66, 温水銅配管の孔食に及ぼす酸化物および各種イオンの影響 Influence of Oxide and Various Anions on Pitting Corrosion of Copper Tubes in Hot Water Hidefu

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1 66, 温水銅配管の孔食に及ぼす酸化物および各種イオンの影響 Influence of Oxide and Various Anions on Pitting Corrosion of Copper Tubes in Hot Water Hidefumi Yamanaka 1, Takahiro Fujimoto 1, Tomoyuki Nagai 1 and Hidemasa Nonaka 2 1 Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. 2 formerly Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. * 責任著者 (Corresponding Author) Torishima, Konohana-ku, Osaka, , Japan yamanaka@osakagas.co.jp Investigation to clarify the influence of various kinds of oxide deposit and anions chloride ion, sulfate ion, and bicarbonate ion in hot water on pitting corrosion of copper tubes was carried out. Anodic polarization and potentiostatic polarization measurements at critical pitting potential of 150 mv SCE using copper tube specimen with various kinds of oxide artificially deposited were made. It was found that pitting corrosion rate of the specimen was accelerated by artificial deposit of oxide and changed depending on kinds of oxide. It was also found that the anodic current in potensiostatic 1000 hour polarization was composed mainly of film formation current at the beginning of the polarization and was composed mainly of pitting corrosion current in the last stage of the polarization. In the synthetic solutions of various concentrations of chloride ion, sulfate ion and bicarbonate ion, potentiostatic polarization measurements of the specimen with CuO deposited were made. As a result, it was clearly shown that chloride ion had a more significant influence on pitting corrosion current of copper compared to sulfate ion. Key words : copper, pitting corrosion, type, oxide, anion, potentiostatc polarization, pitting corrosion current, corrosiveness, index 1. 緒言 1 2 Campbell 3 Type Cu 4 SO 4 OH 6, Brochantite Type HCO 3 /SO mv vs. SCE HCO 3 /SO ph Type 2. 実験方法 2.1 試験片および試験水 12.7 mm 11.4 mm JIS H 3300 C mm 1.8 cm Table 1 11 Nakajima

2 Vol. 66, No Diagram 10 Type Table Table Table 1 Chemical compositions of tap water at Osaka city. 2.2 模擬実験に用いた酸化物と酸化物の試験片への付着のための前処理方法 Type 12 Type 4 Fig μm 12.0 μm Al 2 O μm CP SiO μm g 0.25 g SiO g Al 2 O g Table 2 Chemical compositions of test solutions.

3 330 Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of test specimen with artificial deposit. 0.4 ml 313 K h 2.3 アノード分極曲線 5 Fig. 2 1 l 50 ml/min 333 K Pt K 2 h 20 mv/min 333 K Ag/AgCl /KCl 0.1 mol/ l Ag/AgCl/KCl Sat. 333 K Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of experimental cell for polarization measurement. 2.4 定電位保持実験および試験片の分析 Type mv mv vs. SCE h 200 mv 1000 h 2000 Cu O Cl S EPMA 3. 結果および考察 3.1 アノード分極曲線 Fig. 3 As polished Without oxide IR 5 IR 200 mv CuO Al 2 O 3 Cu 2 O SiO 2 SiO 2 CuO 1630 Ω Al 2 O Ω Cu 2 O 1670 Ω SiO Ω IR CuO 164 mv Al 2 O mv Cu 2 O 99 mv SiO 2 52 mv 5 Cu/CuCl IR 130 mv SiO 2 IR IR SiO

4 Vol. 66, No Fig. 3 Anodic polarization curves of specimens in tap water. 1/10 10 % SiO 2 SiO 2 SiO 2 SiO 2 CuO 10 SiO 定電位保持実験 アノード電流 Fig mv 200 h 400 h N h h N 3 Fig. 5 σ Fig. 4 Time dependence of anodic current density at 200 mv of pitting potential in tap water. (a) Cu 2 O, CuO, As polished (b) SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, Without Oxide Fig. 5 Time average of anodic current density from 500 h to 1000 h polarization at 200mV in tap water. CuO Al 2 O 3 Cu 2 O SiO 2

5 材料と環境 332 類により影響度が異なる機構については 酸化物粒子の イオン選択透過性 水が含浸した状態における酸化物の ph やアノード部の腐食電位などが考えられるが それら については今後の課題である 断面分析 酸化物を付着させた試験片の定電位保持実験後の断面 観察結果 代表例としてアノード電流の最も大きな CuO と 最 も 小 さ な SiO2 を Fig. 6 に 示 す 電 流 値 が 最 大 の CuO と最小の SiO2 では 明らかに腐食の程度が異なり CuO に 比 べ SiO2 で は 腐 食 が 軽 微 で あ っ た Fig. 7 に CuO を付着させた試験片の断面元素分布結果を示す CuO と試験片との界面では 銅管の内面側が孔食状に腐 食減肉しており 孔食内部では酸素のほかに塩化物が濃 縮していた また 孔食上部では 銅と酸素のほかに 硫黄が瘡蓋状に分布していた このような腐食減肉部に おける元素の分布状況は 定性的にはほかの酸化物の試 験片でも同様に見られ 実際に温水が流れる銅配管で発 生した孔食 Type Ⅱ の状況 4 と類似していた 一方 研 磨試験片および研磨固着試験片では 孔食状の腐食減肉 はほとんど見られなかった 以上より 酸化物を付着さ せることによって Type Ⅱの孔食の成長が促進される ことがわかった Fig. 6 EPMA mapping results of specimen with deposit of CuO after 1000 h polarization at 200mV in tap water. Fig 各種イオンの孔食電流への影響 塩化物イオン 硫酸イオン 炭酸水素イオンの 影響 上記 2.2 の酸化銅 Ⅱ を表面に付着させた試験片を用 い Table 2 で示した調製水中で 2.4 に示した定電位保持 実験を行い アノード電流密度の h の平均値を 求めた 試験後には試験片表面の状態を確認し いずれ も腐食 孔食が発生しており アノード電流が大きい試 験片では顕著な腐食が確認された 各調製水中での定電 位保持実験におけるアノード電流密度の平均値 Table 2 右欄参照 と各イオン濃度 当量濃度 meq/l 以下同様 と 式 の関係について重回帰分析 15 を行った 重回帰式を 1 とし 目的変数 y をアノード電流密度の平均値 説明変 塩化物イオン 硫酸イオ 数 X1 X3 を各種イオン濃度 ン 炭酸水素イオン として 重回帰分析ソフトを用いて 重回帰分析を行った アノード電流密度の実測値と 1 式 で与えられる予測値 目的変数 の差が最少となるように最 を求めた 小 2 乗法により偏回帰係数 b0 b1 b2 b3 1 y b0 b1 X1 b2 X2 b3 X3 y 目的変数 X1 X3 説明変数 b0 b3 偏回帰係数 その結果 アノード電流密度の推定値 ia の重回帰式 は 以下の式で表される ia 塩化物イオン濃度 1.2 硫 酸イオン濃度 3.8 炭酸水素イオン濃度 2 この式から 塩化物イオンと硫酸イオンはアノード電 流を増大 孔食の成長を促進 させる因子であり 炭酸水 素イオンはアノード電流を減少 孔食の成長を抑制 させ る因子であると言える また 硫酸イオンの係数は塩化 物イオンの係数の約 0.2 倍であり 塩化物イオンのほう が孔食の成長に大きく影響することがわかった 2 式の 重回帰式によるアノード電流密度の推定値と定電位保持 実験での実測値 h の平均値 との関係を Fig.8 に示す なお 図中の番号は Table 2 の溶液条件の番号 と対応する 今回の試験濃度の範囲内においてアノー ド電流密度の推定値と実測値とがおおむね対応している ことがわかる Cross sectional observation of specimens after 1000 h polarization at 200 mv in tap water.

6 Vol. 66, No Fig. 10 Occurrence distribution of pitting corrosion failures of copper tubes in hot water vs. index X. Fig. 8 Comparison between measured anodic current density and anodic current density estimated by multiple regression analysis. ( Numbers in this figure refer to numbers of test solutions in Table 2.) 溶液の腐食性を表す指数の提案 Type 11 3 X A h A A 0.2 Fig. 9 Table X A 0.2 Type Type No X Fig % X X 4. まとめ Type 1 2 Type 3 CuO 4 Type Fig. 9 Relationship between the index X and time average of anodic current density from 500 h to 1000 h polarization at 200mV. ( Numbers in this figure refer to numbers of test solutions in Table 2.) 参考文献 1 Y. Yamada and K. Kouno, Proc. 152nd Symposium, JSCE, pp S. Yamauchi and S. Sato, Boshoku-Gijutsu presently Zairyo-to-Kankyo, 30 [1] p H. S. Campbell, Water Treatment and Examination, 20, pp S. Sato, T. Minamoto, K. Seki, H. Yamamoto, Y. Yakizawa, S. Okada, S. Yamauchi, Y. Hisamitsu, I. Suzuki, T. Fujii, T.

7 334 Kodama, H. Baba and K. Nawata, Boshoku-Gijutsu presently Zairyo-to-Kankyo, 31 [1] p H. Baba, T. Kodama, T. Fujii, Y. Hisamatsu and Y. Ishikawa, Boshoku-Gijutsu presently Zairyo-to-Kankyo, 30 [2] p H. Baba, T. Kodama, T. Fujii and Y. Hisamatsu, Boshoku- Gijutsu presently Zairyo-to-Kankyo, 30 [3] p S. Komukai and K. Kasahara, Zairyo-to-Kankyo, 43 [4] p T. Hosoki and A. Ishibashi, Copper and Copper Alloy, 46 [1] p K. Hosoya and H. Nakajima, Proc. JSCE Materials and Environments 2002, JSCE, pp H. Nakajima, Proc. JSCE Materials and Environments 2009, JSCE, pp E. Mattsson and A. M. Fredriksson, Brit. Corrosion Journal, 3, p T. Notoya, Bulletin of the Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, No.146, p H. Baba, T. Kodama and T. Fujii, Boshoku-Gijutsu presently Zairyo-to-Kankyo, 36 [4] p T. Sunaba, T. Fujii and K. Tachibana, Zairyo-to-Kankyo, 56 [2], p K.Sobue, S. Magaino, A. Sugahara and H. Imai, Zairyo-to- Kankyo, 51 [6] p H. Nakajima, Corrosion Center News, No.54, pp , PDF/54003.pdf Manuscript received March 14, 2017; in final form August 2, 2017 要 旨 CuO キーワード Type

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