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1 J Jpn Prosthodont Soc, 34: , Muscle Activities in the Region of Neck, Shoulder and Back during Isometric Horizontal Jaw Exercises in Various Postures Tadashi Yoshimatsu Abstract: Eleven healthy participants were made to perform isometric horizontal jaw movements with maximum volantary efforts in various postures. Surface EMGs from the laterocervical, nucha, shoulder and back regions were bilaterally picked up, and simultaneously recorded with jaw force. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Electromyographic power value in these regions depended on the directions of the jaw exercises (posteriorly pull> posterolaterally pull> anteriorly push anterolaterally push, P<0.0001). 2. The directional effects mentioned above were significantly obvious in the inferior laterocervical (Electrode No. 2) and back Electrode No. 5) regions (P<0.0001). 3. The postural effects on the power value were varied with the directions of the jaw exercises (P à0.03); i.e., the highest value during jaw pull was observed in an upright position, while that during jaw push was found in a supine position. 4. From above results, it would be considered that occlusal habits with sustained isometric jaw retrusion might have higher probability to provoke the discomfortableness in the neck, shoulder and back regions than those with protrusion, and that the habits with the retrusion might be more injurious in a supine than in an upright position, while those with the protrusion more injurious in an upright position. Key words: horizontal jaw movement, neck, shoulder and back, posture, muscle activity Nagasaki University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Major in Kinesiology of Occlusion (Director: Prof. Hiroyuki Fujii)

3 An example of raw recordings in a supine position with headrest. The subject was asked to do isometric protrusion. EMGs for one second interval of time indicated by twobroken lines were analyzed to obtain their power values (100 percentile value). Broken line on the left hand side showed the timing of onset of the plateau level of the max. jaw force

4 the analysis of variance for EMG power value confidence limit at 95% level of EMG power value Significant factors (E, D, D ~E, P ~D) in the model were tabulated. I: push or pull side in isometric lateral exertion, C: contralateral side SV: source of variation, df: degree of freedom, MS: mean square, F': variance ratio (F values), P: probability of the null hypothesis (P values), error': pooled errors Confidence limits at 95% E: }6.72, D: }1.28, D ~E: }7.58, P ~D: }2.02

5 Significant factor (D ~E) in the model was illustrated (P<0.0001). Vertical bar shows confidence limits at 95%

6 Significant factor (P ~D) in the model was illustrated (P à0.03)

8 1) Perry, H.T.: The symptomology of temporomandibular joint disturbance, J Prosthet Dent. 19: 288 `298, ) Krogh-Poulsen, W.G.: Management of the Occlusion of

9 the Teeth, edited by Schwartz, L. and Chayes, C. M., Facial Pain and Mandibular Dysfunction, 249 `280, W.B. Saunders, Phila., ) Zarb, G. A. and Thompson, G. W.: Assessment of clinical treatment of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction, J Prosthet Dent, 24: 542 `554, occlusion and rehabilitation; 2nd ed., Blackwell Scientific Pub., Oxford, Morgan, D.H., House, L,R., Hall, W.P. et al, Diseases of the temporomandibular apparatus: 2 nd ed., Mosby, St. Louis, ) Griffin, C.J.: The treatment of the temporomandibular 22) Moller, E.: The chewing apparatus, Acta Phisiol Scand, 69, suppl. (280): 59 `150, joint syndrome, Monogr oral Sci, 4: 170 `187, ) Roche, A.F.: Functional anatomy of the muscles of mastication, A critical review, J Prosthet Dent, 13: 548 `570, Ramfjord, S. P. and Ash, M. M.: Occlusion: 2nd ed, 8) , W.B. Saunders, Phila., ) Lous, I., Sheikholeslam, A. and Willer, E.: Postural activity in subjects with functional disorders of the chewing apparatus, Scand J Dent 78: 404 `410, Res, ) Sheikholeslam, A., Willer, E. and Lous, I.: Postural and maximal activity in elevators of mandible before and after treatment of functional disorders, Scand J Dent Res, 90: 37 `46, 1982, 30) Lund, P., Nishiyama, T. and MƒÓller, E.: Postural ac- tivity in the muscles of mastication with the subject upright, inclined, and supine, Scand j Dent Res, 78: 417 `424, ) Hagberg, C., Agerberg, G. and Hagberg, M.: Regression analysis of electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles versus bite force, Scand J Dent Res, 93: 396 `402, nd ed., F. A. Davis Phila., ) Broser, F., Hopf, H. C and Hufschmidt, H. J.: Die Ausbreitung des Trigeminus-eflexes beim Menschen, Deut Z Nervenheilk, 186: 149 `161, ) Sumino, R., Nozaki, S. and Katoh, M.: Trigemino-eck reflex, edited by Kawamura, Y. and Dubner, R., Oral- sensory and motor functions, 81 `88, Quintessence facial Pub., Inc., ) Sartucci, F., Rossi, A. and Rossi, B.: Trigemino cervical reflex in man, Electomyogr Clin Neurophysiol, 26: 123 `129, ) Rossi, B., Pasca, S. L. and Sartucci, F. et al: Trige-

10 mino-ervical reflex in pathology of the brain stem and of the first cervical cord segments, Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol, 29: 67 `71, ) Shore, N. A.: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction, Diagnosis and Treatment, New York State D J, 34: 5 `14, ) Sarnat, B. G. and Laskin, D. M.: The temporomandibular joint; 3rd ed., 348 `400, Charles C Thomas Pub., Springfield, ) Voss, H.: Tabelle der absoluten und relativen Muskelspindelzahlen der menschlichen Skelettmuskulatur, Anat Anz Bd, 129: 562 `572, ) Barcroft, H. and Millen, J. L. E.: The blood flow through muscle during sustained contraction, J Physiol (Lond), 97: 17 `31, 1939.

A comparative study of the masseter muscle activities after clenching task in mandibular rest position before and after treatment in TMD patients Nori

A comparative study of the masseter muscle activities after clenching task in mandibular rest position before and after treatment in TMD patients Noriko Inoue, Tohru Imai*, Takaaki Yamamoto*, Shinji Nakamura*