Vol. 9 No. 3, pp A Drawing-Based Interface For Motion Design Haruki Koda 1 Ichiroh Kanaya 2 Kosuke Sato 1 1 Graduate School of Engi

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1 Vol. 9 No. 3, pp A Drawing-Based Interface For Motion Design Haruki Koda 1 Ichiroh Kanaya 2 Kosuke Sato 1 1 Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 2 Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University kouda-h@sens.sys.es.osaka-u.ac.jp GUI(Graphical User Interface) Abstract Because of improvement of graphic computing performance in recent years, individual users are able to create not only graphic design but also movie contents. In the near future, novel interfaces will be indispensable for amateur users without special skills or knowledge. However, GUIs in conventional animation environments require complicated and menu operations, and also familiarized users who learned them with higher cost and longer learning time. Moreover, key frame interpolation methods are usually applied to the input of motions, which is the most basic process of animation production. When treating motions with velocity variation, this input method requires iterative numeric adjustment operation. In this paper, we propose a novel interface for motion design by which users can input the velocity variation applying bodily movement of drawing. In the interface, the system sets the parameter plane that corresponds to the input screen such as a pen tablet besides a virtual space where the object is arranged. Control variables of the motions (rotation, translation, etc.) are allocated in each axis of the parameter plane. Users can treat temporal changes of these variables only by 2D drawings on the tablet surface and perform a number of 2D drawings through a trial-and-error process to explore his/her desired motions. Experimental results with a prototype agree that the proposed motion design method is suitable for especially beginner users. Moreover, as for the fluctuation of the drawing, experimental results clear that the frequency parameter that controls the impression of the motion can be controllable by filtering in the Fourier coefficients. 119

2 1 CG ( ) () ( ) [1][2] [3][4] 2.1 Kato [5] Richard K-sketch[6] GUI 2D 3D Spatial Keyframing [7] 3 3D 3 120

3 2.2 Terra [8] Matthew, Motion Doodle[9] 2.1 Spatial Keyframing [10] P : 121

3 50[Hz] [10] 50[Hz] 600 1 24 1 24 49 24

4 2: s 1 3: s s 1 s a(s), b(s) 2. 1 c a b c [Hz] [10] 50[Hz] D. GUI GUI Start Axis Constant Fourier Fourier : 2 122

5 4: ( ) 6: ( : ) 7: ( 4 ) 5: () ( ) ( ) : 5 ( 5 )Axis 3 ( 5 ) (IK) IK 123

8: 1: [s] A 554 74 6 19 B 867 178 7 26 C 2438 704 15

6 8: 1: [s] A B C : 1 3 ( A B C ) A S L H A:Arm( ) S:Shoulder( ),L:Leg( ), H:Hip( ) A+S (A+S)+L Play A B C [s] ( ) A B A B 124

5.2 2 2 2 S 20 4 (S-A,S-B,S-C,S-D) NS 20,30 4 (NS-A,NS-B,NS-C,NS-D) 4.4.1 sample GUI ( 3 ) 4 10 P 2 2 11 12 [s] 2 3 4 2 4 5.

7 S 20 4 (S-A,S-B,S-C,S-D) NS 20,30 4 (NS-A,NS-B,NS-C,NS-D) sample GUI ( 3 ) 4 10 P [s] S 10: ( ) P P (P ) P 11: ( S) 125

3: S-A S-B S-C S-D NS-A NS-B NS-C NS-D 1 9 8 11 14 11 18 12 19 2 8 6 9 12 29 57 5 86 3 10 9 16 17 4 74 14 14 4 7 12 13 5 22 49 41 13 4: [s] ( ( ) ) S-A S-B S-C S-D NS-A NS-B NS-C NS-D 1 99 69 71 75

8 3: S-A S-B S-C S-D NS-A NS-B NS-C NS-D : [s] ( ( ) ) S-A S-B S-C S-D NS-A NS-B NS-C NS-D ( ) : ( NS) 2: ( ( ) ) S-A S-B S-C S-D NS-A NS-B NS-C NS-D ( ) ( ) ( ) NS S NS S NS NS-A 1 S-B

9 13: ( 13) (N=24 48) [11] : : ( ) 15: ( ) ( 1,2 )

10 ( ) 15 5,1,3, [1], pp.5-10, [2] Kawasaki. H, Ito.S, Ishigure.Y, Nishimoto.Y, Aoki.T, Mouri.T, Sakaeda.H, Abe.M, Development of a Hand Motion Assist Robot for Rehabilitation Therapy by Patient Self- Motion Control, Rehabilitation Robotics, ICORR IEEE 10th International Conference on, pp , [3] Adrien. T, Seth.C, Zoran.P, Continum Crowds, ACM Transaction on Graphics, Vol. 25 No.3, pp , [4] Douglas. J. W, James. K. H, Interpolation Synthesis of Articulated Figure Motion IEEE Computer Graphic and Applications,Vol. 17, No. 6, pp , [5] Kato. Y, Shibayama. E, Takahashi. S, Effect lines for specifying animation effects, Proc. IEEE Sysmposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing, pp.27 34, [6] Richard. C. D, Brien.C, James. A. L, K- sketch:a Kinetic Sketch Pad for Novice Animators. Proc. CHI 2008, pp , [7] Igarashi. T, Moscovich. J, Hughes. F, Spatial Keyframing for Performance-driven Animation, Proc. Eurographics/ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, pp , [8] S. C. L. Terra, R. A. Metoyer, Performance Timing for Keyframe Animation, Proc. Eurographics/ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, pp , [9] Thorne. M, Burke. D, Panne. van. de. M, Motion doodles:an interface for sketching character motion, Proc. International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques: ACM SIGGRAPH, [10],,,,,, [11],, SD,, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp ,

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11 A 2 z(j) = x(j) + iy(j) δ ( z(j + 1) z(j) = δ, j = 0,, n 1) P w ACM IEEE VR w(j) = (z(j + 1) z(j)/δ) w c(k) c(k) = 1 n 1 w(j)exp( 2πi jk n n ) j=0 (c(k); k = N,, 0,, N) N P P P 2N + 1 V VR SICE IEEE V = [ c( N) c(0) c(n) ] N = ATR

[2] 2. [3 5] 3D [6 8] Morishima [9] N n 24 24FPS k k = 1, 2,..., N i i = 1, 2,..., n Algorithm 1 N io user-specified number of inbetween omis

[2] 2. [3 5] 3D [6 8] Morishima [9] N n 24 24FPS k k = 1, 2,..., N i i = 1, 2,..., n Algorithm 1 N io user-specified number of inbetween omis 1,a) 2 2 2 1 2 3 24 Motion Frame Omission for Cartoon-like Effects Abstract: Limited animation is a hand-drawn animation style that holds each drawing for two or three successive frames to make up 24 frames