日本語 תקציר חומר לימוד mgouzenfeld@gmail.com עמוד 2 מתוך 52
Vocabulary... 4 Greetings / Expressions... 4 Endings... 6 Time... 7 Countries / Languages... 10 Questions... 11 Occupation... 12 Places... 13 Majors... 15 Objects... 16 Pronouns... 18 Family... 18 Numbers... 19 Pointers... 22 Money... 22 Food... 23 Activities / Entertainment... 24 Adjectives... 25 い - adjectives... 25 な - adjectives... 27 Adverbs... 28 People / Animals... 29 Location words... 30 Prepositions... 31 Verbs... 32 U-verbs... 32 RU-verbs... 34 Irregular verbs... 35 Grammar... 36 X は Y です... 36 Question sentences... 36 noun1 の noun2... 36 これそれあれどれ... 37 このそのあのどの... 37 עמוד 3 מתוך 52
ここそこあそこどこ... 37 だれの noun... 38 も... 38 noun じゃありません... 38 ~ね / ~よ... 38 ~ませんか... 39 X があります / がいます... 39 Describing locations... 39 すき ( な ) / きらい ( な )... 39 ~ましょう / ~ましょうか... 40 The must know words are emphasized like this עמוד 4 מתוך 52
Vocabulary Greetings / Expressions ohayou ohayou gozaimasu konnichiwa konbanwa sayounara oyasuminasai arigatou arigatou gozaimasu sumimasen hai ee un iie ittekimasu itterasshai tadaima okaerinasai itadakimasu gochisousama hajimemashite douzo yoroshiku good morning good morning (polite) good afternoon good evening good-bye good night thank you thank you (polite) excuse me sorry yes no not at all I ll go and come back please go and come back I m home welcome home thank you for the meal (before the meal) thank you for the meal (after the meal) how do you do? nice to meet you עמוד 5 מתוך 52
ano sou desu soudesune tomodachi namae irasshaimase um that s right that s right let me see friend name welcome (to our store) ( o) onegaishimasu, please (object) ( o) kudasai please give me (object) jaa then if that is the case ( o) douzo here is it (object) doumo demo doudesuka gomennasai dakara moshimoshi sorekara daijoubu thank you but how about? how is? I m sorry so therefore hello (on the phone) and then it s OK not to worry everything is under control עמוד 6 מתוך 52
Endings san sai ji jin nensei mai made Mr./Ms. years old o clock people (nationality) year student (number of flat objects) to as far as (a place) till (a time) עמוד 7 מתוך 52
Time ima gogo gozen han asa ashita kyou goro konban shuumatsu nichiyoubi getsuyoubi kayoubi suiyoubi mokuyoubi kinyoubi doyoubi hiru mainichi maiban kinou now P.M. A.M. half morning tomorrow today at about tonight weekend Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday noon midday every day every night yesterday עמוד 8 מתוך 52
sakki a little while ago jikan for hours ichijikan sanjikan gurai senshuu toki tanjoubi yasumi ichiji niji sanji yoji goji rokuji shichiji hachiji kuji juuji juuichiji juuniji ichijihan issai nisai עמוד 9 מתוך 52 for an hour for about 3 hours last week when at the time of birthday holiday day off 1 o clock 2 o clock 3 o clock 4 o clock 5 o clock 6 o clock 7 o clock 8 o clock 9 o clock 10 o clock 11 o clock 12 o clock 1:30 o clock 1 year old 2 years old
sansai yonsai gosai rokusai nanasai hassai kyuusai jussai juuissai hatachi ichigatsu you 3 years old 4 years old 5 years old 6 years old 7 years old 8 years old 9 years old 10 years old 11 years old 20 years old January (gatsu - moon) weekday עמוד : מתוך 52
Countries / Languages _go eigo amerika oosutoraria igirisu chuugoku nihon kankoku suueeden _ language (language) Amerika Australia Britain China Japan Korea Sweden עמוד 22 מתוך 52
Questions nan nani dore dono doko dare dareno ikura itsu doushite donna nansai what which one which _ where who whose how much when why what kind of how old עמוד 22 מתוך 52
Occupation daigakusei isha daigakuinsei koukousei shufu ryuugakusei shigoto bengoshi kaishain gakusei sensei college student doctor graduate student high school student housewife international student job work occupation lawyer office worker student teacher professor עמוד 23 מתוך 52
Places ginkou kissaten daigaku koukou toshokan yuubinkyoku otearai ie uchi erueru (LL) gakkou otera kouen suupaa depaato basutei byouin hoteru honya machi resutoran bank café college university high school library post office restroom home house home house my place language lab school temple park supermarket department store bus stop hospital hotel bookstore town city restaurant עמוד 24 מתוך 52
umi heya sea room עמוד 25 מתוך 52
Majors ajiakenkyuu jinruigaku bijinesu konpyuutaa keizai denshi kougaku rekishi kokusaikankei bungaku senmon seiji kagaku Asian studies anthropology business computer economics electrical engineering history international relations literature major politics science עמוד 26 מתוך 52
Objects kaban jitensha hon jisho boushi jiinzu shinbun nooto pen enpitsu kutsu toreenaa teepu denwa kasa saifu tokei omiyage gohan shashin tsukue bag bicycle book dictionary hat cap jeans newspaper notebook pen pencil shoes sweat shirt tape telephone umbrella wallet watch clock souvenir rice meal picture photograph desk עמוד 27 מתוך 52
isu tegami pan kittsute kittsupu hagaki basu hikouki tenki ka moku do chair letter bread postal stamps ticket postcard bus airplane weather fire tree soil עמוד 28 מתוך 52
Pronouns watashi anata boku I you I (used by men) Family okaasan otousan oneesan oniisan imouto otouto mother father older sister older brother younger sister younger brother עמוד 29 מתוך 52
Numbers bangou number zero / rei 0 ichi 1 ni 2 san 3 yon / shi / (yo) 4 go 5 roku 6 nana / shichi 7 hachi 8 kyuu / ku 9 juu 10 juuichi 11 juuni 12 juusan 13 juuyon / juushi 14 juugo 15 juuroku 16 juunana / juushichi 17 juuhachi 18 juukyuu / juuku 19 עמוד :2 מתוך 52
nijuu 20 sanjuu 30 yonjuu 40 gojuu 50 rokujuu 60 nanajuu 70 hachijuu 80 kyuujuu 90 hyaku 100 nihyaku 200 sanbyaku 300 yonhyaku 400 gohyaku 500 roppyaku 600 nanahyaku 700 happyaku 800 kyuuhyaku 900 sen 1,000 nisen 2,000 sanzen 3,000 yonsen 4,000 gosen 5,000 rokusen 6,000 עמוד 32 מתוך 52
nanasen 7,000 hassen 8,000 kyuusen 9,000 ichiman 10,000 niman 20,000 sanman 30,000 yonman 40,000 goman 50,000 rokuman 60,000 nanaman 70,000 hachiman 80,000 kyuuman 90,000 עמוד 32 מתוך 52
Pointers kore sore are kono sono ano asoko this one that one (near you) that one (over there) this _ that _ (near you) that _ (over there) over there Money _en _ yen okaane kin money gold עמוד 33 מתוך 52
Food tabemono nomimono sakana tonkatsu niku menyuu yasai asagohan osake ocha koohii bangohan hanbaagaa hirugohan mizu food drink fish pork cutlet meat menu vegetable breakfast sake alcohol green tea coffee dinner hamburger lunch water עמוד 34 מתוך 52
Activities / Entertainment eiga ongaku zasshi supootsu deeto tenisu terebi bideo arubaito kaimono kurasu shukudai tesuto ryokou movie music magazine sports date tennis TV video tape VCR part-time job shopping class homework test travel עמוד 35 מתוך 52
Adjectives い - adjectives Japanese Some words are given with the forms: Dictionary Present Affirmative Present Negative Romaji ii ii desu yoku arimasen good hayai oishii early delicious atarashii atarashii desu atarashiku arimasen new atsui hot (weather/objects) isogashii isogashii desu isogashku arimasen busy (people/days) ookii ookii desu ookiku arimasen large omoshiroi omoshiroi desu omoshiroku arimasen interesting kowai samui עמוד 36 מתוך 52 frightening cold (weather)
Japanese Some words are given with the forms: Dictionary Present Affirmative Present Negative Romaji tanoshii fun chiisai chiisai desu chiisai ku arimasen small tsumaranai boring furui furui desu furuku arimasen old (thing) muzukashii yasashii difficult easy (problem) kind (person) yasui yasui desu yasui ku arimasen inexpensive cheap (thing) takai takai desu takai ku arimasen expensive עמוד 37 מתוך 52
な - adjectives kirai (na) kirai desu kirai ja arimasen disgust with to dislike daikirai (na) to hate suki (na) suki desu suki ja arimasen fond of to like daisuki (na) very fond of to love kirei (na) kirei desu kirei ja arimasen beautiful clean genki (na) genki desu genki ja arimasen healthy energetic shizuka (na) shizuka desu shizuka ja arimasen quiet nigiyaka (na) hansamu (na) lively handsome hima (na) hima desu hima ja arimasen not busy to have a lot of free time עמוד 38 מתוך 52
Adverbs amari zenzen taitei chotto tokidoki yoku not much not at all usually a little (inconvenient) sometimes often much gurai about (approx.) takusan hitoride isshoni totemo many a lot alone together very עמוד 39 מתוך 52
People / Animals inu kodomo neko hito dog child cat person עמוד :3 מתוך 52
Location words migi hidari mae ushiro naka ue shita soba tonari aida soko koko right left front back inside on under near next (to) between there here עמוד 42 מתוך 52
Prepositions to ni e wo ga de goro (ni) together with (a person) X and Y to (direction) at (o clock) (to meet person) (to write person) to (direction) (to listen) (to drink) (to speak) (to read) (to write thing) (to take) (to wait) (to understand) (there is) in at about (o clock) עמוד 42 מתוך 52
Verbs U-verbs Present Past Dictionary Affirmative Negative Affirmative Negative Prep. to go to return to listen to drink to speak to read to meet there is to buy to write to take to wait עמוד 43 מתוך 52
Present Past Dictionary Affirmative Negative Affirmative Negative Prep. to understand to swim to ask (similar to listen, hear) to ride to board to do to perform עמוד 44 מתוך 52
RU-verbs Present Past Dictionary Affirmative Negative Affirmative Negative Prep. to get up to eat to sleep to see is in stays at to go out עמוד 45 מתוך 52
Irregular verbs Present Past Dictionary Affirmative Negative Affirmative Negative Prep. to come to do to study עמוד 46 מתוך 52
Grammar Japanese I am a student. Ms. Mary is an American. Japanese Are you a student? What is a major? What time is it now? How old is Mary? What year in college? What is a telephone number? Japanese Takeshi s phone number a college professor עמוד 47 מתוך 52
Japanese How much is this (near me)? That (near you) is 3,000 yen. That (over there) is my pen. Which one is your pen? Japanese How much is this (near me) watch? That (near you) watch is 3,000 yen. That (over there) watch is 500 yen. Which watch is 2,000 yen? Japanese The pen is here (near me). The water is there (near you). The post office is over there. Where is the post office? עמוד 48 מתוך 52
Japanese Whose bag is this? Japanese Takeshi is a Japanese person. Michiko is a Japanese person too. replaces the particles: Other particles stay as they are, with addition of. Japanese Yamada is not a student. Japanese Takeshi s major is literature, isn t it? Tonkatsu is definitely not a fish!!! עמוד 49 מתוך 52
Japanese How about having lunch? Japanese There is a bank (thing) over there. There is a student (person) over there. There is no bank (thing) over there. There is no student (person) over there. Japanese The bank is next to the library. Café is between college and bank. Japanese Yamashita dislikes fish. Yamashita likes fish. Neither like nor dislike. עמוד :4 מתוך 52
Japanese Let s study in the library together. Shall we drink water at a café? עמוד 52 מתוך 52