ020802ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ07 ｦﾃ-0006ｨｪｨ : ｨ ) 09 ｨｬ0209ｨｰ02 ｨｮ080204ｨ 09060104; ｨ ) 09 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｺｨ 01 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ 010208020902ｨｪｨｹ; 09) 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ08ｨｨ 0106ｨｬ0609. 01ｨ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 05ｨｰｨｨ01 ｨｨ04ｨｬ020802ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨ 0405ｨｨ 0802ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ04 09080201ｨｪｨｨ02 01060404 09ｨｪ0203ｨｪ020006 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 (Degteva T.B. et al., 1994). 0209ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｺ05ｨ 01 09 000608ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 01060404 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ020006 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｪ0209 08ｨ 01ｨｨ06ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ04ｨｦ 90 Sr, 01020706ｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 09 ｨｺ0609ｨｰ0701. 080806ｨｬ02 0609ｨｰ0206ｨｰ080607ｨｪ0401 08ｨ 01ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｮｨｺ05ｨｨ010609 90 Sr ｨｨ 89 Sr, 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ0602 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 09 000608ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 01060404 ｨｨｨｬ0205 08ｨ 09ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨｪ06 08ｨ 090708020102050706ｨｴｨｨｨｦ0907 137 Cs. 0402ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨ07 010604 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ020006 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨ 04ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨ03ｨｨ04ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨ04ｨｬ020802ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 090601020803ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 90 Sr 09 04ｨｮｨ ｨ 01 ｨｨ 0906 090902ｨｬ ｨｰ020502 09 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 09 ﾂ02ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｨ0405ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ﾂ0205060902ｨｺｨ (0506 ﾁ) (Kozheurov V.P., 1994). 01ｨ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 080204ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ0609 05ｨｰｨｨ01 ｨｨ04ｨｬ020802ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ 09 0708ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 08ｨ 0408ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 09060408ｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ06010205ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ ｨ 0605ｨｨ04ｨｬｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｪ02ｨｨ07 ｨｮ 14 ｨｰ0409. 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 08ｨ 0909 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪ04 09080201ｨｪｨｨ02 01060404 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ020006 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 03ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ0401 09060408ｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0401 0008ｨｮ0707 09 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ0401 0102080209ｨｪ0701. 01ｨ ｨｨｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ02 ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 01060404 ｨ 0405ｨｨ 09 070208090402 00060104 0706090502 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨ 80ｨC90% 0706000506ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 01060404 06ｨｰ 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ020006 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ 040506 ｨ ｨｺｨｺｨｮｨｬｨｮ05ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ06 09 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 070208090401 10 0502ｨｰ. 05ｨ ｨｬ0402 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ02 01060404 ｨ 0405ｨｨ 09000608ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｪｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ 070609020801ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｺ0502ｨｰｨｺｨ 01 ｨｺ08ｨ 09ｨｪ060006 ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｪ060006 ｨｬ060400ｨ. 00ｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮ08060902ｨｪｨｹ ｨｨｨｪ01ｨｨ09ｨｨ01ｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0401 0706000506ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 010604 090609ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨ05 3ｨC4 0108. 0204010801060508000608 060306020300060209020106 ﾁ0305080609 060505090302020008010607 020507 07080609020102ｨｪｨｨ07 0106050006090806 ﾂｨｪ060006 ｨｪｨ ｨ 05060102ｨｪｨｨ07 04ｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ- ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 05ｨｨ02ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 060800ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 0507ｨｨ0102ｨｬｨｨ06050600ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｨ09090502010609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｪ0206ｨ 010601ｨｨｨｬｨ 0706010006ｨｰ0609ｨｺｨ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 0706 ﾂ02ｨｰ040802ｨｬ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ 090502ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ: ｪ 09060401ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ 070609ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｪ0602 0106070605ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 080200ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ- ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 05ｨｨ02; ｪ 0904ｨ 0608 ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ08060507; ｪ 09ｨ 0608 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 06 07060905020109ｨｰ09ｨｨ0701 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 (09 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, 06 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｨ 090208ｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 06ｨｪｨｺ06050600ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 01ｨｨｨ 00ｨｪ06040609); ｪ 0904ｨ 0608 ｨｬ02ｨｰ0601ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ. 040200ｨｨ09ｨｰ08 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ060006 ｨｪｨ 09020502ｨｪｨｨ07 01ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 09020502ｨｪｨｨ02 0708ｨｨｨ 080203ｨｪ0401 090205, ｨｪｨｨ 060800ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ 0905ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ 040108ｨ 0906060108ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ02 ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ04 06 09ｨ 08060902 08ｨ 01ｨｨ06ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0401 06ｨｰ0106010609 09 08. 0602 ﾂｨ. 0609090502010609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ 08. 0602 ﾂｨ ｨ 040506 09070208090402 07080609020102ｨｪ06 0907ｨｮ09ｨｰ07 0706 ﾂｨｰｨｨ 0109ｨ 000601ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ 0202 04ｨ 00080704ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｪ 09 1951 00. 06060001ｨ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨｰ04 ｨｨ 070208090402 ｨｬ02-36

contamination began. The first health studies of the exposed population were started then too. Two specialised health protection institutions ( ｰdispensaries ｱ) were initiated in the same period. They started to create the Register of irradiated population still later ｪ in 1967. There was no passport system for rural population at that time and this is why the following information sources were used for Register formation: economy and taxation papers in village councils, medical documentation in examined irradiated persons, data of population census within homes serial visits. Register completeness was verified with resettled irradiated residents ｯ personal records that were kept in archives of IA ｰMayak ｱ and declassified in 1991. At present the General Register of USPCRM contains personalised data on 98 thousand of the population. The number irradiated within the territory of the Eastern-Ural radioactive fallout (Kyshtym accident of 1957) is 31 thousand persons. The major portion of Register is the population resident along the river Techa banks: 26,000 (32%) ｪ irradiated persons, 3,000 people ｪ exposed to ionising radiation impact within prenatal period, 26,000 ｪ descendants of exposed parents. Persons who arrived in villages along the river Techa banks when the radiation situation there had improved substantially are also included in the Register. These 12,000 (12.4%) can be the group of internal control. The population exposed to radiation after radioactive contamination of the river Techa was resident in settlements along its banks which belonged to the two administrative rural regions of Chelyabinsk province and two regions of Kurgan province. These persons are of all ages and two ethnic groups: Russians, Tatars and Bashkirs. The Tatar and Bashkir population constitutes 24% of all exposed persons. The life status survey for decades since the irradiation initiation moment among the persons included in the Register was the most complicated task. The forced migration (resettlement) and then the free one extremely complicated the survey of population. A special working group has been created in USPCRM (headed by N.V. Stsrtsev) for the Register support. Register replenishment and renovation is the purpose of the Group activity through new data inclusion concerning children newly born in the exposed parents, maiden name changes in married women, new addresses after migration etc. Various information sources are used for Register support: official registration notes of children ｯs births and cases of death in civilian registrar ｯs office archives, responses to requests to the Address Bureau concerning the irradiated persons present residence places, rural population registration books, interviewing the persons admitted for examination to the USPCRM about the life status of their exposed relatives. Thus the renewed data after verification are included in the computer Register. The cohort of river Techa status for the 1994 period was the following: 9,500 persons are alive and under 01ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨ02 06ｨ 090502010609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ060006 ｨｪｨ 09020502ｨｪｨｨ07. 0209ｨ ｨｬ0201ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨ01 01ｨｨ0907ｨ ｨｪ090208ｨ 010507 06ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09070202ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｨ 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09 070208ｨｨ0601 1954ｨC1956 0000. 040200ｨｨ09ｨｰ08 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ060006 ｨｪｨ 09020502ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｨ 09060401ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 02ｨｴ02 0706040302 ｪ 09 1967 00. 050205ｨｹ09ｨｺ0602 ｨｪｨ 09020502ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｰ02 00060104 ｨｪ02 ｨ 040506 07ｨ 09070608ｨｰｨｨ04ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｨ 070605ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ 010507 000608ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 080200ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｨ09070605ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ 09050201ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ02 ｨｨ09ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ: 070601060407ｨｦ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 05060006090402 ｨｺｨｪｨｨ00ｨｨ 090205ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨ01 09060902ｨｰ0609, ｨｬ0201ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨ02 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ04 06ｨ 090502010609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 05ｨｨ02, 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 0702080207ｨｨ09ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 09020502ｨｪｨｨ07 0708ｨｨ 070601090608ｨｪ0401 06ｨ 010601ｨ 01. 030605ｨｪ06ｨｰｨ 080200ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨ 0405ｨ 090409020802ｨｪｨ 0706 0702080906ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ 0907ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｮ 0702080209020502ｨｪｨｪ0401 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 03ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ 0108ｨ ｨｪｨｨ050907 09 ｨ 0801ｨｨ09ｨ 01 0302 ｰ00ｨ 07ｨｺ ｱ ｨｨ ｨ 0405 08ｨ 090902ｨｺ0802 ﾂ02ｨｪ 09 1991 00. 00 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ0202 090802ｨｬ07 0002ｨｪ0208ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ 080200ｨｨ09ｨｰ08 070103000400 090601020803ｨｨｨｰ 0702080906ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｪｨ 98 ｨｰ0409. ﾂ0205060902ｨｺ. ﾁｨｨ090506 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ 000609ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06-0708ｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺ060006 08ｨ 01ｨｨ06ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ060006 09050201ｨ (080403ｨｰ04ｨｬ09ｨｺｨ 07 ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨ07 1957 00.) 090609ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨ0506 31 ｨｰ0409. ﾂ0205060902ｨｺ. 01ｨ ｨｨｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨ 07 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 080200ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 07080603ｨｨ09ｨ 0903ｨｨ01 0706 ｨ 02080200ｨ ｨｬ 08. 0602 ﾂｨ : 26 ｨｰ0409.(32%) ｪ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0402 05ｨｨ02ｨ ; 3 ｨｰ0409. ｪ 0706010902080003ｨｨ020907 0906040102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ06 ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 ｨｨ0405ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 09 070208ｨｨ0601 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ08ｨｨｨｮｨｰ0806ｨ ｨｪ060006 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ07, 26 ｨｰ0409. ｪ 0706ｨｰ06ｨｬ09ｨｰ0906 06ｨ 05ｨｮ- ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401. 00 080200ｨｨ09ｨｰ08 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪ04 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 05ｨｨ02ｨ, 0708ｨｨ0201ｨ 0903ｨｨ02 09 090205ｨ 0706 08. 0602 ﾂｨ 09 070208ｨｨ0601 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ060006 ｨｮ05ｨｮ ﾂ0302ｨｪｨｨ07 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ. 06ｨｰｨｨ 12 ｨｰ0409. (12,4%) ﾂ0205060902ｨｺ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ 0708020109ｨｰｨ 090507ｨｰｨｹ 0008ｨｮ0707ｨｮ 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ020006 ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ08060507. 01ｨ 09020502ｨｪｨｨ02, 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0602 090905020109ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ060006 04ｨ 00080704ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 08. 0602 ﾂｨ, 07080603ｨｨ09ｨ 0506 09 ｨｪｨ 09020502ｨｪｨｪ0401 07ｨｮｨｪｨｺｨｰｨ 01 0706 0202 ｨ 02080200ｨ ｨｬ 0109ｨｮ01 ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0401 090205ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨ01 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪｨ 01 ﾁ020507ｨ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨ 0109ｨｮ01 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪｨ 01 08ｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ. 06ｨｰ06 05ｨｨ02ｨ 09090201 09060408ｨ 09ｨｰ0609 ｨｨ 0109ｨｮ01 05ｨｰｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 0008ｨｮ0707: 08ｨｮ0909ｨｺｨｨ02; ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨ 0804 ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 03ｨｺｨｨ0804; 24% 06ｨｰ ﾂｨｨ0905ｨ 09090201 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 05ｨｨ02 ｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨ 0804 ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 03ｨｺｨｨ0804. 01ｨ ｨｨｨ 06050202 09050603ｨｪ06 07080609050201ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 01ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ02ｨｦ03ｨｮ06 09ｨｮ01ｨｹｨ ｨｮ 05ｨｨ02, 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 09 080200ｨｨ09ｨｰ08, ｨｪｨ 070806ｨｰ070302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 01020907ｨｰｨｺ0609 0502ｨｰ 0706090502 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07. 0004ｨｪｨｮ030102ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 (0702080209020502ｨｪｨｨ02), ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｨ 090906ｨ 0601ｨｪｨ 07 ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪｨ 07 ｨｬｨｨ0008ｨ 02ｨｨ07 ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｦｨｪ02 04ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ05ｨｨ 08020302ｨｪｨｨ02 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨｨ. 00 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ0202 090802ｨｬ07 09 070103000400 09060401ｨ ｨｪｨ 09070202ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨ 07 0008ｨｮ0707ｨ (070601 08ｨｮｨｺ0609060109ｨｰ0906ｨｬ 01.00. 05ｨｰｨ 08020209ｨ ) 010507 07060101020803ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 080200ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ. 00 0202 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ 0901060107ｨｰ 0706070605ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｪ06090502ｨｪｨｨ02 080200ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ 04ｨ 09 ﾂ02ｨｰ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 06 09ｨｪ0609ｨｹ 080601ｨｨ0903ｨｨ010907 ｨｮ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 080601ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ 0102ｨｰ0701, 07020802ｨｬ02ｨｪ02 00ｨ ｨｬｨｨ05ｨｨｨｦ 0302ｨｪｨｴｨｨｨｪ 0706090502 04ｨ ｨｬｨｮ030209ｨｰ09ｨ, ｨ 010802090609 0708ｨｨ ｨｬｨｨ0008ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 0108. 020507 07060101020803ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 080200ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｨ09070605ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0402 ｨｨ09ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ: ｨ ｨｺｨｰ06090402 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｨ 06 0806030102ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 0102ｨｰ02ｨｦ ｨｨ 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ04 ｨ 0801ｨｨ090609 050801050609, 06ｨｰ0902ｨｰ04 ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 0708060904 09 ｨ 01080209ｨｪ0402 ｨ 060806 06 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｬ0209ｨｰ02 07080603ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 05ｨｨ02, ｨｺｨｪｨｨ00ｨｨ 080200ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 090205ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨ01 03ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ, 0607080609 05ｨｨ02, 070609ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｨ0903ｨｨ01 ｨｪｨ 06ｨ 090502010609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09 070103000400, 06 09ｨｮ01ｨｹｨ 02 ｨｨ01 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 08060109ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺ0609. 02ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 0706090502 070806090208ｨｺｨｨ 09ｨｪ060907ｨｰ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ0208ｨｪ04ｨｦ 080200ｨｨ09ｨｰ08. 0306 090609ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｪｨ 1994 00. ｨｨ04 ｨｺ06000608ｨｰ04 07080603ｨｨ09ｨ 0903ｨｨ01 09 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ02 08. 0602 ﾂｨ 03ｨｨ0904 ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 01060107ｨｰ0907 070601 ｨｪｨ ｨ 05060102ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 9,5 ｨｰ0409. ﾂ0205060902ｨｺ; 37

survey, 11,300 died during the 45-year period since irradiation initiation, 5,100 (20%) have been withdrawn from the Register in various terms between 1951ｨC1994 and their life status is unknown. Choice of control Different control groups were used at various stages of the research. For radiation effects analysis of the 33 year period of survey results the population groups not exposed to radiation but resident in the same administrative regions with the population of villages on the river Techa banks were taken up having a similar age structure ｪ the so-called Regional control. Three of such control groups were formed with each one close enough with non-radiation parameters (in particular the ethnic one) to one or another group of survivors. Later the calculation of mortality values and cancer risk was held with the so-called Register control application. It is represented by the group of persons who have arrived in the villages located along the river Techa banks during the period of radiation situation substantial improvement and respectively not exposed to radiation. The Register control inclusion to the studied cohort enabled us to increase its amount up to 33,000 persons. Gaining information about cancer incidence Because of the impossibility of revealing the life situation of exposed persons who have migrated within all the territory of the former USSR, the territory part was chosen to carry out the study task. Within that territory for the whole period of survey residence of exposed persons was monitored, all cases of death were fixed as were cases of cancer. That territory was named as the surveyed zone and consisted of the five administrative regions of Chelyabinsk province and two regions ｪ of the Kurgan province. The river Techa flows through that territory with the villages where the exposed population was resettled. The total amount of population there is approximately 230,000 persons (nearly 20% irradiated). The certificates of death of persons resident in the surveyed territory for the 1950ｨC 1994 period were copied from provincial archives of the civilian registrar ｯs offices. The copies are now kept in the archive of USPCRM. The file on cases of death was formed in the computer base of medical and dosimetry data of USPCRM, which contains 86,000 records on death in total. On the basis of key data (family name, first name, date of birth) the information from certificates of death is cross referenced with the Register of irradiated persons and the documents concerning deaths of persons from river Techa cohort are chosen. Then the main cause of death is coded according to the ICD IX. At present the certificates of death are present for 9,183 irradiated persons from the river Techa Register, 1,377 of them died from cancer. An analogous work is being carried out for cancer incidence files formation. Two information sources are mainly used: a) notification of the pri- 11,3 ｨｰ0409. ｪ ｨｮｨｬ020805ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 070806ｨｰ070302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 45 0502ｨｰ 0706090502 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07; 5,1 ｨｰ0409. (20%) ｪ 0904ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｨ04070601 ｨｪｨ ｨ 05060102ｨｪｨｨ07 09 1951 0706 1994 00., 09ｨｮ01ｨｹｨ ｨ ｨｨ01 ｨｪ02ｨｨ04090209ｨｰｨｪｨ. 0004ｨ 0608 ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ080605ｨｹｨｪ0401 0008ｨｮ0707 01ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0401 05ｨｰｨ 07ｨ 01 ｨｨ09090502010609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ09070605ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0402 ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ080605ｨｹｨｪ0402 0008ｨｮ070704. 0308ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ0402 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ0401 05000002ｨｺｨｰ0609 04ｨ 33 000601ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 05060102ｨｪｨｨ07 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902 ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ080605ｨｹｨｪ0401 08ｨ 0909ｨｬｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨ 05ｨｨ 0008ｨｮ070704 ｨｪｨ 09020502ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｪ02 07060109020800030200060907 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ06, ｨｪ06 07080603ｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｴ020006 09 ｨｰ0201 0302 ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0401 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪｨ 01, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｨ 03ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｨ 0708ｨｨｨ 080203ｨｪ0401 090205, ｨｰ060006 0302 09060408ｨ 09ｨｰｨ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ 040409ｨ 02ｨｬ04ｨｦ 080200ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ080605ｨｹ. 09040506 09000608ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｰ08ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ080605ｨｹｨｪ0401 0008ｨｮ070704, 0906070609ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ0401 0706 ｨｪ0208ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｬ (09 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, 0706 05ｨｰｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ) 09 ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ06ｨｦ 0008ｨｮ070706ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ060006 ｨｪｨ 09020502ｨｪｨｨ07. 0306040302 ｨｮ08060902ｨｪｨｹ 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ 090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨｮ 06ｨｪｨｺ06050600ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 08ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 060708020102050705ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ060106ｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ 040409ｨ 02ｨｬ060006 080200ｨｨ09ｨｰ080609060006 ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ08060507. 0609070605ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 06 0008ｨｮ070702 05ｨｨ02, ｨｺ06ｨｰ06080402 0708ｨｨ0201ｨ 05ｨｨ 09 090205ｨ 0706 08. 0602 ﾂｨ 09 070208ｨｨ0601 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ060006 ｨｮ05ｨｮ ﾂ0302ｨｪｨｨ07 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｨ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ02 0706010902080005ｨｨ09ｨｹ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ06. 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02ｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06000608ｨｰ04 ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ05ｨ 09ｨｹ 0106 33 ｨｰ0409. ﾂ0205060902ｨｺ. 05ｨ 0608 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 06 04ｨ ｨ 06050209ｨ 02ｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ 00 09090704ｨｨ 09 ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 09040709ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｮ01ｨｹｨ ｨｮ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 05ｨｨ02, ｨｬｨｨ0008ｨｨ080609ｨ 0903ｨｨ01 0706 090902ｨｦ ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ ｨ 040903020006 05050504, ｨｪ020802ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06, ｨ 0405ｨ 0904ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨ07, 000102 09 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 0909020006 070208ｨｨ0601ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 05060102ｨｪｨｨ07 00ｨｨｨｺ09ｨｨ080609ｨ 05ｨｨ 07080603ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 0706010902080003ｨｨ010907 0906040102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ06 ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 ｨｨ0405ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 05ｨｨ02, 090902 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｨ 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ 090604ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｪ060902ｨｪｨｨ07 08ｨ ｨｺｨ. 06ｨ ｨｺｨ 07 ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨ07 070605ｨｮ ﾂｨｨ05ｨ ｨｪｨ 0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨ 050601ｨ 02ｨｬ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ04 ｨｨ 090609ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ04 0707ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0401 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ0609 ﾁ020507ｨ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨ 0109ｨｮ01 ｪ 08ｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ. 0306 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ 070806ｨｰ02ｨｺｨ 02ｨｰ 08. 0602 ﾂｨ, 04010209ｨｹ ｨｪｨ 01060107ｨｰ0907 090205ｨ, ｨｺｨｮ01ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｪ06 070208020902050705ｨｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0602 ｨｪｨ 09020502ｨｪｨｨ02. 02ｨ ｨｴｨ 07 ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 09020502ｨｪｨｨ07 090609ｨｰｨ 09050702ｨｰ 06ｨｺ060506 230 ｨｰ0409. ﾂ0205060902ｨｺ, ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｪ 06ｨｺ060506 20%. 00 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0401 ｨ 0801ｨｨ09ｨ 01 050801050609 0904ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨ ｨｺｨｰ04 06 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ 05ｨｨ02, 07080603ｨｨ09ｨ 0903ｨｨ01 09 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 080200ｨｨ06ｨｪ02 09 1950ｨC1994 0000. 08ｨｺｨｰ04 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｮｨｬｨ 03ｨｪ0401 ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ02050701 0108ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰ0907 09 ｨ 0801ｨｨ0902 070103000400. 00 ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ0208ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨ 0402 ｨｬ0201ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｨ 010604ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰ08ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 070103000400 09000608ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 06 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 0701 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ, 09 02020506ｨｬ 090601020803ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 86 ｨｰ0409. 04ｨ 07ｨｨ0902ｨｦ. 01ｨ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02090401 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 (00ｨ ｨｬｨｨ05ｨｨ07, ｨｨｨｬ07, 01ｨ ｨｰｨ 0806030102ｨｪｨｨ07) ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06 09 ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨ 01 090609070609ｨｰｨ 09050706ｨｰ 09 080200ｨｨ09ｨｰ0806ｨｬ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ 0904ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ 06ｨｰ 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ04 06 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ 05ｨｨ02 ｨｺ06000608ｨｰ04 08. 0602 ﾂｨ. 05ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨｪｨｮ06 0708ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨｮ 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ0601ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ 09060005ｨ 09ｨｪ06 000203ｨｮｨｪｨ 080601ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺ05ｨ 0909ｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨ 06050204ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ 9-0006 0702080209ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨ. 00 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ0202 090802ｨｬ07 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ0907 090208ｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰ04 06 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ 9183 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ04 080200ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ 08. 0602 ﾂｨ, ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01 ｪ 1377 ｨｮｨｬ020805ｨｨ 06ｨｰ 08ｨ ｨｺｨ. 08ｨｪｨ 050600ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06 000608ｨｬｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 0706 06ｨｪｨｺ06050600ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 04ｨ ｨ 06050209ｨ 02ｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ. 0609070605ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ 09 0609ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ 0109ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ: ｨ ) ｨｨ040902ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ07 06 09070208090402 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ06090502ｨｪ- 38

marily diagnosed cancer disease that is registered by statistical staff personnel of oncology dispensaries in Chelyabinsk and Kurgan; b) medical documentation from the USPCRM clinic that functions as the hematological department. The cancer register includes 21,268 records with 1,922 of them diagnosed leukemia and solid cancer cases in people exposed to radiation in the river Techa region. Methods of statistical analysis The cohort method was applied for cancerogenesis effects epidemiological analysis. The data processing was carried out with the EPICURE programme (Preston D.L. et al., 1993) with grouping in the following categories: sex, ethnic group, dose value, age at the exposure initiation, age at death, date of death. Preference was given to this programme because of availability to fix the regularities within Poisson distribution. Moreover just the same program was applied for risk estimation in atomic bombing survivors. STUDY RESULTS The expected and excess number of leukaemia and solid cancer cases for different ranges of exposure doses were calculated using the AMFIT programme from the EPICURE holding (Kossenko M. et al., 1997). Excessive cases of leukaemia were correlated with dose values accumulated in red bone marrow and visceral cancer cases ｪ with doses accumulated in soft tissues (table 1). ｨｪ06ｨｬ 06ｨｪｨｺ06050600ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬ 04ｨ ｨ 06050209ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ06080402 080200ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 0008ｨｮ070704 06ｨｪｨｺ06050600ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 01ｨｨ0907ｨ ｨｪ0902080609 09 0006080601ｨ 01 ﾁ020507ｨ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ02 ｨｨ 08ｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪ02; ｨ ) ｨｬ0201ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨ02 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ04 ｨｺ05ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ 070103000400, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ 07 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0002ｨｬｨ ｨｰ06050600ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ0602 06ｨｰ01020502ｨｪｨｨ02. 040200ｨｨ09ｨｰ08 06ｨｪｨｺ06050600ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 04ｨ ｨ 06050209ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ 21 268 04ｨ 07ｨｨ0902ｨｦ, 1922 ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01 ｪ 06 01ｨｨｨ 00ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 0701 0502ｨｦｨｺ02ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 090605ｨｨ01ｨｪ060006 08ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｮ 05060102ｨｦ, 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨ 08. 0602 ﾂｨ. 0002ｨｰ060104 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ 020507 0507ｨｨ0102ｨｬｨｨ06050600ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ020208060002ｨｪｨｪ0401 05000002ｨｺｨｰ0609 ｨｨ09070605ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｺ06000608ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｰ0601. 02ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｰ0409ｨ 05ｨｨ 09 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰｨ 0708060008ｨ ｨｬｨｬ EPICURE (Preston D.L. et al., 1993) 09 0008ｨｮ0707ｨｨ080609ｨｺ06ｨｦ 0706 09050201ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02000608ｨｨ07ｨｬ: 070605, 05ｨｰｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ 07 0008ｨｮ0707ｨ, 010604ｨ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ- ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07, 09060408ｨ 09ｨｰ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｮ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ, 01ｨ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｨ. 06ｨｰｨ 0708060008ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ, 09 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ02 06ｨｰ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ01, 0706040906050702ｨｰ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 04ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 0708ｨｨ 08ｨ 0907080201020502ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 03ｨｮｨ 090906ｨｪｨ. 080806ｨｬ02 ｨｰ060006, ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06 05ｨｰｨｮ 0708060008ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ09070605ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ 010507 060202ｨｪｨｺｨｨ 08ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｮ 0702080203ｨｨ0903ｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｪｨｮ06 ｨ 06ｨｬｨ ｨ 0801ｨｨ080609ｨｺｨｮ. 04030507090506080604 060505090302020008010607 05 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 0708060008ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04 AMFIT ｨｨ04 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰｨ EPICURE 08ｨ 0909 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪ04 0603ｨｨ01ｨ 02ｨｬ0602 ｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨ 04ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0602 ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0906 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 0209 0502ｨｦｨｺ02ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 090605ｨｨ01ｨｪ060006 08ｨ ｨｺｨ 09 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0401 01ｨｨｨ 07ｨ 0406ｨｪｨ 01 0906040102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 010604 (Kossenko M. et al., 1997). 0604ｨ 04ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0602 ﾂｨｨ090506 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 0209 0502ｨｦｨｺ02ｨｬｨｨｨｨ 090606ｨｰｨｪ020902ｨｪ04 09 010604ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨ ｨｺｨｺｨｮｨｬｨｮ05ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 09 ｨｺ08ｨ 09ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｬ06040002, 090605ｨｨ01ｨｪ060006 08ｨ ｨｺｨ ｪ 09 010604ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06070502ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 09 ｨｬ0700ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｪ0701 (ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ02ｨ 1). TABLE 1 CASES OF DEATH FROM LEUKAEMIA AND SOLID CANCERS IN IRRADIATED PERSONS FROM THE RIVER TECHA COHORT 06080909060008 1 05000304060102050605 0206 0903070803000606 06 050209060201020102 04080808 07 02090907 ﾁ0301010409 04060603090307 00 040807020103 08. 0603 ﾁ08 Dose Gy Leukaemia Solid cancers Person-years Registered Excess Person-years Registered Excess number number 0.005ｨC0.1 103,031 3-1 459,576 716 5 0.1ｨC0.2 194,858 13 4 96,297 126 1 0.2ｨC0.5 200,144 16 6 19,582 34 10 0.5ｨC1.0 93,873 9 5 32,204 52 6 1+ 49,398 9 7 33,645 41 8 Total 641,304 50 21 641,304 969 30 The table 1 shows the excessive number of leukaemia cases is more than 50% of those registered in dose range over 0.5 Gy on red bone marrow. The mortality indices from leukaemia and solid cancers estimated per 33 year-long survey period are shown in table 2. Leukaemia and solid cancers mortality (totally excluding osteosarcoma) dependence on dose and radiation cancerogenesis risk values are calculated using a linear and linear-quadratic multiplicative model (Kossenko M.M., 1996) (table 3). 0604ｨ 04ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0602 ﾂｨｨ090506 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 0209 0502ｨｦｨｺ02ｨｬｨｨｨｨ 090609ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨ0506 ｨ 06050202 50% 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨ 050601ｨ 02ｨｬ060006 0708ｨｨ 010604ｨ 01 ｨｪｨ ｨｺ08ｨ 09ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ060400 ｨ 06050202 0,5 0108 (ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ02ｨ 1). 05ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨｰ 0502ｨｦｨｺ02ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 090605ｨｨ01ｨｪ060006 08ｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ 33-0502ｨｰｨｪｨｨｨｦ 070208ｨｨ0601 ｨｪｨ ｨ 05060102ｨｪｨｨ07 0708ｨｨ09020102ｨｪ04 09 ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ0202 2. 02060406090402 04ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｰ 0502ｨｦｨｺ02ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 090605ｨｨ01ｨｪ060006 08ｨ ｨｺｨ (09ｨｮｨｬｨｬｨ 08ｨｪ06, 04ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 0502ｨｦｨｺ02ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 0609ｨｰ020609ｨ 08ｨｺ06ｨｬ04) ｨｨ 090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ04 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ060006 ｨｺｨ ｨｪ020208060002ｨｪｨｪ060006 08ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 08ｨ 0909 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪ04 0706 05ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｦｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ 05ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｦｨｪ06ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｨ0705ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ06010205ｨｨ (Kossenko M.M., 1996) (ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ02ｨ 3). 39

TABLE 2 MORTALITY VALUES FOR LEUKAEMIA AND SOLID CANCERS 06080909060008 2 07040200030105 05000304060102050606 0206 0903070803000606 06 050209060201020102 04080808 Group Absorbed dose Gy Cases of death Mortality value (95% confidential interval) in red bone in soft leukaemia solid leukaemia solid marrow tissues cancers* cancers 1 st 1.64 1.3 2 33 15.3 252.6 (1.85ｨC55.23) (173.78ｨC354.65) 2 nd O.78 0.43 4 80 7.9 158.0** (2.15ｨC20.22) (125.31ｨC196.55) 3 rd 0.61 0.12 4 75 6.6 121.3 (1.76ｨC16.64) (95.31ｨC151.99) 4 th 0.29 0.05 3 72 8.5 204.2 (1.75ｨC24.82) (161.32ｨC259.0) 5 th 0.18 0.04 9 263 6.9 202.3 (3.17ｨC13.11) (178.46ｨC227.59) 6 th 0.176 0.032 5 217 3.8 165.3 (1.23ｨC8.85) (143.78ｨC188.4) I (control to the 2 nd 6 412 1.6 (0.59ｨC3.51) 110.7 (100.17ｨC121.77) and 3 rd groups) II 30 1416 3.6 171.0 (control to the 1 st, 4 th and 5 th groups) (2.44ｨC5.15) (162.1ｨC180.23) III 34 1453 3.6 154.9 (control to the 6 th group) (2.51ｨC5.03) (146.85ｨC163.26) Note. * ｪ 02xcluding osteosarcoma; ** ｪ differences are statistically reliable ( P<0.05) compared to the respective control. 0308ｨｨｨｬ02 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ02. * ｪ 04ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 0609ｨｰ020609ｨ 08ｨｺ06ｨｬ04; ** ｪ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ07 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ 010609ｨｰ06090208ｨｪ04 (08<0,05) 0706 0908ｨ 09ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ06 09 090606ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ08060502ｨｬ. TABLE 3 RADIATION CANCEROGENESIS RISK VALUES CALCULATION FOR EXPOSED PERSONS FROM RIVER TECHA COHORT 06080909060008 3 040805 ﾁ0306 0406050808 04080206080006020101020102 08080100030402010301030508 020908 02090907 ﾁ0301010409 04060603090307 00 040807020103 08. 0603 ﾁ08 Risk estimation Leukaemia All cancers excluding leukaemia Excessive absolute risk per 10,000 person-years, Gy ｪ L-model 0.85 (0.24ｨC1.45) 0.65 (0.27ｨC1.03) ｪ LQ-model 1.04DｨC0.24D 2 1.82DｨC1.1D 2 Excessive relative risk per 1 Gy 3.19 (0.43ｨC5.94) The linear-quadratic model any preferences ｯ absence to the linear one was revealed in description of real consequences of radiation exposure on the river Techa. The absolute risk value of leukaemia genesis in exposed persons from the river Techa cohort is lower than in the atomic bombing survivors (2.94 per 10,000 person-years, Gy) that is probably the result of chronic exposure in low dose levels. Absolute risk concerning solid cancers for the river Techa cohort members is entirely comparable to analogous values for the atomic bombing survivors (Shimizu Y. et al., 1989). At present the studies of remote cancerogenesis effects in exposed persons from the river Techa cohorts are continued on the extended register background together with more precise dose estimations. The studies are held within collaborative programs with USA National Institute of Cancer. 0709ｨｰｨ ｨｪ06090502ｨｪ06, ﾂｨｰ06 010507 0607ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 0802ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0401 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 07060905020109ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ 08. 0602 ﾂｨ ｨｨ09070605ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 05ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｦｨｪ06-ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ06010205ｨｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｨ01-05ｨｨｨ 06 070802ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09 0702080201 05ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｦｨｪ06ｨｦ. 08ｨ 09060506ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ 08ｨｨ09ｨｺ 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ07 0502ｨｦｨｺ02ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 03ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ 09 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ02 08. 0602 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ0302 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0609060006 ｨｮ 0702080203ｨｨ0903ｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｪｨｮ06 ｨ 06ｨｬｨ ｨ 0801ｨｨ080609ｨｺｨｮ (2,94 ｨｪｨ 10 000 ﾂ0205060902ｨｺ06-0502ｨｰ, 0108), ﾂｨｰ06, 090604ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06, 0709050702ｨｰ0907 0905020109ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ 010806ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ060006 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09 ｨｬｨ 050401 010604ｨ 01. 08ｨ 09060506ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ 08ｨｨ09ｨｺ 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ07 090605ｨｨ01ｨｪ0401 0607ｨｮ01060502ｨｦ ｪ 09070605ｨｪ02 0906070609ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ 09 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ060904ｨｬ ｨｮ 0702080203ｨｨ0903ｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｪｨｮ06 ｨ 06ｨｬｨ ｨ 0801ｨｨ080609ｨｺｨｮ (Shimizu Y. et al., 1989). 00 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ0202 090802ｨｬ07 ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 06ｨｰ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｺｨ ｨｪ020208060002ｨｪｨｪ0401 05000002ｨｺｨｰ0609 ｨｮ 06ｨ 05ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 09 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ02 08. 0602 ﾂｨ 05ｨｨ02 07080601060503ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ 0402 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｪ060006 080200ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｨ ｨ 06050202 ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ 060202ｨｪｨｺｨｨ 010604. 06ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ09090502010609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 07080609060107ｨｰ 0706 090609ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬ 0708060008ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｬ 09 01ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｮｨｰ06ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｺｨ 050108. 40

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