( ) l 1991 1) 4) 5),6) 7) 8) 31) 39) 46) : () + +θ (c) l h A - : θ A () (d) 1 ε=/l=θ/cot 1(d) 1 () =tn( ) h + 1
u F m N F m =Ntn N N N F m N F m =Ntn N S α S1 R α+ R = tn( ) = tn = tn( + ) R R d = d () () (c) =tn F =tn(+) 3 =tn( ) 4 (1) sin = cos ( ) ( α ) (1) () d d =, < () d d A (1) () () u v E = u = u cos( α + ) () (3) de d E =, > (3) d d S 4 ucos(α+) E 5() 5() S1 S 5 c
c S α S1 R () α c S S1 () 5() c 57) 3 55) 56) 1991 1m 4) 9m c B(m) 9 8 7 6 5 H=15(m) H=9(m) 4 1 3 4 5 H (m) H=13(m) H=11(m) H H.5m 1:. B 1:1.5 =33.69 q=1kn/m γ = kn/m 3 =35 9m 1m 15m m 1m 5m 45) 6 4) 3m 9m (H /H).5.5.75 1. H /H =.3 H /H =.5 H /H =.3 B e F t F t F t F t >3. 1/3 3
H H =.5H H =.3H 1:1.5 F t = B e 7 6 5 4 3 Ho/H=.5 Ho/H=.3 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 H(m) 7.5 3.3 H=4m 7m 3 1991 8 5 FAX 31 4 48 5 6 11 4 48 S5 S6 H11 H1 ( ) =ββ β λ/ λ/ β λ =β λ λ/ λ/ =β q 5 ( ) 6 5 8 1:1.5=35 q γ 4
.5.4 S6 H1 ( ) S5 K AH q=1kn/m 1.767m 1:1.5 q=1kn/m 1.767m 1:1.5 β=33.69.3 K AV 5.m 5.m 5.m K AH K AV. S5.1 H1 ( ) h S6..4.6.8 1 h /h h 1:1.5 1 AV = γ h K AV 1 AH = γ h K AH h /h 1. K AH K AV H1 ( ) - ( 1 11 ) 11 Tril edge Method (Morsch 195 ) 51) ( ) 8 6 16 14 1 1 8 6 4 3.6m 3.6m 3.6m = B F e 3. qd Vµ t Fs = 3. F s = 1. 5 q 1 H 1.767 5 1 15 5 H (m) 1 =kn/m 3 =35 q d =9kN/m =.6 1.767m 3 Tril edge Method 11() 1() 5
() () S 1 () S () S 1 46) 1() 1() 13() c (= 1 + ) R R (4) sin( ) ( + ) sin( 1 ) ( + ) R1 =, R = (4) sin 1 sin 1 13() dc 1 c (5) (6) R 1 1 R1 cos = tn R1 sin ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( ) (5) 1 + R1 sin = (6) 1 c R R d 1 = 1 + R c 1 6
L H h c c R c d α A f 1 α+ c R R c H = 116 115 114 113 11 73 7475 111 7 71 11 7 54 55 56 57 69 58 59 6 61 6 63 64 68 ( ) ( ) R c S 1 S A A 1 R 1 d cos 1 1 14 1 Excel cosr R.3 u R ur sin( -) u 13 ( ) R R =, = (7) 1 R sin( ) =, R sin( ) = (8) 1 sin( 1 ) =, R1 sin( 1 ) = (9) 1 11() S 15 R c R R c h c (1)(1) c secθ sin R1 = secθ sin R = = tn ( θ ) + Rc cos( + c + α ) sin( + ) 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 θ Rc cos c α sin 1 + 1 1 R1 cos( 1 ) 1 tnθ + R1 sin( 1 ) tnθ + R1 sin ( ) 1 (1) (11) = (1) 16 7
.34 K A =.333.33.3 A K A =.31 γh K K A.3 A =.97.9.8.7.6..4.6.8 1 L/H () L A ( ) 5 Α = 15 1 5..4.6.8 1 L/H ()( ) L H=45 =5 57.4 75.1 59.3 L=1 () Snd per ll=4 =4 H=5 H =15 =5 59.7 73.5 61.9 L=1 () Glss ll=4 =16 H (cm) Α K A =.97 Α = c = K A =.99 Α =17. L/H= L/H=.3 L/H=.6 1 8 6 4 (c ) 4 6 8 1 (cm) (cm) 1 8 6 4 K A =.333 Α = 4 6 8 1 (cm) 8 6 6 1 1 5 5 1 1 73 1 14 c=1kn/m = γ=16kn/m 3 E=MN/m ν=.3 () (199.1) c=kn/m = () (cm) 1 8 6 4 4 6 8 1 (cm).15. =4 4),3) 5),3),3) 6),3),48) 5) 55) 5),3),3) 17 18 FEM () FEM (1.6).5 () FEM 5) 19 S L FEM 36 ( 1.6) 53) 8
FEM ( ) 1999 8 ( ) 58) ( ) 1() = 1() ( ) ( ) 58) -3..4 ( ) p3-15 3 ( ) 58) L 59) H H R = q 1 () R 1 () q R = - R - - = 1 3 1 1 9
Ft 6. 5. 4. 3.. 1.. q=1kn/m q=1kn/m H(m) B(m) 1..6 1.5.9. 1.15.5 1.45 3. 1.7 3.5 1.95 4..5 B B ) () 1 3 4 H(m) 1991 11 1 ) ( ) GLEM( ) (1997) (1998) 1998 3) 1999 9 4 9m 1997 1 31 ( ) 1 1 1
16 3 L KOOGE ALL ( ) L L KOOGE ALL 4 6) 4 ed 1 (13) (17) sin { } A1 = tnψ + cot tnψ η (13) cosψ β h h c β 1 e q c A A1 e β q d ψ = + (14) = η (15) γ = + ( H + h) + q( H h) γ q = h h + tn β γ d (16) (17) c 1 cos = γh (18) sin( ) sin( + β ) 1 + cos β (19) 1 = A (19) (13)(18) 11
1 ()(1) 57) 1 = tn 1 1 () { tn( + ) + cot} { tn( + ) η} tn( + ) q=1kn/m 1:1.5 β=33.69 =154.6kN/m =6.46 6.5m 1.5m γ=kn/m3 =35 c= cos( ) tn 1 + β = + β (1) sin( ) sin( β ) cos β sin( β ) 6 q 1 ()(3) 1 cos q 1 = γh 1 + () sin( + ) sin γh 1 + 1 cos = γh (3) sin( ) sin 1 + 1 = (4) ( ) sin( )sin q sin( + )sin 1 + 1+ 1 = (4) γh 7 8 61) 4.m =75.5 =56.4 =67.7 q=kn/m γ=18kn/m 3 =3 =66.66kN/m c= =19.5 =56.1 A H q1 A 9 1
1) 3 pp44-47,1991.1 ) pp39-4 1991.11 3) 7 pp.1819-18 199.6 4) 44 pp.46-47 199.5 5) 47 pp86-88,199.1 6) 8 pp69-7 1993.6 7) 45 pp36-363 1993.5 8) 9 1993.5 9) 3 1995.11 1) 7 1996. 11) 3 46 pp356-357 1994.5 1) 47 3 pp.958-959 199.9 13) pp35-36 1994.11 14) 49 3 pp.184-185 1994.9 15) 4 pp1-1994.1 16) 3 pp.179-173 1995.7 17) 46 pp358-359 1994.5 18) Rnkine 3 pp175-176 19) pp9-1 1996.1 ) c pp55-56 1995.11 1) 45 pp36-361 1993. ) 56 ( ).9 3) 56 ().9 4) 3 56 (). 5) No.567/ -35, p189-198 1997. 6) (ITM) No.6/ -4 pp151-156 1998. 7) Vol.54 No.8 1999. 8) pp3-33 1994. 9) Vol.13 1.1 3) 1997.7 31) Q&A1995 3) 1998 33) 1998 34) 13
1999 35) Excel 36) Q&A 37) B 4. 38) Q&A15 5. 39) Anlysis nd Design of RETAINING ALL() DAESAN CIVIL TECHNOLOGY 6. 4) 1987 41) 1956.5 4) 1967.5 43) 1953.5 44) 1977.1 45) 1987.5 46) 1999.3 47) 9.11 48) pp57-58 1995.11 49) 31 pp1939-194 1996.6 5) pp19-1996.1 51) 8 6 pp33-34 1934. 5) 199.1 53) L 36 ()1.6 54) 197.1 55) 1-5,194. 56) Oke.S. Generl Theory on Erth ressure nd Sesmic Stility of Retining ll nd Dm 1-6 194. 57) John N. Cernic Foundtion Design Hndook John iley & Sons pp.88 1995. 58) ( ) 1999.11 59) L 1999.5 6) Vol.58 No.3 3. 61) 1 9. 14