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14 ON THE "WAHI" OR "KOSE" DISEASE, AN ELEPHANTISIS-LIKE DISEASE, IN CATTLE. (FIRST REPORT) HIDEO OGUNI. (From the Veterinary Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Nishigahara, Tokyo.) (Received for publication April 22, 1927) A certain elephantiasis-like disease "Wahi" or "Kose" has long been known among native cattle in this country. A large number of cases occur in summer, while rare in winter, animals, 3-7 years old, being mostly affected. The disease has ever been considered to be merely a kind of scabies, or referred to an intoxication or some other condition, but the causal agent is not yet decided. A few years ago the writer began investigations on the etiology of this disease, and succeeded in demonstrating a kind of Microfilaria which is believed to be closely related to this disease. SYMPTOMS. Symptoms differ according to the stages of the disease. Generally speaking, predisposed sites are found on the skin of the head, neck and back, and the lower portion of limbs remaining usually unaffected. As one of the first symptoms, several small nodules which may be felt by stroking, are found here and there on the skin. In some cases many parts of the skin are peeled off, leaving bright red, sensitive, moist and bleeding surfaces. With the progress of the affection the number of nodules increases, the hairs become lusterless and fall off, thick folds due to the thickening of the skin being gradually formed on the neck and the throat. In case the process proceeds further, the thickening of the skin is so pronounced that it looks like that in the case of elephantiasis. Throughout all stages of this disease severe itching

15 is noted as a constant symptom. Continuous rubbing, biting and scratching due to the irritation lead to loss of condition. These symptoms decline in cool weather and the case may appear to be healed, but on the return of warm weather they reappear, assuming larger extension. HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS OF THE SKIN. Although the histological findings of the skin differ according to the course of the disease, its principal changes may generally be divided into three stages. The first stage. At first a remarkable cellular infiltration is seen in the papillary and subpapillary layers of the corium, especially in the perivascular part. The infiltration consist mostly of eosinophilic leucocytes, a few mast-cells and fibroblasts being found. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes are rare. What is more, a good many of Mierofilaria are found in the foci and in small blood vessels or capillaries. The second stage. The surface of epidermis becomes more or less irregular, so that the arrangement of epithelial cells is complicated. In several parts of the corium, young granulation tissue begins to proliferate. The eosinophilia tends to decrease. The microfilaria is rather rarely found. The third stage. The surface of epidermis is more sharply zig-zag in shape. Granulation tissue becomes fibrous and the vascularisation retires. As the connective tissue proliferates, hair follicles and sweat glands are often seen atrophied. At this time, afew Microfilaria in degenerated form are discovered only after hard examination of a great many series of sections. THE MORPHOLOGY OF MICROFILARIA. In shape the Microfilaria is like the embryos of the Filaria being equal to the diameter of a red blood corpuscle. The sheath can not be demonstrated. The anterior end is obtuse, the posterior part narrow, ending in a somewhat sharp point. The body stained

16 with alaun hematoxylin shows the multitude of small sharply differentiated nuclei ; besides, the nervous ring, excretion-pores, genital cells, anal-pores are clearly observed. Futher investigation with regard to the disease is now in progress ; the results will be reported later. (Author's abstract from his Japanese paper) EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1. A bull affected with "Rose" disease (5 years old.) Fig. 2. Microfilaiia in a section of the skin. Hematoxylin-eosin staining.

17 OGUNI, "WAHI" OR "KOSE" Fig. Fig. 2 PLATE IV DISEASE IN CATTLE 1 Fig.3

On the Wireless Beam of Short Electric Waves. (VII) (A New Electric Wave Projector.) By S. UDA, Member (Tohoku Imperial University.) Abstract. A new e

On the Wireless Beam of Short Electric Waves. (VII) (A New Electric Wave Projector.) By S. UDA, Member (Tohoku Imperial University.) Abstract. A new electric wave projector is proposed in this paper. The