- October - GRP Gross Regional Product:

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2 - October - GRP Gross Regional Product:

3 National Statistical Office,B,B,B,B National Statistical Office Alpha Research Co.,Ltd. rai =. ha kg kg kg National Statistical Office [ ] /. kg.

4 - October. National Statistical Office Alpha Research Co.,Ltd Alpha Research Co., Ltd. Shigetomi [ ]:,,B,B,B,B Alpha Research Co.,Ltd.,,B,B,B,B,B,B

5 ,B,B,B,B,B,B,B,B,B,B National Statistical Office [ ], [ ] Population and Housing Census Roi Et

6 - October Chaturaphak Phiman N National Statistical Office [ ], [ ] NAIC Newly Agro-Industrializing Country Shigetomi op.cit.:-. Khon Kaen D N D

7 - - N D N D

8 - October D D D thang = kg[ ] Nabangchang - NAIC NICs Shigetomi op.cit.gdp GDP Shigetomi op.cit.

9 GRP Chon Buri Lamphun - N B B

10 - October... kg. kg..national Statistical Office [ ],[ ] - N

11 / / / / / / / / / / /,,,,,,,,,,, Alpha Research Co.,Ltd.. - -,B,B,B Gross Provincial Product GPP Roi-Et Provincial Statistical Office km

12 - October / / / / / / / ROI-ET PROVINCIAL STATISTICAL OFFICE.,,,,,. / / / / / / ROI-ET PROVINCIAL STATISTICAL OFFICE.,,,,,. N.. Yasothon

13 B S

14 - October B B B B~B B D N Ayutthaya

15 B B B N

16 - October. FAO WAPIC Update / FAO HOTNAM News

17 Bung Kan Nong Khai, B B N B,B,B B B Tak K NTT ~ miya/ isaricehtml/isanricecul.htm NAIC

18 - October [ ] Alpha Research Co.,Ltd.,Thailand in Figures -..,Thailand in Figures -..,Thailand in Figures -..,Thailand in Figures -. Nabangchang, Orapin,, Demand-driven research on agricultural production technologies: The paradigm shift in the Thai Ministry of Agriculture and Cooporatives principles and approaches, in Andreas Neef ed., Participatory approaches for sustainable land use in Southeast Asia, White Lotus Press. Nakada, Yoshiaki,, When Does a Farmer Sell Rice?: A Case Study in a Village in Yasothon Province, Northeast Thailand, Southeast Asian Studies, Vol., No.. National Statistical Office, [ ], The Agriculture Intercensal Survey: Whole kingdom., [ ], The Household Socio-Economic Survey: Whole Kingdom., [ ], The Household Socio-Economic Survey: Northeastern Region., [ ], The Agriculture Intercensal Survey: Northeastern Region.,, Statistical Yearbook Thailand. Roi-Et Provincial Statistical Office,, Statistical Report of Changwat.,, Statistical Report of Changwat.,, Provincial Statistical Report.,, Provincial Statistical Report.,, Provincial Statistical Report.,, Provincial Statistical Report. Shigetomi, Shinichi, [ ], Four Decades of Development in Thailand s Rural Sector and the Role of Government, in Takamasa Akiyama and Donald F. Larson ed., Rural Development and Agricultural Growth in Indonesia, The Philippines and Thailand, Asia Pacific Press. Shigetomi, Shinichi,, Rural organizations and development: the social background for collective action, ibid.

Nabangchang, Orapin,, Demand-driven research on agricultural production technologies: The paradigm shift in the Thai Ministry of Agriculture and Cooporatives principles and approaches, in Andreas

19 Changes in Rice Farming in Northeastern Thailand Thailand has long maintained the top position among rice exporting countries, since The largest rice planting and harvesting area is in the northeastern region. It is called Isan, which is a colloquial expression considered to be equivalent in meaning to the word poor. Rice farming in Isan is still a key industry for all expansion of industrialization. The means of rice farming, however, has changed considerably over the last three decades. The process of change is as described below. Traditional cultivation of rice fields was practiced mainly by use of water buffalo, family and kin, and mutual help provided in villages through the 1980s. This was the first stage. This method of cultivation was considerably changed in the latter half of the 1990s. This was the second stage. Traditional cultivation was replaced by a combination of family members, some wage laborers and agricultural machinery. The third stage came ten years later. Cultivation is now carried out mostly by wage laborers, some family members and agricultural machinery. Wage rates have increased rapidly from the second to the third stage. The former rate was equivalent to the minimum wage level of the province, while the latter has almost doubled that. This initial expenditure is an essential condition for rice farming now. Rice farming in most of Isan depends entirely on rainwater. It is an unavoidable fact that the region suffers from a drought every few years. It seems that rice farming is a gamble. But villagers will never give up rice farming. In accordance with the increase of initial cost, rice cultivating methods are also changing. Rice cultivation is changing from rice transplantation to direct sowing. The latter method, saving an initial cost, started four or five years ago, and it is expanding year by year in the district. Villagers in the greater part of Isan live on glutinous rice that they prefer to non-glutinous rice. They are, however, planting non-glutinous rice much more than glutinous rice these days. The reason is that the former can be sold at a higher price. It is linked directly with an increase of income. With increased planting of non-glutinous rice, the way of life is slowly transforming. Many villagers now eat non-glutinous rice once a day, mainly for supper. From the viewpoint of how this has changed the labor force in rice farming, it may indicate what the villages will be like in the near future. TAKEUCHI Takao, Professor, College of International Relations, Ritsumeikan University

Rice farming in Isan is still a key industry for all expansion of industrialization. The means of rice farming, however, has changed considerably over the last three decades.

-March N ~......... : National Statistical Office,n.d., Population & Housing Census Whole Kingdom National Statistical Office,, Population & Housing C

joint family : -March N ~......... : National Statistical Office,n.d., Population & Housing Census Whole Kingdom National Statistical Office,, Population & Housing Census Whole Kingdom National Statistical