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1 »» DiffServ»»
2 1. b»» L» b: L:
3 »»...»» Responce Time 15ms propagation delay, 128 bytes 64Kbps Mbps Gbps System Load
4 » 1Mbps / 10Mbps / 100Mbps / 1Gbps» 100m / 2Km / 10Km /» UTP / /» /» Local Area Network (LAN)» LAN Campus Network» LAN Home Network»» Wireless LAN Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)» Wide Area Network (WAN) Wireless WAN»»
5 UTP/CAT5» Unshielded Twisted-Pair cable» CATegory 5» Optical Fiber Cable»» (MMF) / (SMF) Ethernet (10BaseT, 100BaseT) ATM»» HIPPI, IEEE1394»»
6 » WWW, etc)»»»» I/O»»» LAN WAN»»»
7 High Gigabit Domain Remote Procedure Call Distributed Computing Supercomputer Networking Vitrual Reality Delay Sensitivity Multimedia Teleconferencing Remote Visualization LAN Interconnection HDTV Low Low File Transfer Data Volume Disk Backup High IP (Internet Protocol)
8 » 10BaseT» (edge device) ATM» (Edge device) router (uplink) e.g. hub, concentrator
9 » UTP/CAT5 19inch Wiring Closet» LAN UTP/CAT5 LAN UTP/CAT5»» (1)» IP (Internet Protocol) (AppleTalk, MS-Net, Netware, SNA) IP» IP Label Switching Technology Layer 3 switching e.g. IP switch, CSR IP only
10 (2)» AppleTalk / EtherTalk bridge (Cameroon» IP + IGP (1)» WWW DB»
11 (2) ) (1) Layer 2» Router Router Packet Forwarding Performance» Switch ATM, FDDI, Ethernet (10, 100, G) ATM LAN Emulation»
12 (2) Layer 3»» Layer 2 LSI PC»»» MPEG2/MPEG4 Windows Media Technology» MP3»
13 » (CBR: Constant Bit Rate) (VBR: Variable Bit Rate)» 30 / 1/30»»
14 Ethernet CSMA/CD LAN IEEE802.3» 10Mbps,» 1500octet MTU» LAN 10Base5, 10Base2 UTP 10BaseT»» 100Mbps Ethernet Fast Ethernet UTP/CAT5 10Mbps Ethernet Bidirectional 100BaseT» Auto-sense / Auto-negotiation»» 10BaseT/100BaseT, Unidirectional / Bidirectional»
15 1Gbps Gigabit Ethernet (IEEE802.3z)» 1Gbps»» 1000Base-SX ( ), 1000Base-LX ( ) IEEE802.3z»» NIC Gigabit Ethernet (IEEE802.3ab) Gigabit Ethernet 1000Base-T
16 Gigabit Ethernet» (SX, LX)» ZX Ethernet Ethernet Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Data Rate 10Mbps 100Mbps 1Gbps CAT 5 UTP 100m 100m 100m STP/Coax 500m 100m 25m Multi-mode Fiber 2Km 412m (hd*) 550m 2Km (fd*) Single-mode Fiber 25Km 20Km 5Km *IEEE half duplex/full duplex ) IEEE 802.3z
17 Ethernet Family Fast Ethernet» 10BaseT»» 10BaseT»»» ATM 10Gbps Ethernet Ethernet 10Gbps Ethernet!?
18 Trunk Ethernet» IEEE802.3ad GbE 4» 1Gbps 4 channel 100BaseT FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface 100Mbps»» FDDI» Cabletron Systems: GigaSwitch» Full-duplex FDDI (200Mbps )
19 FDDI»» FDDI» FDDI» Full-duplex FDDI 4 channel: 800Mbps» ATM ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode 53octet (cell)» cut-through»» VP (Virtual Path) VC (Virtual Circuit)» ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)
20 ATM» SONET (Synchronous Optical Network)»» OC (Optical Carrier level) OC-3 OC-12 OC-24 OC Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps» OC-3 OC-12, OC-48 ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) ATM» AAL1» AAL3/4» AAL5 ATM Forum ATM AAL5
21 ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit)» VC» SVC (Switched Virtual Circuit)» VC» LAN Emulation ATM PVC»» VC PVP»» VC
22 ATM NTT MegaLink» ATM» ATM 1.5Mbps SD 3Mbps ATM * VC Single Mode Fiber (traffic shaper) ATM LANE LAN Emulation» ATM LAN SVC ARP» LANE LECS (LAN Emulation Configuration Server) LES (LAN Emulation Server) BUS (Broadcast and Unknown Server)
23 ATM LANE LANE ATM»» LANE» uplink ATM» client Ethernet» LANE ATM LANE» 20%» LANE LANE
24 ATM MPOA Multi-Protocol Over ATM ATM» ATM Forum» LANE» VC mapping cut-through packet forwarding NHRP (Next Hop Resolution Protocol) MPOA HIPPI High Performance Parallel Interface (ANSI X3T9.3/88)» 800Mbps (32bit) / 1.6Gbps (64bit)» HIPPI-FP (framing protocol) HIPPI switch»» non-blocking switch Essential ESN
25 HIPPI» SGI HIPPI (800Mbps)» (25m) (10Km)» NIC :-) GSN Gigabyte System Network» HIPPI-6400» SuperHIPPI HIPPI» 6.4Gbps» error-free, flow controlled data channel» HIPPI-800 transparent bridging» (1998 ) ANSI X3T11
26 Fibre Channel HIPPI» SCSI» 266Mbps ( 800Mbps ), 10Km» SAN (Storage Area Networking)»»» Gigabit Ethernet HIPPI IP over Something (1) Payload Encapsulation»»» Encapsulation / De-capsulation IP IP
27 Classical IP over ATM» AAL5» ATM» SONET IP over Something (2)»» IP AAL5 IP datagram.. ATM SONET IP over SONET IP over Something (3) IP over Glass» POS (Packet Over SONET)» SONET IP IP Point-to-Point» SONET Point-to-Point» Point-to-Point
28 Packet Over SONET SONET» ATM SONET» PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) SONET RFC1619 PPP over SONET/SDH FRC1662 PPP in HDLC-like Framing PPP SONET Packet Over SONET LAN?» SONET/SDH SONET SONET switch?» SONET/SDH POS
29 Packet Over SONET» SONET»»» NTT MAPOS (multiple access protocol over SONET/SDH) RFC IP over Glass»» NEDO» N+I 99 Tokyo ShowNET NEC
30 WDM Wave-Division Multiplex ( )» ( ) SONET OC-48 8»» LAN WDM Nbase CIENA D-WDM: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing OC48(2.4G), OC192(9.6G).100G
31 D-WDM IP over WD WDM IP» IP over SONET» IP over Glass»
32 xdsl»»»» ADSL, SDSL ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)» Km» Mbps» 16~640Kbps SOHO» Redback, cisco, shasta,» ShowNet
33 ADSL DSLAM aggregator CPE IEEE1394 TV VCR AV» Mbps» SONY ilink (DV ) IEEE1394 Serial Bus IP» IETF ip1394 WG
34 DV over IP DV over RTP/IP (Internet) DV over IEEE1394 DV over IEEE1394 WIDE Project Mbps Comet (IEEE 1394 / IP)
35 Sender DV/IP Encapsulation Receiver 1394 Header Application Header DV DV DV DV recorder deck UDP DV IP UDP DV WIDE Workshop on Nov.27, 1999 at at KUSA
36 DV Multicast with PIM-SM over IPv6 JB Network Source KUSA Connected site Data-link line KIT Tohoku To: JAIST To: Tohoku MEX Kyushu Hitoshima JAIST Kurashiki Kurashiki Osaka Kyoto NAIST To: Osaka To: Kyoto Toshiba Hitachi KEIO SFC CRL Univ. Tokyo NTT/KDD SONY-CSL Kyushu Univ. Hiroshima Univ. Keio SFC KAME Project NAIST KUSA; Kurashiki University of Science and the Arts
37 (1) Point-to-Point» CANOBEAM 2Km ATM(OC-3), FDDI, Fast Ethernet (2) Wireless Ethernet» Wireless LAN kbps 3Mbps 10Mbps Lucent WaveLAN» b cisco Lucent»
38 (3)» : 9.6Kbps» PHS: 32Kbps» cdmaone: 64Kbps» IMT2000 International Mobile Telecommunications Mbps CDMA Ubiquitous Internetworking
39 3. ( ) Integrated Service RSVP Differentiated Service ECN
40 Active Queue Management : RFC2309» Queue Management (i.e., Packet Drop)» TCP End-End Congestion Control (1988 VJ; Back-Off, Fast- Retransmission) Router» (a) Simple Tail Drop ( )» (b) Random Drop on Full» (c) Drop Front of Full (RED@1993) (i) Estimate Average Queue Length (ii) Drop Decision/Selection» Scheduling Algorithm (a) CBQ (Class-Based Queuing) (b) WFQ (Weighted Fair Queuing) Queue Management (a) Simple Tail Drop ( ) buffer==full drop (b) Random Drop on Full buffer==full buffer==full drop drop
41 Queue Management (c) Drop Front of Full (e.g.,red) buffer buffer==full buffer==full buffer==full drop or or drop drop CBQ / WFQ [Class_1] : [Class_2] : [Class_3] = A:B:C Queue Packet Queuing, Class_3 Scheduler to to pick pick a packet packet from from an an appropriate queue queue Class_2 Classifier Class_1
42 [Class_1] : [Class_2] : [Class_3] = 4 : 2 : 1 (1) Queue Class_1 Class_2 Class_3 WFQ Class_1 Class_2 Class_3 4 : 2 : 1 (2)Class_1 Class_2 Class_1 Class_2 2 : 1 : 0 (3) Class_1 Class_3 Class_1 Class_3 4 : 0 : 1 CSR Cell Switch Routing» Label switching»» VC ATM» QoS VC
43 CSR CSR controller (1) CSR edge ATM switch (2) CSR edge (1) VC (2) VC Label Switching (1)» CSR (Toshiba)» Tag Switch (cisco)» IP Switch (Ipsilon)» IETF Multiprotocol Label Switching (mpls)» Label Switching» QoS»
44 Label Switching (2)» QoS» ATM»» ATM, WDM,. Label Switch Routers LSR LSR LSR LSR LSR I/F p2p Label Binding Protocol Fast Ethernet
45 MPLS; Reservation-Driven with RSVP Label Distribution Protocol Message PATH Message RESV Message Destination Node 1 Source Node 1 Label Binding => LSP Establishment Destination Node 2 (*) LDP can be piggy back to RSVP messages LSP for Engineering Purpose - multiple paths - PATH1 R2 R1 Multiple Virtual Links by LSPes - QoS/CoS policy - Load distribution PATH2
46 (i.e., best-match) (i.e., exact-match) VPN»»
47 ? Differentiated Services» RSVP / Int-Serv per-flow QoS» 1997 IETF TOS
48 Differentiated Service IPv4 TOS(Type of Service)» 6 bits ; for Diff-Serve» 2 bits ; for ECN(Explicit Congestion Notification) Signaling» Flow» Stateless CoS» Scalability Policing/Admission /Shaping Edge_Router + Core_Router» Edge Router ; TOS Packet_Scheduling» Core Router ; Scheduling ( ) IPv4 header Ver. IHL Type of Service Total Length (in Octet) Identification Flags Fragment Offset Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum Source Address Destination Address Option (if any)
49 TOS TOS» 2bit ECN» IPv6 Traffic Class precedence low throughput Reliability delay min cost DSCP (Differentiated Service Code Point) (currently unused) Differentiated Service for Premier Service(CoS) - PHB(Per-Hop-Behavior) - CU(Currently Unused) => for ECN(Explicit Congestion Notification)? TOS : TOS field PHB CU PHB: Class Selector Drop Prece DE (Default Service) EF (Expedited Forwarding) Others AF (Assured Forwarding) xxxxx0 Standard Purpose xxxx11 Experimental Purpose xxxx01 Experimental Purpose
50 TOS field Assured Forwarding Service EF AF BF - 4 Classes, 3 drop precedence 12 levels of service classes - Keep the packet order in micro-flow - Timming Class 1 Class2 Class3 Class4 Low Drop Prec Medium Drop Prec High Drop Prec Class Selector Drop Prece. Diff-Serv» (edge node) SLA: Service Level Agreement»» (boundary node) SLA) PHB (Per-Host Behavior)
51 Diff-Serve Network Architecture Edge Router ISP1 Diff-Serve Network IX ISP2 Access/Multiplexing Network Diff-Serve Network Legacy LAN SOHO Differentiated Service CoS Packet Scheduling by PHB PHB Destination Node 1 PHB= PHB= PHB Source Node 1 : Expedited Forwarding (EF) : Default Forwarding (DE) Destination Node 2
52 Diff-serv» DSCP» SLA» Diff-serv Diff-serv»» 4. Lessons so far...
53 100BaseT» UTP/CAT5» 10BaseT 100BaseT PC WS Ethernet 100BaseT (1) FDDI, ATM, Gigabit Ethernet, HIPPI» FDDI Switched FDDI» ATM OC-12 OC-48 classical IP over ATM (PVC), LANE, MPOA» HIPPI switch HIPPI
54 (2) Gigabit Ethernet»» FDDI»» FDDI NIC 100BaseT NIC ATM» LANE VLAN»»»» 2»
55 WDM POS» LAN» LAN» trunk» AVICI Carrier Level Router
56 Point-to-Point»» Wireless LAN mobile»»» IEEE b» 64Kbps»».»» SOHO Gigabit Ethernet?
57 »»»»» Appendix
58 On-line Resources ATM Forum» Gigabit Ethernet Alliance» Fibre Channel Association» High Performance Networking Forum» IETF home page» On-line Resources ADSL Forum»
(1) CCITT X.25 (HDLC/LAPB) SDLC (Synchronous Data Link Control protocol) HDLC High-speed Data Link Control protocol ITU-T/ISO ADCCP Advanced Data Comm
I / 6 1 1. HDLC I / 6 2 (1) CCITT X.25 (HDLC/LAPB) SDLC (Synchronous Data Link Control protocol) HDLC High-speed Data Link Control protocol ITU-T/ISO ADCCP Advanced Data Communication Control Protocol
QoS Intserv diffserv 1998 12 16 Internet Week 98 Internet Week98 1998 Kenjiro Cho, Japan Network Information Center 1 3 QoS Intserv RSVP QoS Diff-serv 2 QoS ISP 3 2.1 FAX LAN WAN LAN WAN Heavy Tail WWW
C08.PDF
QoS Diffserv 1999 12 14 Internet Week 99 Internet Week 99 1999 kenjiro Cho, Japan Network Information Center 1 DiffServ DiffServ DiffServ DiffServ 2 DiffServ congestion 90 IP IP 3 QoS 3.1 QoS QoSQuality
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1 ATM 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 ATM Forum UNI 3.0 MPOA v1.0 LANE v2.0 UNI 2.0 IISP PVC SVC ATM Forum Cisco Systems Sprint Net/Adaptive Northern Telecom PNNI Traffic Management Available Bit Rate
IP: TCP: QoS 90 QoS IP IP IP
InternetWeek99 QoS DiffServ kjc@csl.sony.co.jp DiffServ DiffServ DiffServ DiffServ IP: TCP: QoS 90 QoS IP IP IP QoS QoS (admission control) (classifier) (shaping)(policing) (packet scheduler) (signaling)
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2: ()? 2 UTP ()!! SW-HUB 3 Point-to-Point Broadcast Multiple Access Non-Broadcast Multiple Access Point-to-Point 2 MAC Examples Node A Node B 1 Broadcast Multiple Access () MAC Node A Node B Node C Ethernet
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ATM ATM ( ) hiroshi hiroshi@isl isl.rdc rdc.toshiba toshiba.co..co.jp jp 1. 1. ATM ATM 2. 2. ATM ATM 3. 3. ATM ATM IP IP (1) (1) NBMA NBMA (2) (2) (3) (3) 4. 4. ATM ATM 5. 5. 1. ATM ATM OC-3(155Mbps),
DiffServ DiffServ QoS DiffServ DiffServ host host host host Internet
InternetWeek2000 Diffserv kjc@csl.sony.co.jp Diffserv QoS IP IP DS ISP DiffServ DiffServ QoS DiffServ DiffServ host host host host Internet IP: TCP: QoS 90 QoS IP IP IP QoS QoS packet scheduler input driver
Internet Week98 QoS : Int-serv Diff-serv QoS Int-serv RSVP Diff-serv
Internet Week98 QoS : Int-serv Diff-serv kjc@csl.sony.co.jp QoS Int-serv RSVP Diff-serv QoS e.g., voice & data 10M/10 100M/100 --> FAX LAN/WAN/ vs vs = heavy tail WWW CPU ARPANET M/M/1 1 (2) N = T N: :
total.dvi
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