IMA FUNGUS VOLUME 5 NO 1: The genus Lactarius s. str. (Basidiomycota, Russulales) in Togo (West Africa): phylogeny and a new species described 2

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1 IMA FUNGUS VOLUME 5 NO 1: The genus s. str. (Basidiomycota, Russulales) in Togo (West Africa): phylogeny and a new species described 2 2 Abstract: s. str. the delimitation of the genus from better circumscribe the genus Russula sequences Piperites Plinthogali s. str. subbaliophaeus notably L. baliophaeus and L. griseogalus Key words: distribution ecology Article info: INTRODUCTION The diversity of biological organisms in a site can be assessed vulnerable ecosystems are urgently needed to monitor these et al. et al et al et al Savolainen et al use of modern methods (molecular tools) such as those et alet al et al Molecular investigations in Russulales have led to the s. lat s. str related Multifurca and et al. Stubbe et al. et al. s. str 2014 International Mycological Association You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: Non-commercial: No derivative works: For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author s moral rights. 39

2 Maba et al. et al. subgenera Piperites Russularia Plinthogali s.str. et al Russula Amanita Tomentella Cantharellus Xerocomus Boletellus Boletus Pulveroboletus and Tylopilus et al. et al.et al et al. and et al. et al. et al and have been et al. et al.et al. 2 2 et al. s. str. s. str. L. afroscrobiculatus L. atro-olivinus L. miniatescens and L. tenellus s. str L. subbaliophaeus the Togo MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimen sampling and loan of material et al. tenellus L. kabansus L. griseogalus (R. Nicholson 179 L. tenellus L. kabansus Microscopy et al. et al s. lat. material collected in similar ecosystems in the neighbouring et al s.lat. DNA extraction, sequencing, and PCR et al. the Basidiomycota s. str. Russula Termitomyces Sequence analyses and molecular phylogenetic inference et al et al. et al.et al. Russula Termitomyces Agaricus Hymenagaricus 40 IMA FUNGUS

3 s. str. in Togo Fig

4 Maba et al. Table 1 Species Collection numbers Country ENA accession numbers afroscrobiculatus 9 Togo kabansus Togo kabansus saponaceus Togo subbaliophaeus Togo tenellus Togo tenellus Togo miniatescens Togo miniatescens Togo Togo Togo Togo Togo Lactilfuus foetens Togo Togo Termitomyces Togo Russula congoana Togo (Tamura et al RESULTS ITS rdna sequence and phylogenetic analyses clade and constitutes s. str afroscrobiculatus L. tenellus L. kabansus L. miniatescens L. saponaceus miniatescens Russula The sequences of L. torminosus L. wenquanensis from L. purpureus belonging to the subgenus Piperites L. subbaliophaeus and of L. baliophaeus containing L. baliophaeus Nigrescentes L. subbaliophaeus is a member of this section according to of the loaned material of L tenellus and L kabansus fell into s. str. L Plinthogali Plinthogali Plinthogali TAXONOMY subbaliophaeus sp. nov. Etymology L. baliophaeus 42 IMA FUNGUS

5 s. str. in Togo Table 2. baliophaeus and those of L. subbaliophaeus Features L. baliopheus L. griseogalus L. subbaliophaeus distant (total 28) cm Taste subglobose Marginal cells mostly fusiform Diagnosis subbaliophaeus Type: Togo: Central region on soil in gallery forest dominated by Uapaca guineensis and Afzelia africana MD100 holotype Description: Pileus Margin Lamellae Stipe Context Latex taste bitter Chemical reaction Basidiospores Q 1.11 n 8 2 Pleurocystidia Pleuropseudocytidia 5 Marginal cells of lamellae Hymenophoral trama Pileipellis Stipitipellis 43

6 Maba et al. Fig. 2. subbaliophaeus A. B. C. D. E.F. 44 IMA FUNGUS

s. str. in Togo ART I CLE A B G $ C G Fig. 3.

# ' X %@x+g @z& +zz ( %+x++ 0z0$zz V Isoberlinia

7 s. str. in Togo ART I CLE A B G $ C G Fig. 3. FVC subbaliophaeus C4+%% A B. * Clamps Additional specimen examined: Togo: Central region? L '. # ' X +zz ( %+x++ 0z0$zz V Isoberlinia tomentosa and Uapaca $) C $%%& MD14 ;OEO C. E DISCUSSION subbaliophaeus differs from L. baliophaeus and L. griseogalus in the 9 C "= ; 45

8 Maba et al. A B C Fig. 4. subbaliophaeusa. B. C. easily L. subbaliophaeus differs most from L. griseogalus and is closest to L. baliophaeus that L. subbaliophaeus deviates from L. baliophaeus by L. baliophaeus sp 46 IMA FUNGUS

9 s. str. in Togo Table 3 Species Specimens Collector/Date Locality and ecosystem type Isoberlinia tomentosa and Uapaca togoensis Isoberlinia doka and Uapaca afroscrobiculatus togoensis Afzelia africana atroolivinus 2 Atsu Guelly Uapaca guinensis Isoberlinia doka and Uapaca togoensis Uapaca togoensis and Uapaca guineensis and Uapaca guineensis kabansus Isoberlinia doka and Uapaca togoensis melanogalus miniatescens Milletia thonningii Lonchocarpus sericeus Isoberlinia doka and Uapaca togoensis Isoberlinia doka and Uapaca togoensis Subbaliophaeus saponaceus tenellus Atsu Guelly D. Maba 2 A. Guelly A. De Kesel. and Uapaca guineensis Uapaca togoensis and Afzelia africana Isoberlinia tomentosa and Uapaca togoensis Isoberlinia tomentosa Isoberlinia tomentosa Uapaca togoensis Isoberlinia doka and Uapaca togoensis Isoberlinia doka and Uapaca togoensis L. subbaliophaeus forms a terminal sister subbaliophaeus and L. baliophaeus belong both to sect. Nigrescentes corroborated by sequence of L. afroscrobiculatus of Piperites L torminosus L. wenquanensis L purpureus Piperites et al 47

10 Maba et al. L Piperites Piperites L barbatus and L acrissimus L tenellus L kabansus L and L saponaceus from Togo and L angiocarpus of L Plinthogali L Plinthogali as and L. miniatescens form a clade sister to L Nigrescentes L. kabansus and L. tenellus belong to a different Plinthogali L. Plinthogali Togo from L s. str s. str et al atro-olivinus L. and L. miniatescens in a gallery or savanna L. afroscrobiculatus in habitats that harbour Uapaca Isoberlinia doka L. atro-olivinus occurs and Uapaca guineensis L.miniatescens Uapaca L. tenellus U. togoensis and I. doka as native a tendency to U. togoensis. saponaceus seems to of I. tomentosa kabansus I. doka and U. togoensis subbaliophaeus in savanna and I. tomentosa or Afzelia africana s. str. (Maba et al. both genera being collected in the same s. str. sections including Chromospermi Piperites Amari Russularia Nigrescentes Plinthogali Pseudofuliginosi Togo (Piperites Nigrescentes and Pseudofuliginosi harvested in are found in the ecosystems of are still to be collected and ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES New Phytologist 186 Carte de Végétation du Togo Nucleic Acids Research 25 Recherches sur les forêts denses humides du Togo Mycorrhiza 22 Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 87 Nucleic Acids Research 36 conserve Basidiomycota Taxon 59 Russula and lactarius: the dilemma of RussulaOchricompactae Fungal Diversity 28 Les Champignons de la chaine de l Atakora Guide des Champignons Comestibles du Bénin. Environmental Microbiology 12: Bois et Forêts des Tropiques IMA FUNGUS

11 s. str. in Togo Molecular Ecology 2 BioEdit Biological sequence alignment editor for Win95/98/NT/2K/XP The Genus Brief Bioinform 9 New Phytologist 166 Methuen Handbook of Colour Mycological Research 111 Mycological Progress Le genre de la Réserve de Faune d Aledjo PLoS ONE 1 Global Change Biology 14 Mycorrhiza 17 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of 360 gerardii Russulales Fungal Biology 114 Molecular Biology and Evolution 28 Russulales Basidiomycota Nova Hedwigia 77 subgenera Edules Lactariopsis Russulopsis Mycotaxon 118 Monograph of in Tropical Africa Tropical Mycology 1: Prunus africana New Phytologist

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