Main Topic 3: Meetings Lesson 25: Discussing Agenda/Problems (20-25 minutes) Today, you will: 1. Learn useful vocabulary related to DISCUSSING AGENDA/PROBLEMS. 2. Review Misplaced Subordinating Conjunctions. I. VOCABULARY Exercise 1: What s the meaning? (5-6 minutes) Choose the meaning of the underlined words from the choices that follow. Then practice using the words in your own sentences. 1. We have a very long agenda ( 議題 協議事項 ) this meeting. a. plan of the meeting b. time of the meeting c. purpose of the meeting d. type of meeting 2. Please give me an outline ( 概要 概略 ) of the project a. inquiry b. summary c. discussion d. conclusion 3. The minutes ( 議事録 ) of the meeting is written by the secretary. a. date of the meeting b. time of the meeting c. record of a meeting d. location of the meeting 4. We have a quorum ( 定足数 ); we can start the meeting now. a. the chairperson and the secretary b. the President and the Vice President c. minimum members needed in a meeting d. maximum members needed in a meeting Page 1
5. A roll call is the first item ( 事項 項目 ) on our to do-list. a. entry b. spot c. blank d. task Exercise 2: What s the word? (5-7 minutes) Read the following dialog with your tutor and try to use context clues to fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word. You can find the missing word from the pool of words at the bottom. Mr. Taniguchi is in a meeting with the Project Management Team. Team Leader: Mr. Taniguchi, can you give us an update on the project you re working on? Mr. Taniguchi: OK. Based from the (1) report of the Site Manager, we are working ahead of schedule. Team Leader: Yes, I have read that too. Go on. Mr. Taniguchi: It is only April, but we are already finished with the second (2) of the plan. The new factory will be finished by the end of July this year. Team Leader: However, there was a problem with the electrical supply in that area, right? Mr. Taniguchi: We can solve that problem. As we all know, we have three available electrical lines in that area. In my (3) only Line A is used, the other two lines are just back-ups. Team Manager: I see Mr. Taniguchi: Instead of using the same Line A used by the neighboring factories, we will use an (4) electrical supply, the Line B. It s our next option. Team Manager: How do you propose to do that? Mr. Taniguchi: We just have to send a copy of our proposal to the Line B Company. Their (5) of Directors will be very pleased with our proposal. Team Manager: Very good people. The sooner we finish this project, the better. When we finish this ahead of time, I will treat all of you in the Izakaya! Thank you for your report Mr. Taniguchi. This meeting is adjourned. Page 2
Choices: a. quarter (4 分の 1 4 半分 ) b. alternative ( 代わりの 別の ) c. year ( 年 ) d. notes( 記録 ) e. status ( 状況 現状 ) f. Board( 役員 役員会 ) II. GRAMMAR REVIEW: Topic: Misplaced Subordinating Conjunctions (5-6 minutes) ( 間違って置かれた従属接続詞 ) When a sentence needs further elaboration or description, we can add supporting details by adding a dependent clause to the main clause. The conjunction used at the beginning of the dependent clause is called a Subordinating Conjunction. ( 詳しい表現をするために 従属節を主節に加えることによって詳細を加えます その際従属節の初めにくるのが 従属接続詞です ) The most common subordinating conjunctions are "after," "although," "as," "because," "before," "how," "if," "once," "since," "than," "that," "though," "until," "when," "where," "whether," and "while." ( 一般的な従属接続詞は次の通りです "after ~ した後で," "although~ だけれども," "as ~ のように," "because ~ という理由で," "before ~ する前に," "how どのようにして," "if もし ~ ならば," "once ~ するとすぐに," "since ~ して以来," "than ~ に比べて," "that ~ ということ,""though ~ にもかかわらず," "until ~ する時まで," "when ~ するときに,""where ~ する所に," "whether ~ かどうか," "while ~ の間ずっと ") Misplaced ( 誤り ): Jenny visited London last spring, where her grandparents live.. Correct ( 正しい文 ): Jenny visited London, where her grandparents live, last spring.. ( ジェニーは 昨年の春に 彼女の祖父母の住むロンドンを訪れた ) Main Clause: Jenny visited London last spring. ( 主節 : ジェニーは去年の春に ロンドンを訪れた ) Dependent Clause: where her grandparents live ( 従属節 : 彼女の祖父母の住む所に ) Subordinating Conjunction: Where ( 従属接続詞 :~ する所に ) Page 3
Remember ( ポイント ): Always put the subordinating conjunction and clause near the word or phrase they modify. ( 従属接続詞と節は修飾する語句の近くにくるようにする ) When the conjuctions used are while, whenever, when, wherever, after, although, since, and until put them at the beginning of the sentence. ( 接続詞の {while ~の間ずっと, whenever いつ~しようとも,when ~するときに, wherever どこへ~しても, after ~した後で, although~だけれども, since ~ して以来, until ~する時まで } は 文の先頭にくるようにする ) Examples ( 例 ): How to spot misplaced subordinating conjunctions: ( 従属接続詞の誤った位置 ) Wrong: Midori works for an airline company, who earned her pilot s license last year. Correct: Midori, who earned her pilot s license last year, works for an airline company. ( 誤 ) ( 正 : 昨年 操縦士の資格を取得したミドリは 航空会社で勤務している ) Wrong: Their summer vacation ends after they have to go to school. Correct: After their summer vacation ends, they have to go to school. ( 誤 ) ( 正 : 夏休みが終わったら 彼らは学校に行かなければなりません ) Comprehension Check: Check if the sentence is wrong or right, if wrong give the correct form of the sentence. When I was working like a dog, my boss was sleeping like a log. Page 4
Exercise 1: Incomplete Sentences (5-6 minutes) Choose the word or phrase that would best complete the following sentences. 1. Mrs. White,, won the Bonsai Competition. a. who likes bonsais b. which is my teacher c. which is a bonsai fan d. where I buy my bonsais 2. She will have a European tour,. a. after the graduation b. who will graduate c. on the graduation d. at the graduation 3. My house,, is very old. a. who is big b. where I grew up c. which is very old d. if in the countryside 4. Rita,, is an Italian chef. a. who likes pizza b. that is my teacher c. which is from Italy d. that owns the pizzeria 5. The paper turned out to be the contract. a. what was used as a scratch paper b. that was used as a scratch paper c. when was used as a scratch paper d. whom was used as a scratch paper Page 5