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3 W I D E P R O J E C T G WG 10G WG IEEE802.3ae[123] OC-192 OC Gbps 40 Gbps 2 1 VoD Video on Demand 1 PC OS WG 1.2 WG 2003 WIDE Gbps 1Gbps 3 1 FreeBSD DV TV WG 2003 WIDE 2 10 Gbps speaker

26 W I D E P R O J E C T 2 0 0 3 a n n u a l r e p o r t 2.1 10 Gbps WIDE 10 Gbps 2.

4 26 W I D E P R O J E C T a n n u a l r e p o r t Gbps WIDE 10 Gbps n* PC iscsi WG n* TV DV TV Gbps 10 Gbps 1 Gbps DVBS Digital Video Broadcast System 3.1 DVBS DVBS[349] DVTS Digital Video Transport System [220] HDD Hard Disc Drive DV 500 MB DV PC 3 MRTG PC DV Gbps 422

W I D E P R O J E C T PC Pentium III 1.24 GHz Pentium4 3.0 Ghz HDD ATA-100 OS Linux Kernel2.4.20 FreeBSD Kernel FreeBSD Kernel DV 1 32 Mbps 1 8 4 FreeBSD Kernel 3.

5 W I D E P R O J E C T PC Pentium III 1.24 GHz Pentium4 3.0 Ghz HDD ATA-100 OS Linux Kernel FreeBSD Kernel FreeBSD Kernel DV 1 32 Mbps FreeBSD Kernel Mbps Mbps zombie 1 Gbps FreeBSD Kernel DVBS 4.1 NetPerf Net- 3.4 Kernel HDD SCSI RAID WG Perf 5 MTU sysctl kern.ipc.maxsockbuf 4.1. Kernel

6 kern.ipc.maxsockbuf Mbps TCP TCP MTU1500 UDP UDP MTU W I D E P R O J E C T a n n u a l r e p o r t NetLib net.inet.tcp.sendspace TCP NetLib kern.ipc.maxsockbuf TCP net.inet.tcp.sendspace (1) Mbps TCP TCP MTU net.inet.tcp.sendspace (2) Mbps TCP TCP MTU ^ 3 ; MTU 1500 kern.ipc.maxsockbuf net.inet.tcp.sendspace 4.2 kern.ipc.maxsockbuf kern.ipc.maxsockbuf net.inet.tcp.recvspace TCP TCP NetServ NetPerf NetServ PC WG TCP 5 Establishment of Controlling IEEE1394 devices over the network This chapter proposes the design and implementation of IEEE1394 device control over network. We have extended the wired connection between IEEE1394 devices and computer into 424

7 W I D E P R O J E C T IP network, formerly connected with IEEE1394 interface. Implemented system could use all of the features which IEEE1394 device carries, via IP network. Using implementation on IEEE1394 device control over IP network linked with DVTS which transports DV Data through IP network, we can construct radio-wave broadcast transport system through IP network. Using implemented radiowave broadcast transport system, we can watch and store radio-wave broadcast over IP network. From this research we achieved extension of the connection between IEEE1394 device and computers to control IEEE1394 devices. By constructing a radio-wave broadcast transport system, we have experimentally proved the availability of our implementation on IEEE1394 device control over IP network. 5.1 Introduction Consumer AV appliances are being transformed from analog to digital technology. Digitalization of AV appliances made simpler interconnectivity between computers. IEEE1394[2, 116, 118] is a common interface connecting AV appliances and computers or other digital AV appliances. DV camcorders are the mainstream of AV appliances using IEEE1394 interface. There are three reasons why IEEE1394 adopted in these kinds of AV appliances. 1) Fast transfer speed is indispensable for audio and video data. 2) Small connector is convenient to connect small devices. 3) Supports hot-swap connection. When new IEEE1394 device is connected or removed, IEEE1394 bus automatically reconfigures the new node. There are two functionalities on IEEE ) Controlling the device, and 2) transportation of the media. Capability of IEEE1394 to control its connected device is due to the fact that IEEE1394 interface is not designed to connect only with computers. IEEE1394 are also designed to connect with consumer appliances. There are a few software implementations to control IEEE1394 devices. There are two sample applications transporting IEEE1394 features through the network, 1) DVTS[220, 221] (Digital Video Transport System), and 2) Video Transport System designed for MPEG2TS[202] (MPEG2 Transport Stream). By using these applications, construction of Internet broadcast system using IEEE1394 connected device and computer with Internet Protocol (IP) can be established in simple manners. These implementations are already in practical use for video conferencing and high quality streaming. Comparing the feature of data transmission in implementation of IEEE1394 interface, there are only few softwares implementing the control mechanism of IEEE1394 connected device. However, there is no implementation to control devices over IP network. In some operating systems, Application Programming Interface (API) for controlling IEEE1394 device connected with IEEE1394 do exists. There is specification for IEEE1394 device control for several types of devices. For example, VCR, TUNER and TAPE RECORDER. In spite of the existence of specification, there are many devices without these implementations. In this paper, we define Radio-wave Broadcast for television broadcast which uses radiowave for transmission and Internet Broadcast for broadcast system which uses IP network for transmission. 5.2 Controlling the devices connected locally Some IEEE1394 devices require vendor distributed applications for controlling the device. This paper implements controlling of these devices connected via IEEE1394. In this research, we designed and implemented IEEE1394 device control over IP network. IEEE1394 has platform capability to control devices locally. IEEE1394 has a limitation in its physical interface for the wire length of the controlling media. IEEE1394 cable connection has a restriction in length of

8 26 W I D E P R O J E C T a n n u a l r e p o r t 4.5 meters. There is no implementation to extend controllability of the device from local cables to over IP network. For sample implementation of IEEE1394 device control over IP network, we designed and implemented Radiowave Broadcast Transport System linking with DVTS. 5.3 IEEE1394 Device drivers Some Operating System (OS) supports API for IEEE1394 device control (Table 5.1). Table 5.1. IEEE1394 API for several OS OS API FreeBSD Device file Linux Device file & Library WindowsXP Driver & Library OHCI (Open Host Controller Interface) link chips are de-facto standard for IEEE1394. OHCI chip cannot be placed in promiscuous mode. Therefore, monitoring the traffic through the interface is difficult. Before OHCI link layer appears, Texas Instruments PCI Lynx link chip has been used. This link chip could be placed in promiscuous mode. 5.4 Evaluation We compared Windows application comes with DV converter for local feature with our implementation for remote feature. Comparison of the local features and remote features are shown in Table 5.2. Feature of locally connected with IEEE1394 cable has been satisfied in remotely connected with IP network. All of the feature IEEE1394 device carries could be used from remote with no limitation in length. Table 5.2. Comparison of local and remote features 5.5 Conclusion We have constructed practical sample implementation for IEEE1394 device control over IP network. Our method to control IEEE1394 device over IP network has been confirmed. Our implementation of IEEE1394 device control over the IP network can extend the connection between IEEE1394 device and computers on the IP network. Using our method, both IEEE1394 devices following the AV/C specification and IEEE1394 devices which doesn t follow the AV/C specification can be controlled over IP network. Functions IEEE1394 device carries can be used from over IP network and could work on more advanced application. Using this implementation with existing audio and video transport system, we have designed and implemented audio and video transport system using the network. Using this system, client can watch the radiowave broadcast outside the coverage and store the radiowave broadcast to D-VHS tape and into DV files. In future work, we will assort each type of device to construct framework for IEEE1394 device control over IP network. 6 Local Remote Channel selection Supported Supported Audio selection Supported Supported Frequency adjustment Supported Supported

9 W I D E P R O J E C T 6.1. IP D D D 2 [356] 50 ms 80 ms P (1) P (2) Pd 1 Pd n Max(Pd (1) (n) )=Delay < 80 ms 6.3 IEEE1394 Isochronous DVTS DVTS for MacOSX 4 IP

10 26 W I D E P R O J E C T a n n u a l r e p o r t IEEE IEEE1394 IEEE1394 DV tcpdump ms 80 ms RTP

11 W I D E P R O J E C T bytes time(sec) time(sec) 6.4. A 10 CPU M (t) RTP 1 RTP M (t) t (t) RTP CPU F (t) CPU M (t) 10 msec D (t) t CPU C (t) D (t) = F (t) C (t) CPU M (t) RTP 6.6 ms bytes 26

12 bytes 104 W I D E P R O J E C T a n n u a l r e p o r t micro sec time(sec) milli sec ms ms DVTS for MacOSX DVTS for MacOSX Viewer 430

13 W I D E P R O J E C T 7 SD Standard Definition DV True VoD VoD SDDV True VoD 7.1 VoD DV True VoD VoD 7.2 True VoD DV SDDV VoD OS OS 7.3 True DV VoD 4 DV ART-Linux (Kernel base) + gcc DV DV DV DV DV VoD DVTS xdvshow,windows dvrecv DV VCR ART-Linux API Linux Kernel

14 26 Hardware Side Storage Device DV Data File Descriptor Software Side Set Parameter Enter RealTime Task Loop Start Set Param Part Schedule Control Part Read DV Data W I D E P R O J E C T a n n u a l r e p o r t Allocated Memory DV Data TimeCode Send Queue Receive Queue Network Interface DV/RTP STREAM Request TimeCode 7.1. Decode TimeCode Send DV Data Check Request YES DV 7.2 DV DV 7.3 DV NTSC 1 Network Interface Linux Kernel ART-Linux Compare Timecode Seek DV File Sleep Until Dead Line NO 1/fps Read/Send Part Frame Control Part Schedule Control Part prio max non real time DV DV 2 DV 432

15 W I D E P R O J E C T 1100 rt*1 rt* Time (micro sec) Loop Count 7.2. read # no rt*1 no rt* Loop Count 7.3. read #2 1 DV 7.5 RAID0 5 SCSI SerialATA Command Queuing SDDV True VoD SDDV Time (micro sec) 26

16 non realtime*2 prio max* W I D E P R O J E C T a n n u a l r e p o r t Time (micro sec) Loop Count 7.4. sendto RTSP UDP User Daragram Protocol UDP End-To-End DVTS DFCS Dynamic Framerate Control 8.2 UDP End-To-End 434

W I D E P R O J E C T DVTS 0.015 0.01 0.005 Jitter with Packet Loss jitter packet loss 70 60 50 40 26 0-0.005-0.01-0.015 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 RTCP Packet Count 30 20 10 8.1. Rapid Burst Traffic 8.

17 W I D E P R O J E C T DVTS Jitter with Packet Loss jitter packet loss RTCP Packet Count Rapid Burst Traffic 8.3 (DV with NetPerf) 8.1 DV NetPerf Jitter with Packet Loss jitter packet loss DV DV RTCP Packet Count 8.2. Continual Burst Traffic (DV with DV) DVTS

18 26 DV RTCP Realtime Transport Control Protocol _ratechange(i) RTCP SR(Sender Report W I D E P R O J E C T a n n u a l r e p o r t RTCP RR(Receiver Report 1. RTCP SR 2. RTCP SR 3. RTCP SR RTCP RR 6. RTCP RR DV/RTP < rate < 30 NO YES rate_limit < rate NO YES rate = old_rate + i FreeBSD-4.7R IEEE1394 Patched gcc DVTS dvts-1.0a

19 W I D E P R O J E C T 26 get jitter get jitter J = j1+j2+j3+j4+j5 J = j1+j2+j3+j4+j5 J / 5 > Jth_max NO J / 5 < Jth_min NO YES YES _ratechange(+1) _ratechange(-1) 8.5. Rate-up by jitter 8.6. Rate-down by Jitter get Packet Loss loss_count > Lth_a NO get Packet Loss YES no_loss_count > Lth_c NO loss_count > Lth_b NO YES rate_limit + 1 _ratechange(+1) 8.7. Rate-up by Packetloss DFCS DVTS 8.1. CAM MV-EX21 M/C ADVC-100 M/C DVMC-DA1 M/C DVMC-DA2 YES no_loss_count > Lth_d NO YES j < jth NO rate_limit - 1 YES _ratechange(-1) 8.8. Rate-down by Jitter/Loss DV 2 DV TCP 8.7 DVTS

20 26 15Mbps Traffic Shaping DV STREAM 150ms delay increased DV STREAM (1/f) (bytes) (1/f) (bytes) W I D E P R O J E C T a n n u a l r e p o r t (1/f) (1/f) t (sec) framerate dv-stream Result of Eval.1 (Decreasing Bandwidth) DV STREAM #2 DV STREAM # t (sec) sender #1 sender # Result of Eval.3 (DV with DV:Framerate) TCP STREAM (FTP) DV STREAM (bytes) (bytes) (bytes) t (sec) framerate dv-stream Result of Eval.2 (Increasing DelayTime) DV STREAM #2 DV STREAM # sender #1 t (sec) sender # Result of Eval.3 (DV with DV:Traffic) TCP STREAM (FTP) DV STREAM framerate t (sec) dv-stream t (sec) dv-stream tcp-stream Result of Eval Result of Eval.4 (DV with TCP:Framerate) (DV with TCP:Traffic) DVTS EmbededDVTS DVTS 438

DVTS Consumer DV Camera IEEE1394 Cable Internet Consumer DV Deck IEEE1394 Cable DV Internet PC Internet DV PC

DVTS Digital Video Transport System Akimichi@sfc.wide.ad.jp DVTS Consumer DV Camera IEEE1394 Cable Internet Consumer DV Deck IEEE1394 Cable DV Internet PC Internet DV PC DVTS Consumer DV Camera IEEE1394