Ann Jpn Prosthodont Soc 3 : 1-9, 2011 Effect of Self-adhesive Resin Cement on Bond Strength to Restorative Metal Materials Yayoi Yonezawa, DDS, PhD, J

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1 Ann Jpn Prosthodont Soc 3 : 1-9, 2011 Effect of Self-adhesive Resin Cement on Bond Strength to Restorative Metal Materials Yayoi Yonezawa, DDS, PhD, Jie Lin, BDS and Akiyoshi Shinya, DDS, PhD 1

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3 3 Product/ Lot NO./Manufacturer Code Main composition Application Self-adhesive resin cements Maxcem/ / Kerr (California, USA) Rely X Unicem/ / 3M ESPE (Minnesota, USA) Breeze/162835/ Pentron clinical (Connecticut, USA) Biscem/ / Bisco (Illinois, USA) Set/S / SDI (Victoria, Australia) Clearfil SA luting/ 0005AA/ Kuraray medical (Tokyo, Japan) Conventional resin cement Resicem/RE/0107/ Shofu (Kyoto, Japan) MA UN BR BI SE CL RE Bis-GMA UDMA TEGDMA GPDM, barium glass filler, fluoroaluminosilicate glass filler, fumed silica dimethacrylate, acetate, methacrylated phosphoric ester, glass powder, silica, calcium hydroxide Bis-GMA UDMA TEGDMA HEMA, 4-MET, silane treated barium glass, silica (amorphous), Ca-Al-F-silicate TEGDMA HEMA, phosphate, dental glass UDMA, phosphate, fluoroaluminosilicate glass, silica Bis-GMA TEGDMA MDP, barium glass, silica, sodium fluoride UDMA TEGDMA, fluoroaluminosilicate glass, 4-AET HEMA Mix cement through a dual-barrel syringe. Apply light-cure for 20 s from each side. Insert capsule into activator. Press down handle completely. Insert activated capsule into mixing device. Mix 10 s. Apply light-cure for 30 s from each side. Mix cement through a dual-barrel syringe. Apply light-cure for 20 s from each side. Mix cement through a dual-barrel syringe. Apply light-cure for 20 s from each side. Insert capsule into activator. Press down handle completely. Insert activated capsule into mixing device. Mix 15 s. Apply light-cure for 20 s from each side. Hand mixing for 10 s. Apply light-cure for 10 s from each side. Mix cement through a dual-barrel syringe. Apply light-cure for 20 s from each side. Bis-GMA: Bisphenol-A-diglycidyl methacrylate; GPDM: Glycerol dimethacrylate dihydrogen phosphate; HEMA: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate; MDP: 10-methacryloyloxy-decyl dihydrogenphosphate; MMA: Methyl methacrylate; TEGDMA: Triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate; UDMA: urethane dimethacrylate; 4-AET: 4-acryloxyethyltrimellitic acid; 4-MET: 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic acid. Materal Brand name Composition (wt ) Manufacturer Titanium T-Alloy Ti 99, others 1 GC Tokyo, Japan Nickel-chromium alloy Uni metal EZ Ni 61, Cr 25, Mn 11, others 3 Shofu, Kyoto, Japan Gold alloy type 3 Casting gold type 3 Au 74, Ag 10, Cu 10, others 6 Ishifuku metal industry, Tokyo, Japan Silver-palladium-copper-gold alloy Kinpara best 12 Au 12, Ag 46, Cu 19, Pd 20, others 3 Ishifuku metal industry, Tokyo, Japan Metal-ceramic gold alloy Jupiter H Au 75, Ag 2, Pd 12, Pt 7, others 4 Ishifuku metal industry, Tokyo, Japan

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5 5 Silver-palladium-coppergold alloy Titanium Nickel-chromium alloy Gold alloy type 3 Groups Metal-ceramic gold alloy Medians Means SD Medians Means SD Medians Means SD Medians Means SD Medians Means SD MA 9.3 A c AB b A a A a AB b UN 4.6 B ab AB ab B ac B c A b BR 15.7 C b C b E a C a D a BI 15.0 C b AC b AC a A a ABC a SE 6.0 AB b B a CD a B a C a CL 17.3 C b D c B a B a A a RE 5.6 AB bc AB c BD a B a BC ab Kruskal-Wallis test followed by pairwise comparison using the Wilcoxon test modified by Bonferroni (p>0.05). Within the same column, medians with the same upper case superscript letter are not statistically different. Within the same row, medians with the same lower case subscript letter are not statistically different. Wilcoxon rank sum Bonferroni p 0.05 Titanium Nickel-chromium alloy Gold alloy type 3 Silver-palladiumcopper-gold alloy Metal-ceramic gold alloy MA 3/3/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 UN 6/0/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 BR 2/4/0 1/5/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 BI 3/3/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 SE 6/0/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 CL 0/6/0 0/6/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 RE 6/0/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 6/0/0 The fractured interfaces on the samples were examined and classify into one of three categories. The number of each failure mode was recorded by the following form: Type I (interfacial failure) / Type II (cohesive failure in resin cement) / Type III (cohesive failure in adherend block). I /II /III

6 6 日補綴会誌 3 巻 1 号 2011 強度 counts A θ deg A 1250 強度 counts 1000 B 図3 Typical SEM microphotographs of titanium-cl and metal-ceramic gold alloy-ma (A) Cohesive failure of a MDP monomer containing resin cement (CL) luted to a titanium surface, remaining cement and fillers can be observed onto the alloy surface. (B) Pure adhesive failure of a MA specimen bonded to a metal-ceramic gold alloy surface. F: filler, R: resin cement, M: metal-ceramic gold alloy. チタン-CL と陶材焼付用金合金-MA の破断面 SEM 像 A チタン-CL では 接着材層の凝集破壊を示し 破壊面全体にセメントとフィラーの残留が観察され た B 陶材焼付用金合金 -MA では 界面破壊を示した F フィラー R レジンセメント M 陶材焼付用 金合金 る 25, 26 4-META MDP などの接着性モノマーと非 貴金属の接着機構は水素結合が重要な役割を果たしてい ると考えられる 従来型のレジンセメント RE は 接着 性モノマー 4-AET の含有濃度が低いため BR BI CL より低い接着強さ 6.6 ± 2.1 MPa を示した 現 状で最も高い接着性能が得られるシステムは Taira ら 24 が報告した 非貴金属用接着プライマーと 4-META 接 着性レジンを組み合わせたものである しかし サンド ブラストなどの機械的嵌合力を付与していない場合は 熱サイクルによる耐久性試験を行うと かなりの接着強 さの低下が認められた 補綴 原著t.再.indd 図 θ deg B X-ray diffraction patterns of the titanium (A) and metal-ceramic gold alloy (B) tested チタン A と陶材焼付用金合金 B のエックス線 回折結果 2 貴金属 接着ブリッジ用の合金はかつてニッケルクロム合金や コバルトクロム合金などの非貴金属が機械的強さや接着 強さの大きい利点から使用されてきたが より鋳造精度 に優れ 操作性の良い貴金属として金合金タイプ IV 金銀パラジウム合金を使用することが勧められる 5 本実験の結果では 3 種類の貴金属に対して セルフ アドヒーシブレジンセメントに添加した接着性モノマー MDP 4-META など にはさほど寄与せず ほかの 被着体より低い値を示した 貴金属 非貴金属両用の接 着材として それぞれ専用の接着性モノマーを併用する 方法が考えられるが セルフアドヒーシブレジンセメン トの製品では 各種接着性モノマーの共存安定性 濃度 のバランス セメントの重合性能 強度などを考慮しな ければならない 現在市販されているセルフアドヒーシ ブレジンセメントには 貴金属接着性モノマーを含んで いない その原因は 金属接着性モノマーのなかには 接着材中に添加すると還元剤と反応して硬化しなくなっ たり 逆に保存中に重合開始や連鎖移動反応を起こすな :54:21 AM

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9 9 Effect of Self-adhesive Resin Cement on Bond Strength to Restorative Metal Materials Yayoi Yonezawa, DDS, PhD, Jie Lin, BDS and Akiyoshi Shinya, DDS, PhD Department of Crown and Bridge, School of Life Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University Ann Jpn Prosthodont Soc 3 : 1-9, 2011 ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of six self-adhesive resin cements to five restorative metal materials. Methods: Five restorative metal materials blocks were obtained by casting and polishing with #600 silicon carbide papers: (1) Titanium, (2) Nickel-chromium alloy, (3) Gold alloy type 3, (4) Silver-palladium-copper-gold alloy, (5) Metal-ceramic gold alloy. The following six self-adhesive resin cements: Maxcem (MA), Unicem (UN), Breeze (BR), Biscem (BI), Set (SE), Clearfil SA luting (CL) and and one conventional resin cement: Resicem (RE) were used to bond to five restorative metal materials in this study. Prior to testing specimens were stored in distilled water (37 ) for 24 h. The bond strength tests were performed in a universal testing machine (cross-head speed: 0.5 mm/min). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test for multiple pairwise comparisons. Failure modes were recorded and the interfacial morphologys of debonded specimens were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: The mean values of shear bond strength were MPa for gold alloy type 3, MPa for silverpalladium-copper-gold alloy, MPa for metal-ceramic gold alloy, MPa for titanium, MPa for nickel-chromium alloy. Conclusion: It can be concluded that self-adhesive resin cement is not suitable to bond noble metal without surface treatment. The shear bond strengths of BR, BI, CL to non-precious metals were significantly higher than other resin cements. Key words self-adhesive resin cement, bond strength, restorative metal material

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