Graduate school of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Graduate school of Medical Engineering, Tohoku

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1 Graduate school of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan Graduate school of Medical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan (neural plasticity), (learned nonuse), (phantom limb), (body ownership), (rehabilitation). JL 0003/17/ C 2017 SICE 1. () (use-dependent plasticity) 2. 1), 2) (Complex Regional Pain Syndrome; CRPS) 1), 3) CRPS (hypokinetic) (bradykinetic) (hypometoric) (motor neglect) (neglect-like symptoms) CRPS CI (constraint-induced movement therapy) Edward Taub 3 1) (motivation hypothesis)

2 (interlimb inhibitory hypothesis) (Learned nonuse hypothesis) ( 1 ) 3 3 Taub (SI) SI (somatotopy) SI 2), 5), 6) SI

3 2 2), 6) ( 2 ) 4. ( 2 ) 4.1 (Phantom limb) 90 98% 2 25%2 4 25%4 6 61%6 8 75%8 100% 7) (telescoping) 8) Simoes MRI (Diffusion Tensor Imaging: DTI) 9) DTI FA (fractional anisotropy )

4 10) 10) () (sense of agency: SoA) (sense of ownership: SoO) 11) 12) 13) (Rubber Hand Illusion: RHI) RHI 14) RHI () Botvinick (1998) 15)

5 (SoA) ( 3 4 ) (head-mounted display: HMD) HMD ( 3 ) ( 4 )HMD RHI 3 4 Rubber Hand illusion (RHI) [] (2016) 6. JSPS ( ) E. Taub, G. Uswatte, V.W. Mark, and D.M. Morris: The learned nonuse phenomenon: implications for rehabilitation, Eura Medicophys, 42 3, 241/256 (2006) 2 Y. Oouchida, T. Sudo, T. Inamura, N. Tanaka, Y. Ohki, and S. Izumi: Maladaptive change of body representation in the brain after damage to central or peripheral nervous system, Neurosci Res., 104, 38/43 (2016) 3 T.D. Punt, L. Cooper, M. Hey, and M.I. Johnson: Neglect-like symptoms in complex regional pain syndrome: learned nonuse by another name?, Pain, 154 2, 200/203 (2013)

6 4 54/57 (2016) 5 H.C. Dijkerman and E.H. de Haan: Somatosensory processes subserving perception and action, Behav Brain Sci., 30 2, 189/201, discussion 201/239 (2007) 6 M.B. Calford: Dynamic representational plasticity in sensory cortex, Neuroscience, 111 4, 709/738 (2002) 7 M.L. Simmel: Phantom experiences following amputation in childhood, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 25, 69/78 (1962) 8 V.S. Ramachandran and W. Hirstein: The perception of phantom limbs, The D. O. Hebb lecture, Brain, 121 (Pt9), 1603/1630 (1998) 9 E.L. Simoes, I. Bramati, E. Rodrigues, A. Franzoi, J. Moll, R. Lent, and F. Tovar-Moll: Functional expansion of sensorimotor representation and structural reorganization of callosal connections in lower limb amputees, JNeurosci, 32 9, 3211/3220 (2012) 10 E. Raffin, J. Mattout, K.T. Reilly, and P. Giraux: Disentangling motor execution from motor imagery with the phantom limb, Brain, 135(Pt 2), 582/595 (2012) 11 I.I. Gallagher: Philosophical conceptions of the self: implications for cognitive science, Trends Cogn Sci., 4 1, 14/21 (2000) 12 M. Jeannerod: The mechanism of self-recognition in humans, Behav Brain Res., , 1-15 (2003) 13 N. Bolognini, C. Russo, and G. Vallar: Crossmodal illusions in neurorehabilitation. Front Behav Neurosci, 9, 212 (2015) 14 O. Christ and M. Reiner: Perspectives and possible applications of the rubber hand and virtual hand illusion in noninvasive rehabilitation: technological improvements and their consequences, Neurosci Biobehav Rev., 44, 33/44 (2014) 15 M. Botvinick and J. Cohen: Rubber hands feel touch that eyes see, Nature, 391(6669), 756 (1998) 2006 () ATR () Society for Neuroscience 1983 () ()

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