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1 2 Directorate-General for Climate Action DG CLIMA DG Environment EU EU EU ETS EU Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development DG AGRI EU CAP EU

2 Joint Research Center DG Climate ADAPT EUAdaptation 2018 Strategy LIFE Programme Rural Development Fund LIFE Covenant of Mayors 100 Climate ADAPT

2.4-121985- 2014 EEAClimate Change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016

3 EEAClimate Change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe

2.4-13 1985-2014 EEAClimate Change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016

eu/publications/climate-change-impacts-and-vulnerability-2016 2.

4 EEAClimate Change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe EEAClimate Change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe

2.4-152030 EEAClimate Change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016

5 EEAClimate Change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe

6 EEAClimate Change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe

7 A B Adaptation policy-making process Step 1: Preparing the ground for adaptation Adaptation strategies Policy framework A1 A2 A national adaptation strategy has been adopted and/or Number and scope (% of population or territory covered) of adaptation strategies adopted at relevant subnational levels, in line with national multilevel governance arrangements B1 A national adaptation action plan has been adopted and/or Adaptation action plans B2 Number and scope of adaptation action plans adopted at local or relevant subnational levels, and/or B3 Adaptation action plans adopted at sectoral level, or embedded in sectoral strategies Scoreboard Main areas of performance Key domains of relevance N Definition N Definition A central administration body A central administration body officially in charge of adaptation 1a is in charge of adaptation policy making policy making and vertical Horizontal (i.e. sectoral) coordination mechanisms exist within 1b 1 and horizontal coordination the governance system, with division of responsibilities arrangements are in place Vertical (i.e. across levels of administration) coordination with other governmental 1c mechanisms exist within the governance system bodies Step 2: Assessing risks and vulnerabilities to climate change Step 3: Identifying Stakeholders (e.g. interest groups, scientists and general public) are involved in the preparation of adaptation policies Systems are in place to monitor and assess current and projected climate change, impacts and vulnerability Knowledge gaps on climate change and climate change adaptation are tackled Knowledge transfer processes are in place to build adaptive capacity across sectors For priority sectors, a range of adaptation options is 2a 2b 3a 3b 3c 3d 4a 4b 5a 5b 5c 6a A dedicated process is in place to facilitate stakeholders' involvement in the preparation of adaptation policies Transboundary cooperation is planned to address common challenges with relevant countries Observation systems are in place to monitor climate change, extreme climate events and their impacts Scenarios and projections are used to assess the economic, social and environmental impacts of climate change Sound climate risks/vulnerability assessments for priority vulnerable sectors are undertaken to support adaptation decision making. The selection of vulnerable sectors may be based on a lighter pre-screening vulnerability assessment Climate risks/vulnerability assessments take transboundary risks into account, when relevant Key stakeholders (e.g. from science, administration and the private sector) are involved in defining and working on research priorities Identified knowledge gaps are used to prioritise public funding for research on impacts, vulnerabilities and adaptation to climate change Adaptation relevant data and information is available to all stakeholders (e.g. through a dedicated website or other comparable means). Science-policy interfaces, such as workshops, are in place to facilitate dialogue between researchers and decision and policy -makers Capacity building activities take place; education and training materials on climate change adaptation concepts and practices are available and disseminated Adaptation options considered are consistent with the results of sectoral risk assessments, and with measures and good practices 177

8 adaptation options 7 considered, consistent with the results of sectoral risk assessments and taking into account good practices and measures Dedicated and adequate funding resources have been identified and made available to implement adaptation action 6b 6c 7a 7b identified in similar contexts The selection of priority adaptation options is based on robust methods (e.g. multi-criteria analyses, stakeholders consultation, etc.) and consistent with existing decision-making frameworks Mechanisms are in place to coordinate disaster risk management and climate change adaptation A dedicated budget is available for financing cross-cutting/coordinated adaptation action (e.g. national scenarios and climate services, capacity building, website) Where relevant, funding is available to increase climate resilience in vulnerable sectors 8a Adaptation has been included in the national frameworks for environmental impact assessments and strategic environmental assessments 8 Climate change adaptation is mainstreamed into priority and key national planning and sectoral policymaking 8b 8c Prevention/preparedness strategies (e.g early warning systems) in place under national disaster risk management plans comprehend current and projected climate extremes Key land use and resource management planning policies take into account the impacts of climate change Step 4: Implementing adaptation action 9 Climate change adaptation policies, measures and projects are effectively implemented 8d 8e 9a 9b 9c National policy instruments promote adaptation at sectoral level, in line with national priorities and in areas where adaptation is mainstreamed in EU policies Adaptation is mainstreamed in insurance or alternative policy instruments, where relevant, to provide incentives for investments in risk prevention Adaptation projects are effectively implemented, e.g. as defined in action plans or sectoral policy documents Cooperation mechanisms foster and support adaptation at relevant scales (e.g. local, subnational) Procedures or guidelines are available to assess the potential impact of climate change on major projects or programmes, and facilitate the choice of alternative options 9d There are processes for stakeholders' involvement in the implementation of adaptation policies, measures and projects Step 5: Monitoring and evaluation Systems are in place to monitor and report on climate change adaptation, including adaptation-related expenditures, via relevant indicators An evaluation framework is in place to assess whether adaptation policy objectives are met and a periodic review of the adaptation strategy is planned 10a 10b 10c 11a 11b The integration of climate change adaptation in sectoral policies is monitored, including e.g. by developing relevant indicators Information on adaptation actions is collected and disseminated, including e.g. related expenditures Cooperation with regional or local administrations allows to collect information on adaptation action at sub-national levels A periodic review of the national adaptation strategy and action plans is planned Stakeholders are involved in the assessment, evaluation and review of national adaptation policy EU Adaptation Strategy EU Adaptation StrategyEU Strategy on adaptation to climate chang e 8 178

2.4-17 8 EU Climate-ADAPT LIFE LIFEThe Financial Instrument for the

9 EU Climate-ADAPT LIFE LIFEThe Financial Instrument for the Environment and Climate Action EU EU LIFE 34 LIFE NGO LIFE 179

2.4-18 LIFE European CommissionLIFE and climate change

10 LIFE European CommissionLIFE and climate change adaptation, LIFE Environment European Regional Development Fund EU

11 European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development EU Covenant of Mayors: EU Covenant of Mayors 1 Covenant of Mayors 2020 EU 2020 EU ,700 5,395 Climate -ADAPTThe European Climate Adaptation Platform CLIMATE-ADAPT DG CLIMADG DG EU EU Climate-ADAPT 181

12 2.4-19Climate-ADAPT

13 2 Joint Research Center DG SANTESANTE : The Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety Climate-ADAPT

14 LIFE DG LIFE 5 LIFE 2008 Covenant of Mayors 2014 Mayors Adapt 2015 Covenant of Mayors Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy 184

15 2 Covenant of Mayors 100 Climate-ADAPT Horizon EU 億社会的課題に 297 欧州イノベーション工科大学院に 27 億欧州原子力共同体 16 億卓越した科学に 244 億 185

2.4.5CCC 1 3 2 2013 EU28 2 2013 2.4-8 http://www.maff.go.

16 2.4.5CCC EU CCRA

17 CO 2 2 CCC 2008 CCC CCC CCRA 59 UK Climate Change Risk Assessment 2017Synthesis report: priorities for the next five years hange.pdf 17/ 187

18 NAP NAP CCC 188

19 CCC CCC 189

20 CCC NAP CCC ASC (2015) Progress in preparing for climate change 190

21 2.4-25NAP CCC ASC (2015) Progress in preparing for climate change 191

22 % % CCC

23 ASC 2 CCC NAP

24 10 RCP8.5 1 CCC 6 NAP NAP 2013 NAP NAP 1) 2) 3) 3 NAP 194

2.4.6 INRA 1 1.5 EU 16 EU EU EU 18 2014 5 7 2013 1 2013 3 2.4-10 http://www.maff.go.

25 2.4.6 INRA EU 16 EU EU EU Explore % 3050% 195

2 INRA INRAACCAF INRA INRA 2 INRA INRA 8,500 2 2.4-26 INRA 8 2.

26 2 INRA INRAACCAF INRA INRA 2 INRA INRA 8, INRA ACCAFAdaptation to Climate Change of Agriculture and Forestry ACCAF INRA 196

27 INRA Preventive LACCAVE

28 TomGEM GoodBerry INRA 198

29 INRA Moore and Lobell

30 INRA INRA Thornton

31 INRA SCIENCE ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE

32 3 INRA

33 Preventive LACCAVE

34 A.O.P INRA CO 2 62 EU TomGEM % 204

35 62 INRA EU 6 GoodBerry 19 Omics INRA Wheat Initiative 2011 CAQ40 25 INRA

36 COP INRA R&D 206

37 3IPCC 5 WG2 WG3AFOLU WG2 207

38 , 000 AgMIP AgMIP AgMIP 208

39 David Lobell David Lobell ARS David Lobell INRA LACCAVE INRA INRA INRA LACCAVE 209

40 INRA AROVolcani ARS INRA AROGilat AROVolcani ARS ARS AROVolcani 210

41 ARO

42 ADAPT 5 Climate Smart Water Efficiency Program INRA 212

43 NAP 1 ASC CCRA ASC CCRA NAP 2 ASC NAP 2019 NAP 3 ASC ASCAdaptation Sub-Committee CCC CCC 213

大学論集第42号本文.indb

大学論集第42号本文.indb 42 2010 2011 3 279 295 COSO 281 COSO 1990 1 internal control 1 19962007, Internal Control Integrated Framework COSO COSO 282 42 2 2) the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway committee