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1 Vol. 2 No (Mar. 2009) VMM WebVDI Virtual Desktop Infrastructure VDI thin client VDI 1 thin client Web VDI WebVDI 1 WebVDI VMM OS HTTP Web VoXY VoXY VMM VNC HTTP VMM Web VMM WebVDI Implementation and Evaluation of WebVDI System with VMM Kazushi Takahashi, 1 Koichi Sasada 1 and Ikuo Takeuchi 1 Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) is a base technology to achieve a Virtual Desktop Environment. Thin client is one of the technologies that implement a VDI. However, it is not good at providing virtual desktops to the general public in the Internet. Because existing thin clients require dedicated clients and it is difficult for average users to install. Thus, we propose a new VD, a WebVDI, which can use commodity web-browsers as its clients. In addition, we can offer one individual computer environment to every user and aim at a WebVDI which assures the safety of the server, the base of the service. In this paper, we propose the VoXY system which uses web-browsers as clients by converting a screen of the guest OS working on a virtual machine monitor (VMM) into HTTP. The VoXY system consists of proxy function which converts the VNC protocol supported by many VMMs into HTTP and interface to operate VMMs. This system requires only clients on which commodity web browser is installed. Moreover, this system offers individual virtual computer environment to the users by utilizing VMMs. Results of our evaluation show that the VoXY system has a practical performance to build WebVDIs. 1. VDI: Virtual Desktop Infrastructure VDI VDI thin client thin client OS thin client thin client thin client thin client VDI WebShaka YouOS 1) JavaScript Web YouOS Web Web Web thin client 1 Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo 53 c 2009 Information Processing Society of Japan

2 54 VMM WebVDI VDI Web WebVDI WebVDI Web JavaScript Web WebVDI thin client 1 WebVDI Web WebVDI 1 WebVDI VMM KVM 2 VNC VMM OS Web VoXY WebVDI thin client VDI VoXY Web VMM Web 2 VDI VoXY 3 4 VoXY VoXY 5 VoXY VDI VDI thin client WebVDI 2.1 thin client thin client X 2) ICA 3) RDP 4) VNC 5) SLIM 6) 2 X RDP 3 OS OS ICA SLIM VNC VNC RFB protocol 7) ICA SLIM thin client RDP Windows VNC ICA SLIM Sun Microsystems Sun Ray 8) 2.2 thin client VDI VDI thin client WebShaka YouOS JavaScript Web YouOS thin client YouOS Web VDI WebVDI Web WebVDI YouOS WebVDI Web 1 WebVDI thin client 2 Keyboard Video Mouse 3 A x y Hello world API

3 55 VMM WebVDI Web Web thin client Java Applet VNC Viewer Flash VNC Viewer Web Plug-in Web 2.3 thin client Web Web Web thin client LAN HTTP HTTPS Web ActiveX Java SSL-VPN Web YouOS WebVDI Web HTTP Web SSL https Plug-in WebVDI VDI VMM Web 4. VoXY Vnc Over http proxy HTTP Web VoXY VoXY 1 VNC RFB protocol RFB protocol VMM Xen 9) QEMU 10) KVM 11) VMware 12) RFB protocol 3.8 7) VMM VoXY 1 1 httpd cgi VMM VDI thin client WebVDI HTTP VDI WebVDI Web Web JavaScript Web Plug-in 1 VoXY Fig. 1 Overview of VoXY architecture.

4 56 VMM WebVDI VMM VoXY VoXY VoXY 4.1 VoXY VoXY VMM VoXY Web JavaScript VoXY VoXY VoXY VoXY cgi VoXY VoXY VMM VoXY VMM Manager VoXY Window Manager 2 VoXY C++ 4,000 VoXY VMM Manager VoXY VMM Manager VMM RFB protocol VMM 1 VMM VMM QEMU VMM Manager VoXY Window Manager VoXY Window Manager VoXY VMM Manager VoXY CGI VoXY cgi httpd VoXY VoXY CGI UDP UDP httpd CGI CGI CGI CGI TCP / TCP 1 Common Lisp CGI VoXY httpd httpd VoXY VoXY cgi VoXY UDP 2 TCP VoXY VoXY Web VMM Keyboard Mouse Ajax httpd VoXY cgi JavaScript 400 Web 4.2 VoXY Window Manager Web HTTP JavaScript Web JavaScript Web VoXY VNC RFB Protocol JavaScript HTTP VoXY VNC RFB Protocol VNC RFB Protocol Remote Frame Buffer Protocol 7) RFB Protocol version 3.8 VoXY RFB Protocol 3.8 VMM RFB protocol x y

5 57 VMM WebVDI 1 Table 1 The main browsers and extended tags. Browser Tags FireFox svg, canvas Safari svg (since Safari 3), canvas Internet Explorer vml RFB protocol Client-pull VNC VNC FramebufferUpdateRequest VNC FramebufferUpdate VNC FramebufferUpdateRequest JavaScript RFB protocol Web JavaScript Web (a) 1 1 DIV 1 1 DIV DIV color JavaScript Draw (b) Web JavaScript API 1 HTML5 Canvas 13) Canvas API Base64 VNC FramebufferUpdate PNG Canvas 1 thin client (c) DOM IMG Web IMG IMG Web thin client Web (c) (b) (c) thin client Canvas HTML5 Canvas (c) CGI JavaScript CGI PNG XML XML PNG x y width height JavaScript CGI XML DOM IMG Web IMG PNG httpd Internet Explorer 7.0 httpd Apache/2.2.8 Internet Explorer Apache Canvas thin client

6 58 VMM WebVDI 2 Fig. 2 Benchmark results. 3 Fig. 3 VoXY VoXY protocol overview Kpixel 10 Kpixel 50% 10 Kpixel Schmidt 6) Kpixel VoXY 4.2 VoXY VoXY VNC TCP VNC 1 1 VNC FramebufferUpdateReqest VNC VNC FramebufferUpdate 3 α β γ δ ɛ ζ ID 1 PNG VNC FramebufferUpdate PNG ID QUEUE LISTEN 4 VoXY Web Ajax httpd 4 (a1) LISTEN end (c1) LISTEN start ms LISTEN LISTEN httpd cgi UDP 1

7 59 VMM WebVDI 100 ms Schmidt 70% 10 Hz 6) 4 DONE LISTEN RECTDATA thin client LISTEN thin client 4.4 VoXY VMM Manager 4.2 KVM VMM VoXY VMM Manager VoXY VMM Manager VMM 4 VoXY Fig. 4 VoXY protocol sequence diagram. GETQUEUE GETQUEUE VoXY 3 γ ζ ɛ PNG PNG Web LISTEN PNG Web DOM IMG src element src element Web PNG httpd PNG Keyboard Mouse LISTEN 4 (b) MOUSEEVENT JavaScript SetTimeout VMM VoXY VMM Manager QEMU system() VMM libvirt VMM VMM API VMM VoXY VMM Manager libvirt 5. VoXY httpd VMM Intel (R) Core (TM) 2 Quad 2.40 GHz 2Gbyte RAM Intel Gigabit NIC OS Ubuntu Linux 8.04 VMM QEMU kqemu OS Fedora Core 6 httpd Apache/2.2.8 OS Windows XP SP2 Web Internet Explorer 6

8 60 VMM WebVDI 2 Table 2 Benchmark applications. Category Image Processing Web Browsing Word Processing PIM Application GIMP Mozilla FireFox OpenOffice Writer KAddressBook 3 Table 3 Task for application user. Application GIMP Mozilla FireFox OpenOffice Writer KAddressBook Task Web SICP 5 LISTEN Web 8ms VNC Fig. 5 Cumulative distributions of Web-browser display update service time per LISTEN event. Histogram bucket size is 8 ms (with VNC server). 5.2 VNC Gigabit HUB ping 0ms LISTEN RECTDATA RECTDATA 4 (a1) (a2) PNG VMM QEMU QEMU X VNC 2 VMM VNC 5 GIMP FireFox 2 word GIMP 94% 50 ms word 99% 50 ms 5.3 QEMU QEMU 6 VMM VNC RFB protocol GIMP 99% 50 ms word 100% 50 ms

9 61 VMM WebVDI 6 LISTEN Web 8ms QEMU Fig. 6 Cumulative distributions of Web-browser display update service time per LISTEN event. Histogram bucket size is 8 ms (with QEMU) VNC VMM VMM thin client ms 14) Lt LISTEN 4 (b) (c2) Web Rt LISTEN Lt ms Lt 94% 50 ms Rt =150ms Rt = 150 ms ms VoXY LISTEN 7 Fig. 7 Average bandwidth consumed by the benchmark appications under the VoXY nautilus firefox Mbps kword word Mbps Mbps VoXY VoXY 6. FLOZ: Free Live OS Zoo 15) QEMU Java Applet VNC VNC Viewer Web OS OS OS Web VNC Viewer FLOZ Web VNC QEMU VNC TCP 5900 HTTP

62 VMM WebVDI The JPC Project 16) Java Applet x86 Web FreeDOS The JPC Project x86 bochs ISA VMM VirtualDesktop XenDesktop VMware Citrix VMM thin client thin client 2.1 thin client HTTP 7.

10 62 VMM WebVDI The JPC Project 16) Java Applet x86 Web FreeDOS The JPC Project x86 bochs ISA VMM VirtualDesktop XenDesktop VMware Citrix VMM thin client thin client 2.1 thin client HTTP 7. VMM Keyboard Video Mouse VNC VMM OS Web VoXY WebVDI thin client VDI VMM Web 4.4 VMM Manager VMM QEMU QEMU VMM VMM Xen 1 1) WebShaka, I.: YouOS (2006). 2) Nye, A.: X Protocol Reference Manual, O Reilly, MA (1995). 3) Boca Research, Inc: Citrix ICA Technology Brief, Boca Raton, FL, Technical White Paper (1999). 4) Microsoft Corporation: Comparing MS Windows NT Server 4.0, Terminal Server Edition and UNIX Application Deployment Solutions, Redmond, WA, Technical White Paper (1999). 5) Richardson, T., Stafford-Fraser, Q., Wood, K.R. and Hopper, A.: Virtual Network Computing, IEEE Internet Computing, Vol.2, No.1, pp (1998). 6) Schmidt, B.K., Lam, M.S. and Northcutt, J.D.: The interactive performance of SLIM: A stateless, thin-client architecture, SOSP 99: Proc. 17th ACM symposium on Operating systems principles, New York, NY, USA, pp.32 47, ACM (1999). 7) Richardson, T.: The RFB Protocol (2007). 8) Tougaw, D. and Sanders, J.: SunRay: A Cost-Effective Desktop Computer Solution, Computing in Science and Engg., Vol.4, No.1, pp (2002). 9) Barham, P., Dragovic, B., Fraser, K., Hand, S., Harris, T., Ho, A., Neugebauer, R., Pratt, I. and Warfield, A.: Xen and the art of virtualization, SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev., Vol.37, No.5, pp (2003). 10) Fabrice, B.: QEMU Homepage (2008). 11) Kivity, A., Kamay, Y., Laor, D., Lublin, U. and Liguori, A.: kvm: the Linux Virtual Machine Monitor, Proc. Linux Symposium, pp (2007). 12) VMware, Inc.: VMware. 13) Smith, M.: W3C: HTML 5 Publication Notes (2008). 14) Shneiderman, B.: Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human- Computer Interaction, 3rd ed., Addison-Wesley, MA (1998). 15) FreeOsZoo-Project: Free Live OS Zoo (2006). Live OS Zoo 16) JPCTeam: The JPC Project (2007). ( ) ( )

11 63 VMM WebVDI IT IT

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12 Load Dispersion Methods in Thin Client Systems 1010405 2001 2 5 ,,.,,., II,,,.,,.,.,,,.,,,.,, II i Abstract Load Dispersion Methods in Thin Client Systems Noritaka TAKEUCHI Server Based Computing by