SUSY DWs
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1 @ Supersymmetric Domain Walls Eric A. Bergshoeff, Axel Kleinschmidt, and Fabio Riccioni Phys. Rev. D86 (2012) (arxiv: ) ( )
2 Contents 1 2 SUSY Domain Walls Wess-Zumino Embedding Tensor Formalism
3 p-branes : D p p D 4 : standard branes p = D 3 : defect branes p = D 2 : Domain Walls T p (g s ) +α (l s = 1) α = 0 : fundamental α = 1 : Dirichlet α = 2 : solitonic S p-brane = T p ( ) + ( brane ) Dirac-Born-Infeld type Wess-Zumino type SUSY Domain Walls - 3 -
4 D = 10 IIA/IIB D = 10 p = 0 p = 1 p = 2 p = 3 p = 4 p = 5 p = 6 p = 7 p = 8 p = 9 α = 0 F1 IIA/IIB α = 1 D0 IIA D1 IIB D2 IIA D3 IIB D4 IIA D5 IIB D6 IIA (D7) IIB (D8) IIA (D9) IIB α = 2 NS5 IIA/IIB SUSY Domain Walls - 4 -
5 D = 10 IIA/IIB D = 10 p = 0 p = 1 p = 2 p = 3 p = 4 p = 5 p = 6 p = 7 p = 8 p = 9 α = 0 F1 IIA/IIB α = 1 D0 IIA D1 IIB D2 IIA D3 IIB D4 IIA D5 IIB D6 IIA (D7) IIB (D8) IIA (D9) IIB α = 2 NS5 IIA/IIB p 6 sources : F1 B (2), NS5 B (6), Dp C (p+1) (p 3), Dp C (p +1) (p > 4) db (2) = 10 db (6), dc (p+1) = 10 dc (7 p) 10 dc (p +1) Dp = standard branes (p 6) RR potentials C (p+1) D7 = defect branes scalar fields (+α) D8 = Domain Walls Romans mass ( ) D9 = spacetime-filling branes I SUSY Domain Walls - 5 -
6 Domain Walls (10 D8-brane Romans mass )
7 Motivation = 32 ( ) coset space G 0 /H D U-duality G 0 R- H dim(g 0 /H) T-duality IIA R IIB SL(2, R) SO(2) GL(2, R) SO(2) 3 SO(1, 1) 8 SL(3, R) SL(2, R) SO(3) SO(2) 7 SL(2, R) SL(2, R) 7 SL(5, R) Sp(2) 14 SL(4, R) 6 SO(5, 5) Sp(2) Sp(2) 25 SO(4, 4) 5 E 6(6) USp(8) 42 SO(5, 5) 4 E 7(7) SU(8) 70 SO(6, 6) 3 E 8(8) SO(16) 128 SO(7, 7) SUSY Domain Walls - 7 -
8 Motivation Domain Walls D8-brane in 10-dim. Ramond-Ramond potential C (9) 10 dc (9) = m ( ) IIA Romans massive IIA SUGRA SUSY Domain Walls - 8 -
9 Motivation Domain Walls D8-brane in 10-dim. Ramond-Ramond potential C (9) 10 dc (9) = m ( ) IIA Romans massive IIA SUGRA (D 2)-branes in D-dim. SUSY Domain Walls Domain Walls SUSY Domain Walls - 9 -
10 1 SUSY Domain Walls Wess-Zumino 7 Domain Walls
11 D8-brane in 10D D8-brane ds 2 10 = H 9 8 (y) dy 2 + H 1 8 (y) ds 2 9 e ϕ = H 5 4 (y) dilaton C = ± 1 H(y), m = ± yh(y) RR potential (Romans mass) mass m 0 RR potentials δb 2 = dσ 1, δc 1 = mσ 1 F 2 dc 1 + mb 2 : Stückelberg pairing gauging C 1 B 2 C 3 C 5 B 6 C 7 m eaten massive massless massless eaten massive SUSY Domain Walls
12 D8-brane in 10D D8-brane (D8 back reaction ) δc 9 = dλ 8 + H 3 λ 6 : RR tensor in bulk δb 2 = dσ 1 : NSNS tensor in bulk δx = 0 : transverse scalar δb µ = dσ 0 Σ 1 : D8-brane D8-brane SUSY {X, b µ ; ψ} : on-shell (8 boson + 8 fermion ) SUSY Wess-Zumino L WZ = C 9 + C 7 F = ( C e F 2 ) 9 F 2 = db 1 + B 2, H 3 = db 2 ( ) m 0 SUSY Domain Walls
13 D SUSY DWs D Wess-Zumino L WZ (A e F ) D 1 A : F : D ( ) Domain Walls A, F D U-duality G 0 1. (A, F) SUSY 2. SUSY Domain Walls SUSY Domain Walls
14 U-duality G 0 form fields D U-duality G 0 1-forms 2-forms 3-forms 4-forms 5-forms 6-forms 7-forms 8-forms 9-forms 10-forms IIA R IIB SL(2, R) GL(2, R) SL(3, R) SL(2, R) (3, 2) (3, 1) (1, 2) (3, 1) (3, 2) (8, 1) (1, 3) 7 SL(5, R) SO(5, 5) E 6(6) E 7(7) E 8(8) (6, 2) (3, 2) (15, 1) (3, 3) (3, 1) (3, 1) F.Riccioni, D.Steele and P.West, arxiv: SUSY Domain Walls
15 U-duality G 0 form fields D U-duality G 0 1-forms 2-forms 3-forms 4-forms 5-forms 6-forms 7-forms 8-forms 9-forms 10-forms IIA R IIB SL(2, R) GL(2, R) SL(3, R) SL(2, R) (3, 2) (3, 1) (1, 2) (3, 1) (3, 2) (8, 1) (1, 3) 7 SL(5, R) SO(5, 5) E 6(6) E 7(7) E 8(8) (6, 2) (3, 2) (15, 1) (3, 3) (3, 1) (3, 1) Domain walls : (D 1)-forms F.Riccioni, D.Steele and P.West, arxiv: SUSY Domain Walls
16 U-duality G 0 form fields D U-duality G 0 1-forms 2-forms 3-forms 4-forms 5-forms 6-forms 7-forms 8-forms 9-forms 10-forms IIA R IIB SL(2, R) GL(2, R) SL(3, R) SL(2, R) (3, 2) (3, 1) (1, 2) (3, 1) (3, 2) (8, 1) (1, 3) 7 SL(5) SO(5, 5) E 6(6) E 7(7) E 8(8) (6, 2) (3, 2) (15, 1) (3, 3) (3, 1) (3, 1) 7 F.Riccioni, D.Steele and P.West, arxiv: SUSY Domain Walls
17 7 SUSY DWs 7 Domain Walls = 5-branes 7D A G 0 = SL(5, R) A 1,[MN] 1-form 10 A M 2 2-form 5 A 3,M 3-form 5 A [MN] 4 4-form 10 A 5,M N 5-form 24 (adjoint) A 6,(MN) A [MN],P 6 6-forms (M, N = 1,..., 5 of SL(5, R)) SUSY Domain Walls
18 7 SUSY DWs 15 5-brane L 15 WZ A 6,(MN) + A 5,(M P F 1,N)P + A 3,(M F 3,N) +... F 3,N = db 2,N + A 3,N F 1,NP = db 0,NP + A 1,NP X y SUSY Domain Walls
19 7 SUSY DWs 15 5-brane L 15 WZ A 6,(MN) + A 5,(M P F 1,N)P + A 3,(M F 3,N) +... F 3,N = db 2,N + A 3,N F 1,NP = db 0,NP + A 1,NP X y SUSY Domain Walls
20 7 SUSY DWs 15 5-brane L 15 WZ A 6,(MN) + A 5,(M P F 1,N)P + A 3,(M F 3,N) +... F 3,N = db 2,N + A 3,N F 1,NP = db 0,NP + A 1,NP X y M = N(= 1) case : SUSY 5-branes b 2,N=1 : 4C 2 /2 = 3 b 0,[N=1,P ] : 1 4 = 4 X y : 1 8 boson + 8 fermion 1 2 -SUSY! M = 1,..., 5 SUSY Domain Walls
21 7 SUSY DWs 15 5-brane L 15 WZ A 6,(MN) + A 5,(M P F 1,N)P + A 3,(M F 3,N) +... F 3,N = db 2,N + A 3,N F 1,NP = db 0,NP + A 1,NP X y M = N(= 1) case : SUSY 5-branes 5 b 2,N=1 : 4C 2 /2 = 3 b 0,[N=1,P ] : 1 4 = 4 X y : 1 8 boson + 8 fermion 1 2 -SUSY! M = 1,..., 5 M N case : SUSY 5-branes boson 4 SUSY SUSY Domain Walls
22 7 SUSY DWs 15 5-brane L 15 WZ A 6,(MN) + A 5,(M P F 1,N)P + A 3,(M F 3,N) +... F 3,N = db 2,N + A 3,N F 1,NP = db 0,NP + A 1,NP X y M = N(= 1) case : SUSY 5-branes 5 b 2,N=1 : 4C 2 /2 = 3 b 0,[N=1,P ] : 1 4 = 4 X y : 1 8 boson + 8 fermion 1 2 -SUSY! M = 1,..., 5 5 < 15 Elementary SUSY DWs M N case : SUSY 5-branes boson 4 SUSY SUSY Domain Walls
23 7 SUSY DWs 40 L 40 WZ A [MN],P 6 + A 5,Q P F 1,RS ϵ MNQRS + A [MN] 4 F P 2 ( ) [MNP ] brane F P 2 = db P 1 + A P 2 F 1,RS = db 0,RS + A 1,RS X y SUSY Domain Walls
24 7 SUSY DWs 40 L 40 WZ A [MN],P 6 + A 5,Q P F 1,RS ϵ MNQRS + A [MN] 4 F P 2 ( ) [MNP ] brane F P 2 = db P 1 + A P 2 F 1,RS = db 0,RS + A 1,RS X y SUSY Domain Walls
25 7 SUSY DWs 40 L 40 WZ A [MN],P 6 + A 5,Q P F 1,RS ϵ MNQRS + A [MN] 4 F P 2 ( ) [MNP ] brane F P 2 = db P 1 + A P 2 F 1,RS = db 0,RS + A 1,RS X y P = M(= 1 N) case : SUSY 5-branes 20 b P 1 : 4 b 0,[RS] : 1 3 = 3 X y : 1 8 boson + 8 fermion 1 2 -SUSY! M ( 5 C 2 = 20) P M N case : SUSY 5-branes boson 4 SUSY SUSY Domain Walls
26 7 SUSY DWs 40 L 40 WZ A [MN],P 6 + A 5,Q P F 1,RS ϵ MNQRS + A [MN] 4 F P 2 ( ) [MNP ] brane F P 2 = db P 1 + A P 2 F 1,RS = db 0,RS + A 1,RS X y P = M(= 1 N) case : SUSY 5-branes 20 b P 1 : 4 b 0,[RS] : 1 3 = 3 X y : 1 8 boson + 8 fermion 1 2 -SUSY! M ( 5 C 2 = 20) P M N case : SUSY 5-branes boson 4 SUSY SUSY Domain Walls
27 7 SUSY DWs 40 L 40 WZ A [MN],P 6 + A 5,Q P F 1,RS ϵ MNQRS + A [MN] 4 F P 2 ( ) [MNP ] brane F P 2 = db P 1 + A P 2 F 1,RS = db 0,RS + A 1,RS X y P = M(= 1 N) case : SUSY 5-branes 20 b P 1 : 4 b 0,[RS] : 1 3 = 3 X y : 1 8 boson + 8 fermion 1 2 -SUSY! M ( 5 C 2 = 20) 20 < 40 Elementary SUSY DWs P M N case : SUSY 5-branes boson 4 SUSY SUSY Domain Walls
28 Elementary SUSY DWs fundamental Dirichlet solitonic (brane s tension) (g s ) +α D U T # of EDWs α = 0 α = 1 α = 2 α = 3 α = 4 α = 5 IIA R GL(2, R) SO(1, 1) 2 3 U SL(3, R) SL(2, R) SL(2, R) SL(2, R) 6 (6, 2) U (1, 2) T 4 (3, 2) T 7 SL(5, R) SL(4, R) U 4 T 4 10 T T 5 15 U 4 10 T 1 T 6 SO(5, 5) SO(4, 4) U 8 S T C T S T 8 C T 5 E 6(6) SO(5, 5) U 16 T T T T 4 E 7(7) SO(6, 6) U 32 T T T T 32 T 3 E 8(8) SO(7, 7) U 1 T 64 T T T T T T (α 6) T, 6 64 T, 7 1 T, 8 D = 3, 4, 6 S-dual branes α = α 4(D 1) D 2 D = 3, 4, 6 S-dual branes by D-dim. S-duality (g µν) S ((g s ) α d D 2 x [NG(g µν )] = (g s ) α = e 8ϕ/(D 2) (g µν ) S ) d D 2 x [NG(g µν)] SUSY Domain Walls
29 String theory origin of Domain Walls in D-dim. fundamental Dirichlet solitonic α = α 4(D 1) D 2 via S-duality D α = 0 α = 1 α = 2 α = 3 α = 4 α = 5 α = 6 α = 7 α = 8 IIA C 9 [D8] 9 C 8 [D7] E 9,1,1 [7 (0,1) 3 ] 8 C 7 [D6] E 9,2,1 [6 (1,1) 3 ] 7 C 6 [D5] D 6 [NS5] D 7,1 [KK5] D 8,2 [5 2 2] E 9,3,1 [5 (2,1) 3 ] F 9,3 [5 3 4] 6 C 5 [D4] E 9,4,1 [4 (3,1) 3 ] F 9,4,1 [4 (3,1) 4 ] 5 C 4 [D3] E 9,5,1 [3 (4,1) 3 ] F 9,5,2 [3 (3,2) 4 ] 4 C 3 [D2] E 9,6,1 [2 (5,1) 3 ] F 9,6,3 [2 (3,3) 4 ] 3 B 2 [F1] C 2 [D1] E 9,7,1 [1 (6,1) 3 ] F 9,7,4 [1 (3,4) 4 ] F 9,7,1,1 [1 (6,0,1) 4 ] G 9,6,2m G 9,6,2m+1 G 9,7,2m,1 G 9,7,2m+1,1 H 9,7,4+n,n (S 3 (C 2 )) (S 3 (B 2 )) A D T,I1 +I 2,I 2 -forms : mixed-symmetry tensors p (I 1,I 2 ) α -branes T + p + i I i = D 1 with T = 1 : transverse, p : spatial, I i : isometry directions E.A. Bergshoeff et al, arxiv: , arxiv: SUSY Domain Walls
30 Elementary SUSY DWs Z (a) : a-form central charge D R- H Z (1) Z (2) # of EDWs 9 SO(2) SO(3) SO(2) (1, 2) Sp(2) (V), 5 (T) 6 Sp(2) Sp(2) (4, 4) U Sp(8) SU(8) SO(16) # of EDWs = {(10 D) + 1} (# of Z (2) ) 5 D 9 8 D = 4 16 D = 3 ( ) standard branes central charges 1 1 SUSY Domain Walls
31 Elementary SUSY DWs D # of (D 1)-forms # of EDWs # of non-edws (6, 2) (3, 2) Elementary SUSY DWs (EDWs) (D 1)-forms EDWs (D 2)-branes ( ) EDWs 1 2-SUSY threshold bound states of EDWs EDWs 1 2-SUSY non-threshold bound states of EDWs SUSY Domain Walls
32 2 ( ) Embedding Tensor Formalism
33 coset space G 0 /H D U-duality G 0 R- H dim(g 0 /H) T-duality IIA R IIB SL(2, R) SO(2) GL(2, R) SO(2) 3 SO(1, 1) 8 SL(3, R) SL(2, R) SO(3) SO(2) 7 SL(2, R) SL(2, R) 7 SL(5, R) Sp(2) 14 SL(4, R) 6 SO(5, 5) Sp(2) Sp(2) 25 SO(4, 4) 5 E 6(6) USp(8) 42 SO(5, 5) 4 E 7(7) SU(8) 70 SO(6, 6) 3 E 8(8) SO(16) 128 SO(7, 7) SUSY Domain Walls
34 Embedding tensor formalism embedding tensor Θ M α T M Θ M α t α t α Lie G 0 global T M Lie G local µ D µ µ ga M µ T M SUSY Domain Walls
35 Embedding tensor formalism embedding tensor Θ M α T M Θ M α t α t α Lie G 0 global T M Lie G local µ D µ µ ga M µ T M [T M, T N ] = T MN P T P, T MN P Θ M α (t α ) N P [D µ, D ν ] gf M µν T M F M µν µ A M ν ν A M µ + gt [NP ] M A N µ A P ν : 0 = f αβ γ Θ M α Θ N β + (t α ) N P Θ M α Θ P γ SUSY Domain Walls
36 Embedding tensor formalism T (MN) P Θ P α = 0 [T M, T N ] = T MN P T P T (MN) P = 0 δf M µν = 2D [µ δa M ν] 2g T (P Q) M A P [µ δaq ν] δa M µ = D µ Λ M tensor gauge fields B (NP ) µν Stückelberg pairing H M µν F M µν + g T (NP ) M B (NP ) µν SUSY Domain Walls
37 Embedding tensor formalism : Θ M α dim G dim G 0 ( Dµ = µ ga M µ Θ M α t α ) M G 0 SUSY Domain Walls
38 Embedding tensor formalism : Θ M α dim G dim G 0 ( Dµ = µ ga M µ Θ M α t α ) M G 0 D U-duality G 0 constraints on R(M) R(α) 9 GL(2, R) (2 1) (3 1) = SL(3, R) SL(2, R) (3, 2) [(1, 3) (8, 1)] = (3, 2) (3, 2) (3, 4) (6, 2) (15, 2) 7 SL(5, R) = SO(5, 5) = E 6(6) = E 7(7) = E 8(8) = F.Riccioni, D.Steele and P.West, arxiv: SUSY Domain Walls
39 Θ M α D (D 1)-form SUSY Domain Walls
40 U-duality G 0 form fields D U-duality G 0 1-forms 2-forms 3-forms 4-forms 5-forms 6-forms 7-forms 8-forms 9-forms 10-forms IIA R IIB SL(2, R) GL(2, R) SL(3, R) SL(2, R) (3, 2) (3, 1) (1, 2) (3, 1) (3, 2) (8, 1) (1, 3) 7 SL(5, R) SO(5, 5) E 6(6) E 7(7) E 8(8) (6, 2) (3, 2) (15, 1) (3, 3) (3, 1) (3, 1) (D 1)-forms Embedding Tensors F.Riccioni, D.Steele and P.West, arxiv: SUSY Domain Walls
41 Θ α M D (D 1)-form (D 1)-form DWs Elementary SUSY DWs Θ α M SUSY Domain Walls
42 Θ α M D (D 1)-form (D 1)-form DWs Elementary SUSY DWs Θ α M SUSY Domain Walls
43 9 A 1, A 1,a, A 2,a, A 3 (a = 1, 2 of GL(2, R)) SUSY Domain Walls
44 9 A 1, A 1,a, A 2,a, A 3 (a = 1, 2 of GL(2, R)) embedding tensors Θ a in 2, Θ ab in 3 ; with constraints Θ a Θ bc ϵ ab = 0, Θ (a Θ bc) = 0 SUSY Domain Walls
45 9 A 1, A 1,a, A 2,a, A 3 (a = 1, 2 of GL(2, R)) embedding tensors Θ a in 2, Θ ab in 3 ; with constraints Stückelberg pairing Θ a Θ bc ϵ ab = 0, Θ (a Θ bc) = 0 δa 1 = dλ 0 Θ a λ 1,a δa 1,a = dλ 0,a ϵ ab Θ bc λ 1,c δa 2,a = dλ 1,a ϵ ab Θ b λ 2 δa 3 = dλ 2 F 2 = da 1 + Θ a A 2,a F 2,a = da 1,a + ϵ ab Θ bc A 2,c F 3,a = da 2,a + ϵ ab Θ b A 3 F 4 = da 3 SUSY Domain Walls
46 9 A 1, A 1,a, A 2,a, A 3 (a = 1, 2 of GL(2, R)) embedding tensors Θ a in 2, Θ ab in 3 ; with constraints Stückelberg pairing Θ a Θ bc ϵ ab = 0, Θ (a Θ bc) = 0 δa 1 = dλ 0 Θ a λ 1,a δa 1,a = dλ 0,a ϵ ab Θ bc λ 1,c δa 2,a = dλ 1,a ϵ ab Θ b λ 2 δa 3 = dλ 2 F 2 = da 1 + Θ a A 2,a F 2,a = da 1,a + ϵ ab Θ bc A 2,c F 3,a = da 2,a + ϵ ab Θ b A 3 F 4 = da 3 Minimal Gauging (Θ a, Θ ab ) Gauging A 1 A 1,a=1 A 1,a=2 A 2,a=1 A 2,a=2 A 3 Θ 1 = 1, Θ 2 = 0, Θ ab = 0 eaten massless massless massive eaten massive Θ a = 0, Θ 11 = 1, Θ 22 = ±1 massive eaten eaten massive massive massless Θ a = 0, Θ 11 = 1, Θ 22 = 0 massive massless eaten massive massless massless 2 SUSY Domain Walls
47 8 A 1,Ma, A M 2, A 3,a (M = 1, 2, 3 of SL(3, R), a = 1, 2 of SL(2, R)) SUSY Domain Walls
48 8 A 1,Ma, A M 2, A 3,a Minimal gauging (M = 1, 2, 3 of SL(3, R), a = 1, 2 of SL(2, R)) (Θ Ma in (3, 2) EDWs ) Θ MN a = {Θ 11 1, Θ 11 2, Θ 22 1, Θ 22 2, Θ 33 1, Θ 33 2 } in (6, 2) 6 SUSY Domain Walls
49 8 A 1,Ma, A M 2, A 3,a Minimal gauging (M = 1, 2, 3 of SL(3, R), a = 1, 2 of SL(2, R)) (Θ Ma in (3, 2) EDWs ) Θ MN a = {Θ 11 1, Θ 11 2, Θ 22 1, Θ 22 2, Θ 33 1, Θ 33 2 } in (6, 2) 6 Θ MN 1 Θ 1 MN = diag(1 p, 1 q, 0 r ) with p + q + r = 3 CSO(p, q, r) with f MN P = ϵ MNQ Θ P Q [T 1, T 2 ] = Θ 1 33 T 3, [T 2, T 3 ] = Θ 1 11 T 1, [T 3, T 1 ] = Θ 1 22 T 2 (Θ MN 2 = 0) Minimal Θ 22 1 = Θ 33 1 = 0 CSO(1, 0, 2) = Heisenberg algebra (i = 2, 3) Gauging A 1,11 A 1,12 A 1,i1 A 1,i2 A 1 2 A i 2 A 3,a Θ 11 1 = 1, others = 0 massless eaten massive massless massive massless massless (i = 2, 3) SUSY Domain Walls
50 7 A 1,MN, A M 2 (M = 1, 2,..., 5 of SL(5, R)) SUSY Domain Walls
51 7 A 1,MN, A M 2 (M = 1, 2,..., 5 of SL(5, R)) embedding tensors Θ [MN],P v [M w N]P in w NP = diag(1 p, 1 q, 0 r ) with p + q + r = 4 minimal gauging = CSO(1, 0, 3) Gauging A 1,ij A 1,12 A 1,1i A 1,2i A 1 2 A 2 2 A i 2 Θ 12,1 = 1, others = 0 massive eaten massless massless massive massless massless (i = 3, 4, 5) embedding tensors Θ (MN) in 15 5 Θ MN = diag(1 p, 1 q, 0 r ) with p + q + r = 5 minimal gauging = CSO(1, 0, 4) Gauging A 1,1i A 1,ij A 1 2 A i 2 A 3,1 Θ 11 = 1, others = 0 massive massless eaten massless massive (i = 2, 3, 4, 5) SUSY Domain Walls
52 minimal gauging elementary SUSY Domain Walls non-minimal gauging (non)-threshold bound states of EDWs SUSY Domain Walls
53
54 D Domain Walls (DWs) 1 2-SUSY DWs (EDWs) U-duality non-edws (EDWs ) Central charges ( ) EDWs minimal gauging Non-EDWs non-minimal gauging SUSY Domain Walls
55 Elementary SUSY DWs D U T # of EDWs α = 0 α = 1 α = 2 α = 3 α = 4 α = 5 IIA R GL(2, R) SO(1, 1) 2 3 U SL(3, R) SL(2, R) SL(2, R) SL(2, R) 6 (6, 2) U (1, 2) T 4 (3, 2) T 7 SL(5, R) SL(4, R) U 4 T 4 10 T T 5 15 U 4 10 T 1 T 6 SO(5, 5) SO(4, 4) U 8 S T C T S T 8 C T 5 E 6(6) SO(5, 5) U 16 T T T T 4 E 7(7) SO(6, 6) U 32 T T T T 32 T 3 E 8(8) SO(7, 7) U 1 T 64 T T T T T T (α 6) T, 6 64 T, 7 1 T, 8 D R- H Z (1) Z (2) # of EDWs 9 SO(2) SO(3) SO(2) (1, 2) Sp(2) (V), 5 (T) 6 Sp(2) Sp(2) (4, 4) U Sp(8) SU(8) SO(16) SUSY Domain Walls
56 Embedding tensor D 32-SUSY 16-SUSY 8-SUSY 9 arxiv: (unknown) 8 arxiv: (unknown) 7 hep-th/ (unknown) 6 arxiv: (unknown) arxiv: hep-th/ hep-th/ (unknown) 4 arxiv: hep-th/ arxiv: hep-th/ arxiv: arxiv: SUSY Domain Walls
57
58 Defect branes
59 U-duality G 0 form fields D U-duality G 0 1-forms 2-forms 3-forms 4-forms 5-forms 6-forms 7-forms 8-forms 9-forms 10-forms IIA R IIB SL(2, R) GL(2, R) SL(3, R) SL(2, R) (3, 2) (3, 1) (1, 2) (3, 1) (3, 2) (8, 1) (1, 3) 7 SL(5, R) SO(5, 5) E 6(6) E 7(7) E 8(8) (6, 2) (3, 2) (15, 1) (3, 3) (3, 1) (3, 1) (D 2)-forms U-duality group G 0 F.Riccioni, D.Steele and P.West, arxiv: SUSY Domain Walls
60 Wess-Zumino terms for 7-branes in 10D L WZ i A 8,i + F 2 Γ i A A 8,i : 8-forms in bulk Γ i : SO(2, 1) SL(2, R) (i = +,, 3) F 2 = (db 1, S(db 1 )) : curvatures of DBI vector and its S-dual / spinor repr. of SO(2, 1) A 6 = (B (6), C (6) ) : 6-forms in bulk / spinor repr. of SO(2, 1) i = + i = 7-brane S-dual project-out i = 3 SUSY Domain Walls
61 Wess-Zumino terms for defect branes in D-dim. Defect branes (D 2)-form potentials scalar fields U-duality group G 0 T-duality group ( R + ) d = 10 D fundamental Dirichlet solitonic U T α = 0 α = 1 α = 2 α = 3 α = 4 D 5 E d+1(d+1) SO(d, d) Adj U spinor T (Adj + singlet) T conj. spinor T D = 4 E 7(7) SO(6, 6) Adj U singlet T spinor T (Adj + singlet) T conj. spinor T singlet T D = 3 E 8(8) SO(7, 7) Adj U vector T spinor T (Adj + singlet) T conj. spinor T vector T α = α 4 by D-dim. S-duality (g µν) S ((g s ) α d D 2 x [NG(g µν )] = (g s ) α = e 8ϕ/(D 2) (g µν ) S ) d D 2 x [NG(g µν)] E.A. Bergshoeff et al, arxiv: , arxiv: , arxiv: SUSY Domain Walls
62 Defect branes (co-dim. 2) solitonic defect brane (α = 2) supersymmetric fundamental Dirichlet solitonic (brane s tension) (g s ) +α D # of SUSY defect branes α = 0 α = 1 α = 2 α = 3 α = 4 IIB (8, 1) (2, 1) 2 (3, 1) (2, 1) 2 (1, 3) 2 (1, 3) V V E.A. Bergshoeff et al, arxiv: , arxiv: , arxiv: SUSY Domain Walls
63 String theory origin of defect branes in D-dim. fundamental Dirichlet solitonic S D -dual of (Dirichlet) S D -dual of (fundamental) D α = 0 α = 1 α = 2 α = 3 α = 4 IIB C 8 [D7] E 8 = S 10 (C 8 ) [7 3 ] 9 C 7 [D6] E 8,1 = S 9 (C 7 ) [6 1 3] 8 C 6 [D5] D 6 [NS5] D 7,1 [KK5 = 5 1 2] D 8,2 [5 2 2] E 8,2 = S 8 (C 7 ) [5 2 3] 7 C 5 [D4] E 8,3 = S 7 (C 5 ) [4 3 3] 6 C 4 [D3] E 8,4 = S 6 (C 4 ) [3 4 3] 5 C 3 [D2] E 8,5 = S 5 (C 3 ) [2 5 3] 4 B 2 [F1] C 2 [D1] E 8,6 = S 4 (C 2 ) [1 6 3] F 8,6 = S 4 (B 2 ) [1 6 4] 3 [P] C 1 [D0] E 8,7 = S 3 (C 1 ) [0 7 3] F 8,7,1 [0 (6,1) 4 ] p (I 1,I 2 ) α -brane A D T,I1 +I 2,I 2 (T, p, I 1, I 2 ) α with T + p + i I i = D 1 Mass (T,p,I1,I 2 ) α = R 1 R p (R p+1 R p+i1 ) 2 (R p+i1 +1 R p+i1 +I 2 ) 3 (g s ) α SUSY Domain Walls
64 Defect branes (co-dim. 2) D G 0 /H n P n D n S IIB SL(2, R)/SO(2) SL(2, R)/SO(2) R SL(3, R)/SO(3) SL(2, R)/SO(2) SL(5, R)/SO(5) SO(5, 5)/[SO(5) SO(5)] E 6(6) /Sp(8) E 7(7) /SU(8) E 8(8) /SO(16) n P = dim G 0 : # of (D 2)-form potentials n D = dim G 0 rank G 0 : # of SUSY defect branes (rank G 0 = rank T + 1) n S = dim G 0 dim H : # of coset scalars in D-dim. maximal SUGRA SUSY Domain Walls
65 Defect branes (co-dim. 2) Z (a) : a-form central charge D R- H Z (0) Z (1) Z (2) Z (3) n D IIB SO(2) SO(2) SO(3) SO(2) Sp(2) Sp(2) Sp(2) (10, 1) + + (1, 10) U Sp(8) SU(8) SO(16) SUSY Domain Walls
66 CSO(p, q, r) CSO(p, q, r) jump CSO(p, q, 0) = SO(p, q) CSO(p, q, 1) = ISO(p, q) CSO(p, q, r) SO(p, q) U(1) r(r 1) 2 for r 2 C.M. Hull, PL 142B (1984) 39, PL 148B (1984) 297, NPB 253 (1985) 650 L. Andrianopoli et al, hep-th/ , etc. SUSY Domain Walls
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3 3.1 3.1.1 kg m s J = kg m 2 s 2 MeV MeV [1] 1MeV=1 6 ev = 1.62 176 462 (63) 1 13 J (3.1) [1] 1MeV/c 2 =1.782 661 731 (7) 1 3 kg (3.2) c =1 MeV (atomic mass unit) 12 C u = 1 12 M(12 C) (3.3) 41 42 3 u
.5 z = a + b + c n.6 = a sin t y = b cos t dy d a e e b e + e c e e e + e 3 s36 3 a + y = a, b > b 3 s363.7 y = + 3 y = + 3 s364.8 cos a 3 s365.9 y =,
[ ] IC. r, θ r, θ π, y y = 3 3 = r cos θ r sin θ D D = {, y ; y }, y D r, θ ep y yddy D D 9 s96. d y dt + 3dy + y = cos t dt t = y = e π + e π +. t = π y =.9 s6.3 d y d + dy d + y = y =, dy d = 3 a, b
compact compact Hermann compact Hermite ( - ) Hermann Hermann ( ) compact Hermite Lagrange compact Hermite ( ) a, Σ a {0} a 3 1
014 5 4 compact compact Hermann compact Hermite ( - ) Hermann Hermann ( ) compact Hermite Lagrange compact Hermite ( ) 1 1.1. a, Σ a {0} a 3 1 (1) a = span(σ). () α, β Σ s α β := β α,β α α Σ. (3) α, β
