GENKI FACT L. 6 Ginger Marcus ALLEX 2016 JPN 199
1. ~te form Many uses! 1. Requests 2. Giving/asking for permission 3. Expressing prohibition 4. Sequencing activities/events
3 kinds of verbs: (Review from L. 3) 1. ru-verbs 2. u-verbs 3. irregular verbs (how many?)
-ru verbs Example: tabe-ru tabe-ru is the DICTIONARY FORM (the form you find in a dictionary) Why are these verbs called ru verbs? Because the DICTIONARY FORM is formed by adding ru to the base tabe + ru = taberu Base? tabe -ru is a suffix (short form, present, affirmative)
~ru verbs: oshie-ru, shime-ru, ori-ru mi-ru, oshie-ru Base? mi, oshie Base ends in an i or an e Therefore, dictionary form ends in -iru or eru To make the ~te form: Add ~te to the BASE tabe-ru > tabe-te
Other ~ru verbs dekake-ru > dekakete mi-ru > mite i-ru> i-te oki-ru > okite ne-ru > nete ori-ru > orite kari-ru > karite kake-ru > kakete ake-ru akete
u-verbs Example: nom-u nom-u is the DICTIONARY FORM Why are these verbs called u verbs? Because the DICTIONARY FORM is formed by adding u to the base nom+ u = nomu Base? nom -u is a suffix (short form, present, affirmative)
~u verb > ~te form BASE + te BASE of wakar-u? Wakar If we add te? Wakarte doesn t work! Why? Instead: Wakatte
u-verbs with final る つ う 1. わかる > わかって aru ある > atte あって suwaru すわる > suwatte すわって toru とる > totte とって 2. まつ > まって tatsu たつ > tatte たって motsu もつ > motte もって 3. あう > あって kau かう > katte かって tukau つかう > tukatte つかって tetsudau てつだう > tetsudatte てつだって suu すう > sutte すって Formation: る つ う > って
u-verbs with final む ぶ ぬ よむ > よんで nomu のむ > nonde のんで yasumu やすむ > yasundeやすんで あそぶ > あそんで yobu よぶ > yonde よんで しぬ > しんで FORMATION: む ぶ ぬ > んで
u-verbs with final く かく > かいて kiku > kiite FORMATION: く > いて Exception! Only one: iku > itte NOT iite
u-verbs with final ぐ いそぐ > いそいで oyogu およぐ > oyoide およいで FORMATION: ぐ > いで
u-verbs with final す はなす > はなして kesu けす > kesite けして kaesu かえす > kaeshite かえして FORMATION: す > して
Irregular verbs kuru くる > kite きて suru する > shite して
2. ~ てください Kiite kudasai. Itte kudasai. Moo ichido itte kudasai. Doozo, tabete kudasai. Kore o tsukatte kudasai. Mado o akete kudasai. Mado o shimete kudasai. Tsugi no peeji o yonde kudasai. Tsugi no eki de orite kudasai. Denwa o kakete kudasai.
Ask someone to please: make the phone call. take (ride) the next train. go to the bank. do (something) again. come here on Tuesday. please return it to Ms. Yamada. bring your friend. bring some beer.
3 ~ てもいいです / か A: Ii desu ka. (pointing to an empty chair next to B.) B: II desu yo. A: Koko ni suwatte mo ii desu ka. B: Ee, ii desu yo. A: Sumimasen. Sono denwa, tukatte mo ii desu ka. B: Ee, tukatte mo ii desu yo. A: Kyookasho o mite mo ii desu ka. B: Ee, mite mo ii desu yo.
What would you say? 1. You re in class. You feel sick and want to return home. 2. You re in class. You realize you need to go to the bathroom right away. 3. You have forgotten to do the homework. You want to confirm that you can bring it (here) tomorrow. 4. You want to ask your teacher something but you cannot say it in Japanese. 5. You have run into a celebrity. You have a camera with you. 6. You and your friend are in a room and it feels too hot. 7. You want to know if it s OK to smoke here.
4 ~ てはいけません A: Kono kissaten de tabako o sutte mo ii desu ka. B: A, sumimasen. Koko de sutte wa ikemasen. A: Densha de denwa o tukatte mo ii desu ka. B: Iie, tukatte wa ikemasen yo. A: Sumimasen, sono denwa, tukatte mo ii desu ka. B: Kono denwa desu ka. Tyotto. A: Kyookasho o mite mo ii desu ka. B: Iie, kurasu de wa mite wa ikemasen yo.
4 ~ てはいけません > ~ ちゃいけません A: Kono kissaten de tabako o sutte mo ii desu ka. B: A, sumimasen. Koko de sutcha ikemasen. A: Densha de denwa o tukatte mo ii desu ka. B: Iie, tukatcha ikemasen yo. ではいけません > いけません A: ビールを飲んでもいいですか B: いいえ 飲んじゃいけません
A: You re in an art museum and you want to take a photo of a painting. Ask if you may do so. B: Reply that A must not take photos here.
5. Describing Two Activities Review: Biiru to wain, nomimashita. Particle to joins? NOUNS NEW: USAGE: Nooto o karite, kopii shimasu. Suupaa de keeki o katte, paatii ni ikimashita. Suupaa de keeki o katte, sore kara paatii ni ikimashita Kissaten e itte, koohii o nomimashoo. Basu ni notte kaerimashita. 1. to describe a sequence of events/actions. 2. the te form activity occurs before the final verbal. 3. the final verb determines the tense of the action. 4. the te form can also be used to describe the manner of the final verbal.
6. ~ から Doyoobi ni mo nichiyoobi ni mo toshokan de benkyoo shimasita. Getsuyoobi ni tesuto ga arimasu kara. Ano kamera, kaimasen yo. Takai desu kara. Ano eega, mimasen yo. Kowai desu kara. Ano apaato, karimasen yo. Kiree ja nai desu kara. Patterning: Kara attaches to a complete sentence to indicate REASON/ CAUSE.
7. ましょうか Review: Kooen e ikimashoo ka. Issho ni shimashoo ka. Asoko de tabemashoo ka. Meaning: Shall we do X?
New: A: Watashi ga yarimashoo ka. B: A, sumimasen. Onegai shimasu. A: Nimotsu o mochimashoo ka. B: Ieie, ii desu yo. A: Kopii shimashoo ka. B: A, doomo sumimasen. Meaning: Shall I do X (for you)?