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2 Table 1 Prevalence of intestinal helminths in Vietnamese refugees residing in Okinawa Prefecture

3 Figures 1-3 Parasites found in the feces of Vietnamese refugees. 1. Taenia saginata proglottid Table 2 Prevalence of intestinal helminths in Vietnamese refugees by age and sex

4 Table 3 Prevalence of intestinal protozoans in Vietnamese refugees

6 4) Colwell, E. J., Welsh, J. D., Bonne, S. C. and Legters, L. L. (1971): Intestinal parasitism in residents of the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Publ. Hlth., 2 (1), ) Goodrich, I. (.1967): Prevalence of intestinal nematodes in civilian, adult, some Vietnamese population, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 16 (6), ) Hunter, G. W. III., Ritchie, L. S., Pan, C. and Lin, S. (1951): Parasitological studies in the Far East. XI. An epidemiological survey of Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, 406 Medical General Laboratory, Japan Logistical Command Bulletin 3, 29 pp. 8) Keittivuti, B., D'agnes, T., Keittivuti, A. and Varavaidya, M. (1982): Prevalence of schistosomiasis and other parasitic diseases among Cambodian refugees residing in Bang- Kaeng Holding Center, Prachinburi Province, Thailand, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 31 (5), ) Kim, J. H., Yoon, J. J., Lee, S. H. and Seo, B. S. (1970): Parasitological studies of Korean Forces in South Vietnam. II. A comparative study on the incidence of intestinal para-

7 sites, Korean J. Parasit., 8 (1), ) Lerman, D., Barett-Connor, E. and Norcross, W. (1982): Intestinal parasites in asymptomatic adult Southeast Asian immigrants, J. Fam. Prac., 15 (3), ) Lindes, C. (1979): Intestinal parasites in Laotian refugees, J. Fam. Prac., 9 (5), ) Loscher, T., Prufer, L. and Sonnenburg, F. F. von (1980): Intestinal Parasiten bei vietnamesischen Fluchtlingen, Deu. Med. Woch., 105 (14), ) Picher, O. and Aspock, H. (1980) : Haufigkeit und Bedeutung parasitarer Infektionen bei vietnamesischen Fltichtlingen, Wiener Med. Woch., (5), ) Sasa, M. (1976) : Human Filariasis : A Global Survey of Epidemiology and Control, University of Tokyo Press, 819 pp. 21) Tateno, S., Takeuchi, T., Kobayashi, S., Tanabe, M., Miura, S. and Asami, K. (1981): Health status of Indochina refugees in Japan: Prevalence of intestinal parasites and eosinophilia, Jpn. J. Parasit., 30 (5), ) Wiesenthal, A. W., Nickels, M. K., Hashimoto, G., Endo, T. and Ehrhard, H. (1980): Intestinal parasites in Southeast-Asian refugees, JAMA, 244 (22), ) Yoshida, Y. (1971): Comparative studies on Ancylostoma braziliensis and Ancylostoma ceylanicum. 2. The infective larval stage, J. Parasit., 57 (5),

8 PREVALENCE OF PARASITES AMONG VIETNAMESE REFUGEES RESIDING IN OKINAWA PREFECTURE, JAPAN RYUJI ASATO1, HIDEO HASEGAWA2 AND TSUYOSHI IKESHIRO3 Received June /Accepted October Parasitological surveys were carried out on the fecal and blood samples from the Vietnamese refugees living in the Motobu House for the Vietnamese, Motobu, Okinawa, Japan. Intestinal helminths were detected in 444 (67.1%) of 662 refugees examined. Ascaris infection was the most prevalent (56.3%), followed by Trichuris (21.8%), hookworms (18.4%) and Strongyloides (2.3%) infections. Hymenolepis nana infection was observed in three cases, and Taenia saginata, Fasciolopsis buski and Clonorchis sinensis infections in each one case. In almost all age groups, the prevalence was over 50 per cent, and incidence of infection was higher in males than in females. In general, the condition of helminthic infections in the refugees resembled those reported in the urban areas in South Vietnam. Intestinal protozoans were observed in 50 (18.2%) of 274 persons examined. Endolimax nana (11.3%), Entamoeba coli (4.7%) and Giardia lamblia (3.6%) were found but E. histolytica was not detected. Malarial parasites and microfilariae were not demonstrated in the blood samples from 311 persons although three cases of benign tertian malaria have been recorded among refugees in the house. The significance of these parasitic infections in the health of Vietnamese refugees and the influence to the public health status of the inhabitants living around the refugee camp were discussed. 1 Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health 2 Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukuys 3 Okinawa Prefectural Cooperation of Preventive Medicine

Key words: Antibodies to Leptospira, Tokyo, Uveitis

Key words: Antibodies to Leptospira, Tokyo, Uveitis Fig. 1 Distribution of Antibody Titers in Age Decade Fig. 3 Distribution of Antibody Titers in each Strain Fig. 2 Correlation between Antibody Titers