146 西 山 義 久 他 Fig. 1. Areas of interest in each slice on CT B slice: slice involving Broca s area. B/W slice: slice involving Broca/Wernicke s area. W
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1 cc 3 CT Broca Broca/Wernicke Wernicke 5 Broca Wernicke 1/3 1/3 I 1, CT II
2 146 西 山 義 久 他 Fig. 1. Areas of interest in each slice on CT B slice: slice involving Broca s area. B/W slice: slice involving Broca/Wernicke s area. W slice: slice involving Wernicke s area. SM slice: slice involving Supramarginal gyrus. SM+1 slice: slice above the SM slice. B: Broca s area (45 area). T: The temporal lobe area anterior to Wernicke s area. I: Insula related area (Insular region containing the insula, extreme capsule, claustrum, and external capsule). P: Putamen. GP: Globus pallidus. W: Wernicke s area (22 area). PM: Pre-motor cortex. Mot: Motor cortex. Sens: Sensory cortex. Asm: Supramarginal gyrus (anterior part). Psm: Supramarginal gyrus (posterior part). Ang: Angular gyrus. PVWM: Periventricular white matter. A1/3: Anterior 1/3 of PVWM. M1/3: Middle1/3 of PVWM. P1/3: Posterior 1/3 of PVWM. 26 例を対象とした 手術によって神経線維の 損傷範囲が拡大する可能性があるため 手術例 は対象から除外した 6 厚 cm 2 として概算した CT 所 見 は Broca 野 Broca/Wernicke 野 Wernicke 野 縁上回およびその上方をそれぞ 失語症は 標準失語症検査の重症度尺度によ れ含む 5 断面を選択し それらの各断面の中で り 重度 中等度 軽度 なしの 4 段階に分類 白質も加えた重要な神経学的構造物を関心領域 し 発症後 3 ヶ月時点で評価を行った として設定し 各領域内での病巣占有度を評価 血腫量は CT 上 軸位断における血腫の最 した 関心領域としては Broca 野 Wernicke 大径 これと直交する血腫径 血腫のスライス 野 島関連領域 被殻 淡蒼球 運動皮質 感
3 147 Fig χ 2 Fisher III cc 9.35 cc Table Table ml ml 12.5 ml Broca Wernicke 1/3 1/3 Broca/Wernicke 1/3 Table CT 18.0 cc Fig. 2 MMT 1 Table 1. Summary of cases
4 148 西 山 義 久 他 Table 2. Persisting aphasia and location of hemorrhage Fig. 2. CT findings of Case 4 A: B slice, B: B/W slice, C: W slice, D: SM slice, E: SM+1 slice. The hematoma superiorly extended to periventricular white matter area. 認めなかった 失語症の経過 発症 1 ヶ月後には 言語了解 発語量も増加し ゆっくりであれば日常会話が 可能となったが 喚語 書字困難を中心に失語 面から改善を示し 簡単なコミュニケーション 症が残存した が成立するようになったが 発語は単文レベル 症例 6 で 書字も障害されていた 発症 3 ヶ月後には 50 歳男性
5 149 左被殻出血と失語症 Fig. 3. CT findings of Case 6 A: B slice, B: B/W slice, C: W slice, D: SM slice, E: SM+1 slice. The hematoma laterally extended to the insular cortex. 既往歴 アルコール性肝硬変 高尿酸血症 いては 血腫量が 25 cc を超えると 皮質下白 現病歴 2004 年 4 月 8 日 突然の右片麻痺 質の広範な器質的損傷により永続的な失語症が 1 との報告や 逆に血腫量が小さい および失語症にて発症した 頭部 CT 上 左被 残存する 殻出血の血腫量は 13.1 cc と少なかったが 島 症例では失語症は出現せず 被殻自体は言語 皮質方向 被殻の外側 へ進展していた Fig. 3 7 予後と関係しない 8 との報告がある 入院時神経学的所見 意識はほぼ清明で 本研究においても 血腫量が 10 cc 未満の症 MMT 1-2 の右片麻痺を認めた 全失語を認め 例では失語症が残存した例はなく 25 cc 以上の 発語なく言語了解も不良であった 症例ではいずれも中等度から重度の失語症が残 失語症の経過 発症 1 ヶ月後には 言語機能 存し これまでの報告と一致する結果であった は全体的に改善を示し 日常会話が成立するよ しかし 異なる点として 血腫量が比較的小さ うになったが 長文理解の障害や 喚語 書字 い cc の症例にも永続的な失語症が残存 計算能力の障害が残存した 注意障害 記銘力 することが明らかとなった これまでに軽度の 障害も認められた 発症 3 ヶ月後には ゆっく 失語症が重要視されていなかった点も否定でき りであれば日常会話は可能となったが 喚語 ないが 患者満足度や障害受容などの点におい 書字困難を中心に失語症が残存した て軽度の失語症にも十分な対処が必要である 左被殻出血後の失語症の発生と血腫の進展方 IV 考 察 向について検討がなされており 被殻出血によ る失語には皮質下白質線維の損傷が深く関与し 左被殻出血後の失語症と血腫量との相関につ ているとの意見が多い 1,2,4,9 11 伊林らは 被
6 150 Broca Wernicke 2 Naeser Broca 4 suplementary motor area Broca Wernicke Geschwind 12 Wernicke Broca Broca Wernicke Broca/Wernicke 1/3 1/3 MR tractgraphy 13 V 1 29: , : , Cappa SF, Cavalott G, Guidotti M, Papagno C, Vignolo LA: Subcortical aphasia: Two clinical CT scan correlation studies. Cortex, 19: , Naeser MA, Alexander MP, Helm-Estabrooks N, Levine HL, Laughlin SA, et al.: Aphasia with predominantly subcortical lesion site. Arch Neurol, 39: 2 14, : , Kothari RU, Brott T, Broderick JP, Barsan WG, Sauerbeck LR, et al.: The ABCs of measuring intracerebral hemorrhage volumes. Stroke, 27: , Hier DB, Davis KR, Richardson EP, Mohr JP: Hypertensive putaminal hemorrhage. Ann Neurol, 1: , Bhatia KP, Marsden CD: The behavioural and motor consequences of focal lesions of the basal
7 151 ganglia in man. Brain, 117: , : , : 364, Liepmann H: Zum Stande der Aphasiefrage. Neurol Centralbl, 28: , Geschwind N: Disconnection syndrome in animals and man. Part II. Brain, 88: 585, SLTA follow up CT Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 21: , Left Putaminal Hemorrhage and Aphasia: Relationship between Hematoma Extention and Prognosis of Speech Dysfunction Yoshihisa NISHIYAMA 1), Keiji KOMIYA 2), Toru HORIKOSHI 1) and Hiroyuki KINOUCHI 1) 1) Department of Neurosurgery, Yamanashi University Hospital and 2) Department of Speech Therapy, Kofu Jonan Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan Abstract: Objectives: Prognosis of aphasia after left putaminal hemorrhage is related to the volume of hematoma. Persistent aphasia may be caused by injury of connection fiber in the subcortical white matter. To clarify the relationship between hematoma extension and aphasia, computed tomography (CT) image of cases with left putaminal hemorrhage were evaluated. Methods: Twenty-six cases of patients with left putaminal hemorrhage treated conservatively were included in this study. Ahasia was assessed 3 months after the onset, and graded with severity scale of Standard Language Test for Aphasia. Hematoma extension was evaluated on the initial CT images. Ranges of interest were set on 5 slices including Broca s area, Wernicke s area, supramarginal gyrus. Results: Hematoma extension in the insula-related area on the slice containing Broca s area or Wernicke s area, in the anterior and middle third of periventricular white matter on the slice of supramarginal gyrus were significantly related to residual aphasia. Conclusion: Present results indicate damages of the uncinate fascicle or superior longitudinal fascicle correlate with poor prognosis of speech disturbance even in non-massive left putaminal hemorrhage. Key words: Putaminal hemorrhage, aphasia, computed tomography, standard language test for aphasia, connection fiber injury
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