Series: Women and Economics 1 I 1920 1894 1970 1 2 1930 1903 1990 1937 1976 81 1975 / 82 3 10 14 4 78 2014 JSPS 25380253 1 1925 2 76 2012 2016 3 2000 4 2000 1992 57 2 2016
2 57 2 3 4 0 3 0 4 ha 10 37 5 kg 1970 16 17 24 1970 19 1920 1924 1925 1893 1966 1920 19 23 5 6 7 1928 5 1983 259 1930 1924 6 1927 4 7 1926 32 1991 1878 1942 1888 1981 1894 1984 1895 1997 1899 1951 1899 1967 1932 1994
3 8 1928 1929 3 9 1929 10 1937 1937 3 11 1948 1980 1939 12 13 1940 14 1946 5 43 1948 49 1952 51 8 1998 9 1922 / 1928 10 2014 11 1937 1997 12 1 37 9 13 14 1992 211
4 57 2 1890 1980 61 1955 Women s International Democratic Federation 1903 1987 15 1 16 1962 1964 JA 80 17 1952 1999 232 48 80 1952 1937 1963 1985 15 1945 1947 1954 1886 1971 1 1955 7 1889 1966 13 14 1955 1985 296 1982 16 1 1955 6 2 000 1882 1972 1899 2001 1900 1996 1920 1995 2005 17 1970
5 II 1 3 1999 100 1937 1937 113 40 25 5 10 40 1999 76 18 1999 79 83 1937 3 4 18 1920
6 57 2 1937 4 5 1999 190 1937 3 1 2 3 1937 5 3 1937 5 6 2 1937 27 1 19 1 5 17 8 9 16 8 10 8 3 1 9 5 1 4 7 14 1 10 1 3 1937 31 32 5 19 1932 1933 34
7 7 15 18 6 9 4 5 1 2 1937 32 33 20 1873 1957 21 1934 22 4 4 4 4 20 21)1903 08 30 2015 22) 1986 1935 5 6 1 1939 1988 5 6 2005 2007
8 57 2 1937 36 37 1937 37 1937 39 3 1937 83 23 1935 1 3 1935 / 36 4 902 4 4 4 4 4 1937 88 89 97 1 1937 94 96 23 1921
9 1937 100 1933 1937 110 24 400 4 1 1937 110 11 0 4 12 5 10 5 1 25 1937 126 27 26 24 1911 16 15 1923 11 16 29 16 1922 27 1938 40 42 25 55 1935 26 2005
10 57 2 1937 147 4 1937 186 30 1937 195 1937 204 05 1937 1937 205 1937 7 1939 1941 1937 2 3 1937 210 12
11 III 1 5 1930 7 4 1981 3 27 1936 1946 1955 1963 1960 9 1963 29 1963 ii 28 27 Evgeniy Samoylovich Varga 1879-1964 1930 1981 28 1963 1 1904 9 1927 1963 2 9 1963 12-13 1932 1963 14 15 1991 1999
12 57 2 1963 27 28 1937 1937 2 1 1963 77 9 1962 1963 31 32
13 1963 32 35 29 1963 46 51 30 5 40 30 2 4 5 088 21 2 9 2 31 32 1963 88 89 2 1962 2 1961 29 1961 0 7 8 8 1963 34 30 31 2 3 840 3 840 500 1 100 2 240 1963 84 87 32
14 57 2 4 6 1 4 6 1 1963 93 1963 98 58 9 1 1 2 500 kcal 2 31 5 70 g 6 1963 102 05 5 1 4 1 1963 106 1963 1963 45 1963 107 3 1959 10 GATT 15 1963 112 ILO
15 1960 1963 114 1963 117 1963 130 31 1963 135 36 1963 155 4 1963 ii 1963 191 93
16 57 2 1963 193 94 1963 208 1963 209 211 12 IV 1 1948 2 1 60 40 1980 166 77 1947 1980 187 91
17 1980 192 33 1963 3 1969 1 1975 International Women s Year 10 The United Nation s Decade for Women 6 34 1986 1969 1950 60 66 51 0 49 0 36 4 14 7 26 7 22 3 1969 28 33 1935 2009 34
18 57 2 1969 31 1969 33 1958 9 1969 35 1969 39 1969 49 1969 56
19 1969 58 59 1969 61 35 2 80 10 7 1985 1975 1985 290 10 1980 82 85 3 1 2 1980 / 82 / 85 204 08 35 1968 80 1969 60
20 57 2 1980 / 82 / 85 210 50 1980 / 82 / 85 214 15 50 1980 / 82 / 85 220 1980 / 82 / 85 220 21 3 100 1 10 38 1980 / 82 / 85 230 V 1986 1983 10 3
21 1986 5 1986 7 8 1980 191 1955 1 1928 34 217 608
22 57 2 1998 OB (481 :34 42 2005 1930 56 1 :89 116 1981 3 2015 1932 2009 1935 1994 1922 1991 1999 1988 1999 1992 210 12 2005 50 1955 2004 2005 71 127 43 2007 75 171 91 2014 669 69 1925 2016 1937 1948 1952 1963 1970 1978 11 24 1975 82 1978 2 1980 1980 82 85 1985 202 30 1981 5 1981 1 4 1982 1985 197 201 1983 1985 7 1986 1999 1976 1981 10
23 1969 3 2000 1992 1986 1934 1937 1997 36 1939 1 2 33 3 58 81 4 46 72 1991
24 57 2 Hideko Maruoka 1903 1990 and Her Study on Women s Labor and Livelihood in Pre- and Postwar Japan Hiroshi Matsunoo Abstract: Hideko Maruoka was a Japanese woman economist Born in Nagano in 1903 she grew up in the home of the grandparents of her mother who were poor peasants She was very interested in the livelihood of rural women and so when she got a job with the Sangyo Kumiai Chuokai Agricultural Cooperatives Federation in 1929 she investigated the lives of rural women nationwide under the depression of the 1930s Maruoka studied the plight of rural women as agricultural laborers housewives and mothers Her first work entitled Nihon Nohson Fujin Mondai: Shufu Bosei Hen Rural Women s Problem in Japan: Housewife and Motherhood was published in 1937 where she emphasized that rural women are representative of all women who bear harsh maternal life sexual discrimination and feudal servitude After the war Maruoka participated in various associations such as the Fujin Minshu Club Japan Women s Democratic Club founded in 1946 and the Shin Nihon Fujin no Kai New Japan Women s Association founded in 1962 and was busy with various women s agricultural cooperative movements However she continued to study and her important postwar work Bukka to Kakeibo Prices and Household Management was published in 1963 where she wrote that family budgets are much distorted by the total inadequacy of social security The United Nation s proclamation of 1975 as the International Women s Year and declaration of a decade for women gave Maruoka who was by then over 70 years old the motivation to study further and she studied the problems of rural women once again with younger colleagues Over her lifetime Maruoka published numerous books that show her as a researcher of opposition Her last work entitled Fujin Shisou Keiseishi Note in two volumes studies the history of women s liberation thoughts from the Meiji Era to the Showa Era 1975 / 82 Throughout her life Maruoka wrote and spoke of rural women's problem as the origin of all women s problems JEL classification numbers: B 29 B 31 J 71