DNS & mail InternetWeek /12/15 econ.kyoto-u.ac..ac.jp

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1 DNS & mail InternetWeek /12/15 econ.kyoto-u.ac..ac.jp

2 DNS SPAM

3 1.

4 MUA (Mail User Agent) MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) DNS (Domain Name System) SMTP DNS MUA MTA SMTP MTA MUA MB POP/IMAP/... mailbox

5 MUA (Mail User Agent) / UNIX ucbmail,, RMAIL, mush, MH (mh-e( mh-e), mew,... Windows OutLook,, Netscape Mail, Eudora,...

6 MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) Store and Forward

7 MTA Programs sendmail sendmail.org/ qmail qmail.org/ SMAIL (GNU) MMDF (Multi-channel Memo Distribution, CSNET) exim VMail LSMTP PP (X.400) exim.org/ wzv.win..win.tue.nl/vmail/ lsoft.com/lsmtp.html

8 SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol RFC821(S) TCP 25 MTA SMTP DNS

9 SMTP 220 r.domain SMTP Server ready (( ) HELO s.domain ( ) 250 r.domain Hello s.domain MAIL FROM:<sender@s.domain> ( ) 250 sender ok RCPT TO:<recipient@r.domain> ( ) 250 recipient ok DATA 354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself. ( ) 250 Message accepted for delivery QUIT 221 r.domain closing connection

10 IP host /etc/hosts NIS (YP) DNS (Domain Name System)

11 DNS (Domain Name System) IP IP IP IP MX

12 MTA ( )

13 wide.ad.jp %-Hack Route Address UUCP addressing

14 %-Hack RFC1123(S) user % relay sender relay host relay host user % host % relay1 sender relay1 relay2 host

15 Route Address host sender relay host relay host host sender relay1 relay2 host

16 UUCP addressing host! user relay! host! user host! domain host! domain» sender domain host host! domain» sender host domain (Internet ) (UUCP )

17 Full Name (Full Name) user(user Name) ( )

18 Fully Qualified Domain Name / Fully Qualified Mail Address user@mailhost mailhost.wide.ad..wide.ad.jp user@mailhost Not Qualified Mail Address user Generic Address user@wide.ad.jp

19 (header) header) (body) RFC822(S): Standard for the format of arpa internet text messages From: nic.ad..ad.jp Subject: InternetWeek 98 ( ) InternetWeek 98

20 (Sender) 1» (Recipient) 1

21 (cont.) (envelope) / /» RFC821(S): Simple Mail Transfer Protocol UUCP rmail

22 (cont d) (header) / / /»»

23 MUA MUA MTA

24 ( ) Errors-To:» ( )» From:, Reply-To:» (To:, Cc:)

25 MUA UNIX POP IMAP

26 3 1) ( ) 2) ( ) 3) ( ) MTA DNS MTA MB DNS

27 1) Internet SMTP DNS DNS UUCP (JUNET ) ( ) mailconf» sendmail.cf cf

28 DNS A (Address) RR (Resource Record) IP MX (Mail exchanger) ) RR CNAME (Canonical NAME) RR

29 nslookup A (1) % nslookup sh.wide.ad..wide.ad.jp. Server: localhost Address: Name: sh.wide.ad..wide.ad.jp Address:

30 IP mail.x.co.jp IN A IN A ( ) DNS (?)

31 nslookup A (2) % nslookup jp-gate.wide.ad..wide.ad.jp Server: localhost Address: Name: jp-gate.wide.ad..wide.ad.jp. Addresses: , , ,

32 Generic MX (Mail exchanger) ) RR user@x.co.jp MX A IP

33 nslookup MX % nslookup -q=mx wide.ad.jp jp. Server: localhost Address: wide.ad.jp preference = 10, mail exchanger = sh.wide.ad..wide.ad.jp : sh.wide.ad..wide.ad.jp internet address = (additional information) MX A MX MX

34 (MX MX) x.co.jp preference=10 10, mx=mail1.x.co. =mail1.x.co.jp preference=50 50, mx=mail2.x.co. =mail2.x.co.jp ( ) mail2 mail1 mail1 mail2 mail2 sender mail1

35 Lower MX ( ) MX RR» sendmail -bt $= $=w»» qmail IP IP MX RR RR Lower MX

36 x.co.jp preference=10, mx=mail1.x.co. =mail1.x.co.jp. Preference=10, mx=mail2.x.co. =mail2.x.co.jp.»

37 2) ( ) =

38 Sendmail (CF) ACCEPT_ADDRS qmail /var/qmail/control/locals

39 MX ( )

40 3) DNS MX RR MX MTA DNS

41 DNS /etc/ etc/resolv.conf

42 /etc/ etc/resolv.conf nameserver (localhost( ) nameserver nameserver (MAXNS in resolv.h)» (75s) domain sub.x.co.jp search sub1.x.co.jp sub2.x.co.jp x.co.jp

43 Solaris /etc/nsswitch nsswitch.confconf DEC» hosts: files dns /etc/svc svc.confconf ServiceSwitchFile (sendmail.cf) : /etc/service.switch/ hosts dns files nis

44 DNS MX MX MTA sendmail.mx mx» libresolv.a MX sendmail.cf» MX_SENDMAIL=yes (CF)» ( Wildcard MX )

45 sendmail.cf mailconf CF» STATIC_ROUTE_FILE

46 sendmail -bv sendmail -bt /parse MX sendmail -bt /mx sendmail -v

47 DNS resolv.conf DNS (MX)» ( )

48 DNS Wildcard MX CIDR

49 DNS (Domain Name System) IP /etc/hosts

50 ( ) ( root ( ) ) jp uk com org ac ad co or kyoto-u wide nic janog ad.jp domain jp domain

51 Delegation( ) TOP domain, 2nd(3rd)-level domain NIC ( ) root root

52 1 / 1

53 root zone jp zone jp delegation ( ) net net zone co.jp zone co ad ad.jp zone NS x.co.jp zone x wide.ad.jp zone wide nic nic.ad.jp zone sub1 sub2 kyoto tokyo v6 v6.wide.ad.jp zone

54 () / () (Primary) / (Secondary) Authorized / Unauthorized /

55 ( ) (cont.) ( ) ( )

56 ( ) (cont d) A B

57 Authorized Server ( ) Unauthorized Server ( )

58 ( ) ad Unauthorized ns3 ns1 ns2 (resolv.conf) ( ) Authorized Servers wide.ad.jp

59 Unauthoritative Answer ( )

60 root zone (root server) 3 jp zone 4 jp (ns.nic.ad.jp) 2 root cache root server root server (m.root-servers.net) jp zone Unauthorized Secondary 5 ad wide ad.jp zone (ns.nic.ad.jp) wide.ad.jp zone (ns.wide.ad.jp)

61 DNS Servers Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) Server bind bind Windows NT (?)

62 /etc/named.boot (bind 4) /etc/named.conf (bind 8) named-bootconf.pl named.boot named.conf bind 8 BIND ;

63 sample of named.boot (bind 4) ; directory /etc/namedb ; ( ) cache. root.cache ; localhost primary localhost localhost primary in-addr.arpa 127.rev ; primary wide.ad.jp wide primary in-addr.arpa rev ; secondary v6.wide.ad.jp sec/v6

64 sample of named.conf (bind 8) options { directory "/etc/namedb"; }; zone "." { type hint; file "root.cache"; }; zone "localhost" { type master; file "localhost"; }; zone " in-addr.arpa" { type master; file 127.rev"; }; zone "wide.ad.jp" { type master; file "wide"; }; zone " in-addr.arpa" { type master; file rev"; }; zone "v6.wide.ad.jp jp" " { type slave; file "sec/v6"; masters { ; }; };

65 root cache ftp://ftp.rs.internic.net/domain/named.root 13 (1997/8) m.root-servers.net Firewall root server Forwarders

66 sample of root.cache ; formerly NS.INTERNIC.NET IN NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET A ; ; formerly NS1.ISI.EDU NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET A : : ; housed in Japan, operated by WIDE NS M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET A

67 forwarders socks firewall slave forwarders ( ) slave (options forward-only or later)

68 sample of localhost ; $ORIGIN IN SOA ns.wide.ad.jp. postmaster.wide.ad.jp. ( 1 ; Serial number ; Refresh every 2 days 3600 ; Retry every hour ; Expire every 20 days ); Minimum 2 days ; IN NS localhost. ; IN A

69 sample of 127.rev ; $ORIGIN IN SOA ns.wide.ad.jp. postmaster.wide.ad.jp. ( 1 ; Serial number ; Refresh every 2 days 3600 ; Retry every hour ; Expire every 20 days ); Minimum 2 days ; IN NS localhost. ; 0 IN PTR loopback-net. ; IN A ; 1 IN PTR localhost.

70 sample of wide (cont.) ; $ORIGIN IN SOA ns.wide.ad.jp. two.wide.ad.jp. ( ; Serial 3600 ; Refresh 900 ; Retry ; Expire 3600 ; Minimum ) IN NS ns IN NS ns.tokyo IN MX 10 sh.wide.ad.jp. IN MX 20 jp-gate.wide.ad.jp. ns IN A ns.tokyo IN A

71 sample of wide (cont d) sh IN A jp-gate IN A IN A www IN CNAME endo endo IN A IN MX 10 endo localhost IN CNAME localhost. v6 IN NS ns1.v6 IN NS ns2.v6 ns1.v6 IN A ns2.v6 IN A

72 sample of (cont.) ; $ORIGIN IN SOA ns.wide.ad.jp. two.wide.ad.jp. ( ; Serial 3600 ; Refresh 900 ; Retry ; Expire 3600 ; Minimum ) IN NS ns.wide.ad.jp. IN NS ns.tokyo.wide.ad.jp. 61 IN PTR ns.wide.ad.jp. 63 IN PTR ns.tokyo.wide.ad.jp. 188 IN PTR ns2.v6.wide.ad.jp.

73 key [ttl] IN r-id value1 value2... < > < > ttl (Time To Live) - IN (class-id) - Internet Domain r-id (resource-id) (SOA, NS, A, MX,...) value (r-id )

74 key key $ORIGIN <domain> named.{boot,conf} $INCLUDE <filename> [<domain>] FQDN.

75 SOA (Start Of Authority) IN SOA <Pri-NS> < > ( 1 ; Serial ; Refresh (2d) 3600 ; Retry ; Expire (20d) ; Minimum TTL (2d) motonori.wide.ad.jp

76 SOA (cont.) Serial Sec-NS Refresh () Sec-NSSerial Retry () Refresh

77 SOA (cont d) Expire () nslookup... *** ns.provider.ad.jp can't find x.co.jp.: Server failed Minimum TTL (time to live) () ( NS )

78 Serial Secondary Primary Serial 32. (?) 1.01 = ("." "000" ) ( ):RFC1912(I) (7fffffff)2

79 named SIGHUP # ndc reload bind8 BIND_NOTIFY Secondary (Serial ) Secondary bind8

80 Secondary FORCED_RELOAD SIGHUP named named-xfer # mv mydomain.zone mydomain.zone.bak # ndc restart

81 NS (Name Server) RR Pri-NS Sec-NS Authorized Server Unauthorized Server NS A RR glue record ( zone ) $ORIGIN ad.jp. wide IN NS ns.wide.ad.jp. ; ad.jp.zone delegation ns.wide IN A ; glue record

82 lame ( ) NS Authorized Unauthoritative answer Delegation Primary/Secondary NS Authorized NS

83 A (Address) RR A RR IP $ORIGIN wide.ad.jp. sh IN A

84 (A-Z, a-z) (0-9) (-) ( _ ) RFC1035(S), RFC1123(S) (4.9.4 )bindresolver _ (res_hnok)

85 MX (Mail exchanger) RR MX RR $ORIGIN IN MX 10 sh.wide.ad.jp.. MX A ( ) A 1st-MX

86 MX DNS MX RR Primary MX / Primary Mail Server First MX / First Mail Server Secondary MX / Secondary Mail Server Lower MX ( )

87 MX RR CNAME MX RR CNAME Lower MX MX RR named

88 MX (cont.) *.x.co.jp. IN MX 10 mail.x.co.jp. Firewall ( ) : : root Wildcard MX GW nohost.x.co.jp host.nosubdom.x.co.jp

89 MX (cont d) specific ns.x.co.jp. IN A *.x.co.jp. ns.x.co.jp. IN MX 10 mail.x.co.jp. IN MX 10 mail.x.co.jp. ( )

90 Wildcard MX sendmail.cf ResolverOptions HasWildcardMX MX RR.

91 CNAME (Canonical NAME) RR $ORIGIN wide.ad.jp. archie IN CNAME sun3.tokyo.wide.ad.jp.. CNAME key key CNAME NS, MX CNAME

92 CNAME CNAME RR CNAME RR alias1 alias2 RFC1034(S) IN CNAME alias2 IN CNAME real-name (should not) (should) sendmail 10 (MAXCNAMEDEPTH) named 8 (MAXCNAMES)

93 CNAME (RFC1123(S)) ( )sendmail sendmail.cf MX A IETFCNAME DontExpandCnames (8.7 )

94 DNS (cont.) 1. CNAME CNAME ( ) 2. MX preference preference MX A Additional Information (DNS )

95 DNS 3. A (cont d) MX MX (Additional Info.A) A 2 (MX A) MX

96 MX A Secondary MX IP A ( ) / DNS DNS

97 (cont.) MX RR A RR MX /etc/resolv.conf domain sub.x.co.jp search sub.x.co.jp x.co.jp co.jp 3 (MAXDFLSRCH) 2 (LOCALDOMAINPARTS) JP domain RFC1535(I) bindresolver

98 (cont d) search sub1.x.co.jp sub2.x.co.jp x.co.jp LOCALDOMAIN 6 (MAXDNSRCH) nic.ad.jp nic.ad.jp.sub.x.co.jp nic.ad.jp.x.co.jp nic.ad.jp.co.jp RFC1535(I) nic.ad.jp

99 PTR (domain name PoinTeR) RR IP $ORIGIN in-addr.arpa. 73 IN PTR sh.wide.ad.jp. PTR

100 nslookup IP % nslookup -q=ptr in-addr.arpa. (4.8.3 ) nslookup % nslookup

101 RFC1101(?): DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types netstat -i, -r in-addr.arpa. kuins.kyoto-u.ac.jp. IN PTR kuins.kyoto-u.ac.jp. IN A IN PTR in-addr.arpa in-addr.arpa. IN PTR BASE-ADDRESS.MCAST.NET.

102 HINFO, TXT, WKS HINFO 2! NULL, MB, MG, MR, MINFO (experimental) RFC1035(S) AFSDB, ISDN, RP, RT, X25 PX RFC1183(E) RFC1664(E)

103 localhost/127.in-addr.arpa zone root server $ORIGIN localhost my.domain.jp. IN CNAME localhost localhost.my.domain.jp

104 CIDR class less /25 - A /26 - B (8 ) CNAME RFC2317(BCP) Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation NS

105 Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation (cont.) $ORIGIN in-addr.arpa. ; <<0-127>> /25 0/25 NS ns.a.domain.jp. 1 IN CNAME 1.0/ in-addr.arpa. 2 IN CNAME 2.0/ in-addr.arpa. : 126 IN CNAME 126.0/ in-addr.arpa.

106 Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation (cont d) $ORIGIN IN SOA... IN NS ns.a.domain.jp. 1 IN PTR host1.a.domain.jp. 2 IN PTR host2.a.domain.jp. : 126 IN PTR host126.a.domain.jp.

107 Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation (cont d) in-addr.arpa. CNAME 1.0/ in-addr.arpa. PTR host1.a.domain.jp.

108 glue? bind4.8.3? server A: primary of x.co.jp server B: primary of sub.x.co.jp x.co.jp NS (server C) server C glue server A server B zone transfer A B

109 (cont.) bad referral NS SOA NS points to a CNAME MX points to a CNAME dangling CNAME pointer CNAME Lame server on 'x.co.jp' Authorized Unauthoritative answer

110 (cont d) Response from unexpected source?? zone "xxx" (class 1) SOA serial# (nn) is < ours (mm) SOA serial! RFC1912(I): Common DNS Operational and Configuration Errors

111 DNS Dynamic Update Incremental Zone Transfer (IXFR) Security Extention SIG RR, NXT RR

112

113 Contents NULL PPP Firewall

114 (root ) user@mail.x.co.jp

115 ACCEPT_ADDRS='x.co.jp' (!) FROM_ADDRESS='x.co.jp' root, daemon, postmaster,... ACCEPT_ADDRS='sub1.co.jp sub2.x.co.jp'

116 NULL Client MS NULL NULL CF_TYPE=R8V7-null SPOOL_HOST=mail.x.co.jp [] (lower MX A RR ) [IP ]

117 PPP IP DNS POP (popclient )

118 PPP DIRECT_DELIVER_DOMAINS=none DEFAULT_RELAY=mail.provider.ne.jp FROM_ADDRESS=po.provider.ne.jp CON_EXP=True SMTP_MAILER_FLAG_ADD=e mqueue sendmail -q sendmail-bd ( )

119 PPP userdb, usertable check_compat O DialDelay=15s

120 (cont.) 1st-MX 2nd-MX 1st-MX 1st-MX aliases ACCEPT_ADDRS= SECONDARY_*= 1st-MX

121 (cont d) aliases NIS rdist newaliases aliases aliases R8 sendmail aliases OA/etc/aliases, nis: mail.aliases ML

122 Firewall (cont.) Wildcard MX $ORIGIN x.co.jp. * IN MX 10 ext-mail.x.co.jp. Wildcard MX GW

123 Firewall (cont d) proxy DNS root forwarders socks

124 Firewall (1) 1 a. zone split-brain DNS b.

125 1 a b Internet Internet NS split-brain DNS ( zone) NS ( )

126 Firewall (2) 2 DNS DNS a b

127 2 a NS NS Internet b Internet NS NS

128 DIRECT_DELIVER_DOMAINS=x.co.jp DEFAULT_RELAY=external.x.co.jp

129 STATIC_ROUTE_FILE=x.static x.static : GW [ ] # (internal.x.co.jp) DOM x.co.jp

130 (1) NS, MS 1... a. NS first MX inner-host IN MX 10 inner-host IN MX 20 gw 1st-MX b. GW A RR inner-host IN A IN MX 10 gw

131 1 (2) c. inner.domain.jp inner.domain.jp.local sendmail.cf STATIC_ROUTE_FILE MAP (CF) d. 1 / IP named named listen-on, query-source, transfer-source (bind8.1.2) sendmail sendmail O DaemonPortOptions=Address= virtual host

132 1 (3) a, b bind8 allow-query

133 1 (4) b A RR 1st-MX TRY_NULL_MX_LIST=True (CF) O TryNullMXList=True (sendmail.cf) local configuration error

134 GW DIRECT_DELIVER_DOMAINS=none DEFAULT_RELAY=internal.x.co.jp DIRECT_DELIVER_DOMAINS=x.co.jp DEFAULT_RELAY=internal.x.co.jp qmail control/smtproutes

135 (cont.) 1 a) USERTABLE_MAPS='domain1=hash:/etc/map1 domain2=hash:/etc/map2' b) (1) 1 IP sendmail O DaemonPortOptions=Address= chroot

136 (cont d) c) (2) sendmail.cf local mailer /etc/passwd POP

137 (MX)

138 (?) sendmail SMTP UUCP ML

139 FallBackMX DNS MX mqueue

140 MaxMessageSize ESMTP MAIL FROM M=

141 SPAM sendmail.cf CT root news postmaster MAILER-DAEMON uucp cron S0 : R $* $: $1 $ $>3 $&f R motonori $ <@> $: trash <> R motonori $ $=T<@$*> $: trash T R $* $ $* $: $1 :

142 SMTP UUCP (3.1Wpatch Wpatch) S0 : R $*<@x.co.jp>$* ( ) : $# smtp $@ x.co.jp $: $1<@x.co.jp>$2 $# uucp $@ uucp-x $: $1<@x.co.jp>$2

143 (3.1Wpatch Wpatch) ML SMTP local %= Mlocal, %=0 Msmtp, %=10 (local mailer )

144 ML CF localdeliver Samples/virt-domain+.def

145 sendmail (1) EightBitMode=pass8 MIME 8bit SendMimeErrors RFC DSN (Delivery Status Notification) ConnectionCacheSize SMTP run queue

146 sendmail (2) PostMasterCopy postmaster DoubleBounceAddress

147 sendmail (3) MeToo alias PrivacyOption SMTPEXPN, VRFY QueueSortOrder mqueue time ( )

148 sendmail (4) MinQueueAge mqueue -qi ConnectionRateThrottle DoS

149 sendmail (5) DontBlameSendmail DontProbeInterface

150 sendmail (6) Timeout.queuereturn.* Timeout.queuewarn.*

151 SPAM

152 SPAM

153 MX

154 (1) (Mail Bombing) (Spam) Unsolicited Commercial (UCE) ( ) Third-Party Mail Relay ŁCPU Ł

155 (2) SPAM Dos POP IMAP expire

156 SMTP MUA MTA MTA or MUA

157 SPAM 1 Ł CPU CPU SPAM SPAM Ł

158 SMTP / IP DNS

159 * (header) header) / (envelope) envelope) / UNIX From Return-Path:

160 (?)

161 SMTP HELO mx1.s.domain 250 post.r.domain Hello mx1.s.domain MAIL 250 sender ok RCPT 250 recipient ok DATA 354 Enter mail, end with "." on a line by itself From: announce@s.domain To: Subject: Newsletter ( ) [ ]. 250 Message accepted for delivery

162 SMTP SMTP SMTP HELO/EHLO MAIL FROM: < < > RCPT TO: < < > DATA ( ( SMTP Ł SMTP SMTP

163 From:? From:? From:?

164 FROM FROM ML OK

165 FROM TO OK FROM TO OK? ( ML) FROM TO OK? ( FROM TO OK? ) FROM TO NG? (ISP ) FROM TO NG ( ) FROM TO OK FROM TO OK! OK ( ML, NG )

166 f (h, s, r) = OK, NG h - SMTP s - SMTP r - SMTP

167 From ISP ISP From From ISP ISP From From ML ML

168 To MX MX jp/~motonori/mtachecker.html

169 sendmail qmail

170 sendmail sendmail 8.8/8.9 sendmail.cf sendmail m4 CF-3.6W sendmail 8.9 sendmail.cf (m4, CF-3.7W) sendmail.cf ucf-3.7w

171 sendmail 8.8 check_relay check_mail check_rcpt check_compat

172 sendmail 8.9 DNS MX MX...

173 check_rcpt ${client_addr client_addr} IP OK ${client_addr client_addr} OK OK NG SMTP

174 CF (cont.) LOCAL_HOST_ f (src_host( src_host,, ) ) = OK/NG CLIENT_ f (src_host( src_host, from_domain, ) ) = OK/NG ROAM_ f (src_host( src_host, from_user, ) ) = OK/NG

175 CF (cont d) ALLOW_RELAY_FROM f (*, from_domain, ) ) = OK/NG from_domain ALLOW_RELAY_TO f ((, to_domain) ) = OK/NG lower MX

176 (3.1W ) Sendmail IP CIDR W C{Network} /27 C{Network} _MASKED_ADDRESS_MATCH_ maskedaddr map

177 qmail (cont.) /var/qmail/control/rcphostsrcphosts Lower MX

178 qmail (cont d) qmail-smtpd RELAYCLIENT tcp_wrapper tcpserver (ucspi-tcp) tcpserver IDENT tcprules

179 WWW vix.com/.com/tsi/ar-test.html jp/~motonori/mtachecker.html

180 POP 1) POP 2) 3) SMTP 4) 5) sendmail makemap DB DB sendmail

181 SPAM Hormel Foods Corporation (Mail Bombing) (Spam) Unsolicited Commercial (UCE) Unsolicited Bulk (UBE)!

182 SPAM NetNews Web SPAM nospam SPAM

183 SPAM

184 SPAM DNS SPAM

185 ( ) MAPS RBL

186 SPAM (?) ML ML MTA

187 SPAM MAPS RBL ORBS DUL

188 MAPS RBL Mail Abuse Protection System Realtime Blackhole List vix.com/.com/rbl/ DNS rbl.maps..maps.vix.com A IP DNS rbl rbl.maps..maps.vix.com BGP

189 ORBS Open Relay Blocking System dorkslayers.com/orbs/ MAPS RBL orbs. orbs.dorkslayers.com A

190 DUL ORCA Dial-up User List orac.bc.ca/.bc.ca/dul/ MAPS RBL dul dul.orac.bc.ca A

191 spammer sendmail (CF) SPAM_LIST* qmail control/badmailfrom

192 + (FQDN DNS

193 (sendmail 8.9 ) Kcheckaddress regex -a@match ^([0-9]+<@(aol aol msn).com [0-9][^<]* <@juno juno.com.{10}[^<]+<@.com.{10}[^<]+<@aol aol.com).?> R $+ $: $(checkaddress $1 $) R@MATCH $#error $: "553 Header error"

194 (8.9 ) HTo:$> :$>CheckTo SCheckTo Rfriend@$* $#error$:"553headererror" HMessage-Id:$> :$>CheckMessageId SCheckMessageId R<$+@$+>$@OK R$* $#error$:"553headererror" SpamCan ~timb/spamcan/

195 (RFC2142 Mailbox Names for Common Services, Roles and Functions) Network Abuse Clearinghouse (

196 SPAM <> Mailer_daemon... procmail

197 MTA MTA

Contents CIDR IPv6 Wildcard MX DNS

9. DNS Contents CIDR IPv6 Wildcard MX DNS DNS (Domain Name System) IP ( ) ( root ( ) ) jp uk com org ac ad co or kyoto-u wide nic janog ad.jp domain jp domain Delegation( ) TOP domain, 2nd(3rd)-level domain