2007 2007 7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1 2007 2 4 5 6 6 2 2.1 1: KEK Web page 1
1 1 10 16 cm λ λ = h/p p ( ) λ = 10 16 cm E pc [ev] 2.2 quark lepton 2 2.2.1 u d c s t b + 2 3 e 1 3e electric charge e color charge red blue green qqq baryon q q meson hadron 1 2.2.2 e ν e µ ν µ τ ν τ e 2.2.3 2 3 2.3 e e + PET 1 2 3 2
2: 2.4 E = mc 2 p E E = (pc) 2 + (mc 2 ) 2 β = v/c γ = 1/ 1 β 2 p = γmv (1) E = γmc 2 (2) γ γm K v x K E γ βγ 0 0 E p x p y = βγ γ 0 0 p x 0 0 1 0 p y (3) 0 0 0 1 p z β = v/c γ = 1/ 1 β 2 ( ) (1) (2) E = (pc) 2 + (mc 2 ) 2 3 strong interaction weak interaction electromagnetic interaction gravity p z 3
3: 3.1 photon gluon W ± Z 0 W ± Z 0 graviton 3 3.2 20 electroweak inter- 4
60 40 20 0 1 U(1) (1/α 1 ) SU(2) (1/α 2 ) (1/α GUT) SU(3) (1/α 3 ) 10 5 10 10 10 15 10 20 GeV 4 150 Big Bang 4: U(1) SU(2) action Grand Unified Theory=GUT 10 16 GeV Gross Wilczek Politzer 2004 4 10 16 GeV 4 4.1 1916 Einstein Freedman 1920 Hubble 1946 Gamow 1964 2.7K 300 4 asymptotic freedon 5
5: 4.2 1/10,000,000,000 5 5.1 20 1920 electron proton photon 6
Dirac 1930 1940 Anderson (positron 1935 1937 1947 1947 K 6: (1902-1984)[ ] 1907-1981 [ ] 5.2 10 GeV 100 1964 Gell-Mann Zweig 6 flavor Cabbibo 1970 5.3 20 The Standard Model 1974 11 charm J/ψ) quantum chromodynamics QCD SU(2) ) SU(3) 1 gluon 1979 PETRA W ± Z 1982 CERN 5.4 generation 1973 1974 K 7
CP CP 1975 (SLAC 1974 1977 1994 (Tevatron) CERN LEP SLAC Z 0 K CP B KEK SLAC B B 5.5 1998 10 11 16 GeV 7: (KEK Web page KEK ) 6 6.1 2EM 5 E M 2E 4π 1960 1970 J/φ c c ) 5 8
6.2.1 LHC 8: LHC LEP W ± Z 0 6.2 6 6 HERA 2007 CERN LHC(Large Hadron Collider E =7 TeV 14TeV LEP 8 LHC 2008 6.2.2 ILC 20 ILC(=International Linear Collider) ILC 9 ILC LHC TeV 6.3 9
114 GeV 200 GeV 7 LHC LHC ILC 0 +1 0 +1 9: ILC Higgs Higgs 0 +1 10 W ± Z 0 10: KEK Web page 6.4 supersymmetry 8 2 1 2 TeV (= 10 12 ev) 7 GeV=10 9 ev ev/c 2 c c = 1 8 SUSY 10
11: KEK Web page R Dark Matter 10 16 GeV 4 LHC ILC 6.5 extra-dimension 4 6 11
10 6 7 CP 7.1 9 7.1.1 d V ud V us V ub d s = V cd V cs V cb s, (4) b V td V ts V tb b (d, s, b ) (d, s, b) 1 3 e 10 11 b V td d + V ts s + V tb b (d) V td 2 V us = λ 12 λ Wolfenstein 1 λ2 2 λ Aλ 3 (ρ iη) λ 1 λ2 2 Aλ 2 Aλ 3 (1 ρ iη) Aλ 2 1 (5) λ, A, ρ, η λ A 9 10 11 12 λ λ = 0.22 V us = cos θ c θ c Cabbibo angle 12
ρ η ρ η K B 1964 K K 0 CP η CP 7.1.2 B K B CP KEK SLAC B B 10.58 GeV 12 KEK B Belle 2001 B CP B η ρ η 13 13 ρ η ρ 0.2 η 04 12: B Belle B CP (KEK Web page KEK ) 7.2 10 SNO 7.2.1 1962 ν e U e1 U e2 U e3 ν µ = U µ1 U µ2 U µ3 ν τ U τ1 U τ2 U τ3 ν 1 ν 2 ν 3, (6) ν e, ν µ, ν τ ν 1, ν 2, ν 3 θ 12 θ 23 θ 13 δ θ 12 13 θ 23 14 sin 2 θ 12 0.3 sin 2 θ 23 0.5 θ 13 δ θ 13 Double Chooz J-PARC T2K NoνA ν 1, ν 2, ν 3 m 1, m 2, m 3 m 2 21 = m 2 2 m 2 1 = 8.0 +0.6 0.4 10 5 ev 2 m 2 32 = 13 14 13
η 1 γ 0.5 β m m d s m d 2β+γ ε K V ub 0 V cb -0.5 α -1-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 ρ 13: ρ η B K ρ 0.2, η 0.4 B m 2 3 m 2 2 = (2.5 ± 0.5) 10 3 ev 2 δ CP CP θ 13 CP θ 13 B B θ c + θ 12 π 4 θ c θ 12 7.2.2 14
CP 0.1 ev inverted hierarchy normal hierarchy 1000km 7.2.3 µ eγ µ e µ + N e + N τ µγ τ eγ 7.3 7.3.1 electric dipole moment 15 magnetic dipole moment CP 199 Hg 10 28 e cm Quantum Electric Dynamics (g 2)/2 16 1ppm 15 EDM 16 = (e )/(2mc) g g = 2 g = 2 15
3.4σ 14: g 2 8 8.1 4% dark matter 23% 73% 96% weekly interacting particles 7.3.2 +1 1 5 10 33 150 1.5 10 10 15: 73% 23% 4% 96% KEK Web page 16
8.2 8.2.1 3 1967 Sakharov 3 1. 2. CP 3. 17 CP ( ) ( ) CP ( ) 8.2.2 leptogenesis 17 0.1 0.01 ev 10 12 13 GeV CP B L B L 9 20 20 17
???? 1997 (1),1998 (2),1998,1998,1998 1 1997) 2 1998) 2005 2001 10,1998 2002 2006) 11 KEK KEK F., A.D. 1986 1993 2003 18