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1 Effect of rehabilitation on the postapoplectic hemiplegia With special reference to the findings in cerebral angiography Hisatada Aoki The First Department of Internal Medicine,Nippon Medical School The most important problem in treating the survivors from cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the rehabilitation of hemiplegia.in the present study, the relationships of the findings in cerebral angiography (CAG) to the effect of rehabilitation were investigated using92patients of postapoplectic hemiplegia:69cerebral infarction,21 cerebral hemorrhage and2subarachnoid hemorrhage.the diagnosis was made according to the criteria proposed by the research group supported by the Ministry of Education. The CAG findings were classified into the following categories:stenosis,occlusion,elongation,and tortuosity. In order to evaluate the results of rehabilitation,following classification was used:4stages for the function of upper extremities(non-functioning,aided,subnormally and normally working hand),5stages for the function of lower extremities(bedridden,not walking,assisted walking, independent but incomplete walking,and independent walking)and4stages for activities of daily living(adl)(totally dependent,partially dependent,partially independent and independent). Evaluation of the degree was made at the times of admission and discharge. The improvement of upper and lower extremities and ADL was observed in 28.2%,71.6% and 61.2% of the cases,respectively.in either of cerebral infarction and hemorrhage the improvement of the function of lower extremities and ADL was observed significantly more frequently than that of upper extremities. Function of lower extremities was improved in significantly more cases of cerebral hemorrhage than cerebral infarction, while no difference was found in upper extremities and ADL.Patients with cerebral infarction having occlusion or marked stenosis showed much lower incidence of improvement of upper extremities than those without marked stenosis.in cases with lesions in all3vessels of internal carotid,anterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries the improvement was not always inferior to those with one or2vessel lesions. The visibility of the lenticulostriate arteries was not related to the outcome of rehabilitation. The patients who began rehabilitation within three months after the attack showed significantly better improvement than those who began rehabilitation later. From above findings it is concluded that CAG is a very useful indicator to predict the potentiality of the rehabilitation. Key words:cerebrovascular accident,cerebral angiography,rehabilitation,hemiplegia, prognosis Present address:the First Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School,1-1-5,Sendagi,Bunkyoku,Tokyo,113Japan

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5 (55) 55 表8脳 梗塞 と脳出血 の改善率 の比較 *上 肢 機 能 改 善 率 に比 べ 有 意(ρ<0 21例 中,改 善 が み られ た の は5例(23.8%)の み で あ った. み られ る よ うに,20例 を除 くと,表8に 中18例(90.0%)に み られ た.こ の うち1度 改 善8例,2度 改善が 改 善9例,3 で あ った. iii)adl:独 %)に 合 とが ある.前 者 が脳 梗塞 例 で あ る こ とは い うまで も な い. ii)下 肢 機 能:入 院時 独 歩 の1例 度改 善1例.001)の 差 を も って 高 い 力3例 した が っ て この両 者 は分 け て考 え る必 要 が あ る.ま ず 閉 塞 狭 窄(50%以 (1)血 を除 き,18例 中14例(77.8 お い て機 能 改 善 が 認 め られ た.し か もそ の うち 6例 が2度 以 上 の 改 善 を示 した. i)内 管 閉塞 狭 窄 を有 した 例 頚 動 脈(以 下ICAと つ い て の 比較: 表8に 示 す よ う に,下 肢 機 能 お よびADLの 改善度 は,上 肢機 能 の改 善 度 に比 べ,有 意 の 差 を も っ て優 れ 略 す):ICAの 閉塞 狭 窄 を有 した もの は9例 あ り,そ の うち5例 は 内頚 動 脈 基始 部 付 近 に,4例 iv)上 肢 機 能 下 肢機 能 ADLに 上)例 に つ い て検 討 し,そ のあ と後 者 につ い て述 べ る こ とにす る. った.写 真1にICA閉 は サ イ フ ォ ン部付 近 に病 変 が あ 塞 の1例 を示 す. これ らの 例 の上 肢 機能 に つ いて は 表9の こ と く,1 例 のみ 改善,下 肢 機 能 に つ い ては5例 は 不変,4例 て い た. (3)脳 梗 塞 と脳 出血 の 比較 脳 梗 塞 と脳 出血 に お け る上 肢 機 能,下 肢 機 能,ADL の 改善 率 を比 較 した成 績 を,表8の 機 能 お よ びADLに 右 端 に示 す.上 肢 つ い ては 差 が なか った が,下 肢 機 能 につ い て は有 意 の差 を もっ て脳 出 血 にお け る改善 率 が脳 梗 塞 よ り優 れ てい た. (4)く も膜 下 出 血 く も膜 下 出血 が2例 あ った.上 肢 機 能 は2例 用手 で あ った の が,1例 は改 善 され ず,1例 と も廃 は実 用手 ま で 回復 した.下 肢 機 能 につ い て は起 立 不 能1例 が 独 力 ま で改 善 され た が,不 完 全 歩 行1例 ADLに つ い ては初 め か ら独 力1例,他 は改 善 され ず, の1例 は 入 院 当 初 介助 を必 要 と した が,退 院 時 に は独 力 まで 回 復 し た. 3.脳 血 管障 害 部位 と改善 度 お か され た 脳 血 管 部位 と改 善 度 の 関係 につ い て検 討 を行 った.症 例 の 中に は,脳 血 管 の どれ か に 閉塞 な い し狭 窄 の ご とき著 明 な病 変 の あ る場 合 と,内 径 不 整 蛇 行 延 長 の ご とき病 変 が各 血 管 にわ た って 存在 す る場 写 真1内 頚 動 脈 基始 部 に完 全 閉 塞 が認 め られ る は

6 56 (56) 正面像 側面像 写真2前 表9内 表10前 頚動脈閉塞 狭窄例の改善度 1度 改 善 を示 し,ADLに 3例1度 大脳動脈基始部に完全閉塞が認 め られ る. 改善,1例2度 つ い ては8例 中4例 不変, 改 善 を示 した. 窄 例 を比 べ る と,上 肢 機 能,下 肢 機 能,ADL,い ずれ に つ い て も,狭 窄例 にお い て改 善 例 が 多か った. ii)前 大 脳動 脈(以 下ACAと 改 善,下 肢 機 能 に つ い て は1度 改 善2例,2度 例,3度 な お,閉 塞 例 に は表 中*印 を付 した が,閉 塞 例 と狭 略 す);ACAに 大脳動脈 閉塞 狭窄例 の改善度 改 善1 改 善1例 で あ った.こ の うち著 明改 善 を示 し た1例 は狭 窄 例 で あ って,入 院 時廃 用 手,起 立 不 能, 介 助 が補 助手,不 完 全 歩 行,独 力 ま で改 善 した もの で ある. 閉 閉塞 と狭 窄 の差 につ い て も,ICAに お け る と同様, 塞 狭 窄 を示 した もの は8例 で,基 始 部 閉 塞4例,分 狭 窄例 にお い て改 善 例 が 多 か った. 枝 部 閉塞 狭 窄4例 で あ った.写 真2に 基 始 部 閉塞 の iii)中 大 脳動 脈(以 下MCAと 略 す):7例,す べ て 閉 塞 を示 す もの の み で あ った.ま た,閉 塞 部 位 は全 1例 を示 す. 上 肢 機 能 に つ い ては 表10の ご と く,8例 中2例 が 例 基始 部 で あ った.写 真3に そ の1例 を示 す.

7 (57) 57 正 面像 側面像 写真3中 表11中 大脳動脈基始部 の完全閉塞 を認める. 大脳動脈閉塞例 の改善度 塞 と脳 出血 に分 け,各 動 脈 別 に改 善 度 の 比 較 を 行 っ た. ICAの 蛇 行 延 長 の み られ た の は34例,う 下 出血1例 を除 い て 比較 した と ころ,表12に うに,下 肢 機 能 とADLで ち くも膜 示 すよ 脳 出血 に お け る改 善率 が高 か った が,そ の差 は 有意 で なか った(各 項 の分 母 が異 表12蛇 上 肢 機 能 に つ い て は表11の ご と く改 善 例 な く,下 肢 機 能 に つ い て は初 め か ら独 力3例 善3例,2度 た.ADLは1度 (2)そ i)蛇 改 善1例 を除 く と,1度 改 で全 例 に多 少 の改 善 が み ら れ 改 善1例,2度 改 善1例 で あ った. の他 の 血 管 変 化 行 延 長 例:前 述 の よ うに,脳 梗 塞 で も蛇 行延 血 管 写 に 閉塞 狭 窄 を認 め ない の が 原 則 で あ る. 上 の狭 窄 をい ず れ か の動 脈 に見 出 され た例 を除 き,蛇 行 延 長 を示 した例 を脳 梗 め か ら実 用 手,独 歩,独 力 で あ った 例" を除 いた た め で あ る),な お,以 下,表2 7の 表 示 を避 け,表12の ACAお に,ICAに 長 の み を脳 血 管 写 に示 す 例 もあ り,一 方 脳 出 血 で は 脳 よ って 閉塞 な い し50%以 な る のは,"初 行延長例 の改善率 ご とき ご と く改善 率 の み を記載 す る. よびMCAに つ い て も,表12に 示す よう お け る ほ とん ど同様 の 関係 が み られ い ず れ も有 意差 は な か った. ii)内 径 不 整例 お よび蛇 行延 長 兼 内径 不 整 例:内 径 不 整 が み られ たの はICA8例,ACA5例,MCA 5例,ま た蛇 行 延 長 とと もに 内径 不 整 の み られ た の は それ ぞ れ7例,1例,2例 で あ り,い ずれ も例数 が少

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14 communicating artery has significant branches. Stroke , ) Brunnstrom, S.: Movement Therapy in Hemiplegia. p , Harper & Row, New York, ) Gresham, G. E., Fitzpatrick, T. E., Wolf, P.A., Mc-Namara, M., Kannel, W. B., P. and Dawber, T. R.: Residual disability in survivors of stroke. The Framingam study. N. Engl. J. Med., 293, , ` 26) Marquardsen, J.: The natural history of the cerebrovascular disease. A retrospective study of 769 patients. Acta Neurol. Scand., (Suppl. 38), 1-188, ) Murphy, J. P.: Cerebrovascular Disease. Year Book Publ., Chicago p.363, 29) Grinker, R. R., and Saks, A. L.: Neurology. p.718, C. C. Thomas Publ. Illinois, ) Baker, B. N., Schwartz, W. S., and Ramseyer, J. C.: Neurology, 18, 933 `941, ) Ford, A. B., and Katz, S.: Prognosis after stroke. 12) McKissock, W., Richardson, A., and Walsh, L.: Primary intracerebral haemorrhage. Results of surgical treatment in 244 consecutive cases. Lancet, 2, 683 `686, ) Bull, J. W. D., Marshall, J., and Shaw, D.A. Cerebral angiography in the diagnosis of the acute stroke. Lancet, 1, 562 `565, ) Tatelman, M.: The angiographic evaluation of Prognosis among survivors of ischemic stroke. Part I. A critical review. Medicine, 45, 223 `246, ) Shenkin, H. A., Haft, H., and Somach, F. M.: Prognostic significance of arteriography in nonhemorrhagic strokes. J. A., 194, A. M. 612 `616, Henly, W. S., Cooley, D. N., Gordon, B., 37) W. and DeBakey, M. Tortuosity the carotid E.: of internal artery. Report seven treated surgically. of cases Postgrad. Med., 133 `144, , Fisher, M.: Occlusion of 38) the carotid arteries. Further experiences. Neurol. Psychiat., Arch. 72, cerebral atherosclerosis. Radiology, 70, , Carmon, A., Lavy, Schwartz, Correlation 15) S., and A.: clinical and angiographic findings in of one hundred patients with "completed stroke". J. Neurol. Sci., 4, 111 `119, Lehrer, G.: Arteriographic demonstration of collateral 16) circulation in cerebrovascular Neu- disease. rology, 8, 27 `32, , 204, ) Lascelles, R. G. and Burrow, E. H.: Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Brain, 88, 85 `96, ) Alter, M., Kieffer, S., Reach, J., and Ansari, K.: Cerebral infarction. Clinical angiographic correlations. and Neurology, 22, 590 `602, ) Crowell, R. B., and Morawetz, R. B.: The anterior 41) Krayenbiihl, H. A., and Yasargil, M. G.: Cerebral

15 Angiography. p.58, Butterworths, London, ) Stern, P. H., McDowell, F., Miller, J. M., and Robinson, M.: Factors influencing stroke rehabilitation. Stroke, 2, 213 `218, ) Lowman, C. E. W.: Rehabilitation of the hemiplegic patient. J. A. M. A., 137, 431 `436, ) Carroll, D.: The disability in hemiplegia caused by cerebrovascular disease. Serial studies of 98 cases. J. Chronic. Dis., 15, , ) Buchanan, J. J.: Rapid mobilization of cerebrovascular accident patients. Arch. Phys. Med., 37, , `

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