遊園地における虚構性の研究

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1 I 26 9 Isao Ogawa / / ASUKA summer / No.404

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14 The Study of Fictitiousness in Theme Parks True-False Discussion of Nara Dream Land from a Tourism-Sociological Viewpoint Isao Ogawa This paper aims to explore fictitiousness in tourism and chooses the Nara Dream Land theme park, which the author describes as a copy of the original U.S. Disneyland Resort, as the object of study. The author discusses such matters as the relationship between the original and the copy, whether there were any connections between the creator of the original and the founders of the copy, and the chasm of understanding that existed between the two parties. Nara Dream Land was founded by Kunizo Matsuo. Deeply inspired by what he saw at Disneyland in the United States, Matsuo set out to build its copy in Japan with the sheer desire to share the same exciting experience with Japanese children. The park, however, has often been held in a negative light, with the dominant view being it was an unofficial imitation, one that hindered the efforts years later to open the official Disneyland in Tokyo. The park was also criticized for having ruined the valuable historical sites featured in ancient manyo waka poems. Matsuo s autobiography and statements of people close to him indicate that he met Walt Disney in 1958 and secured Disney s commitment to provide some kind of assistance in building Nara Dream Land. Their accounts can be confirmed in several newspaper articles of the time, but the facts are elusive. Around the same time, the Yomiuri Shimbun Corporation was also vying to win Disney s cooperation for a plan to build a large amusement park by leveraging business contacts with the Nippon Television Network. Of the 20 founders of original Dreamland Corporation, the company that erected Nara Dream Land, the author takes a particular interest in Masaichi Nagata, president of the Daiei Motion Picture Company. Nagata acquired Disney s film distribution rights during his 1949 visit to the United States and subsequently his company launched a foreign film division. He also engaged in Disney character licensing and later helped promote Tokyo Disneyland in accordance with the agreement with the Walt Disney Company headquarters. While recruiting potential investors for Dreamland Corporation, Nagata claimed that he introduced Matsuo to his close friend Walt at the time of Matsuo s trip to America and that Matsuo acquired Disney s permission to open a reproduction in Japan. Given that Nagata was one of the few businessmen in Japan with a strong connection to Walt Disney, and one who made regular visits to the U.S. Disneyland, it can be presumed that his name appearing on the list of founders as well as his active support for the proposed park was enough to convince people that Nara Dream Land was not a copy but an official reproduction of the U.S. original. In other words, Nagata s role was akin to that of an apparent representative. The Study of Fictitiousness in Theme Parks Isao Ogawa 077

The author discusses such matters as the relationship between the original and the copy, whether there were any connections between the creator of the original and the founders of the copy, and the

15 The majestic railway station building situated at the Nara Dream Land entrance is said to have been designed by a famous architect when he accompanied Matsuo on his U.S. trip. The railroad encircling the park is a standard feature in all Disneyland parks around the world, except for Tokyo Disneyland, and the park in Nara also adhered to this style marked by the founder s love of trains. The author speculates that Matsuo, a former boss of a traveling theater troupe, flew to the U.S. with henchmen in a show of Japanese Jingi, and perhaps assumed that giving his park an entrance gateway identical to the original was sufficient to make it a Disneyland reproduction. Nara Dream Land is a negative legacy and a symbol that Japan, in the years Nara Dream Land was being developed, had not yet reached the level of social maturity that ensured the protection of intellectual property rights. The park nevertheless had a significant impact on numerous aspects of Tokyo Disneyland, from its planning and establishment to designs, and for this reason, the author argues that the now desolate park, and in particular, the station building of the park-encircling railroad, not having undergone any kind of renovations since first built, merits recognition as industrial heritage representative of the Japanese theme park industry. 078 THE HIKONE RONSO 2015 summer / No.404

love of trains. The author speculates that Matsuo, a former boss of a traveling theater troupe, flew to the U.S.

16 The Study of Fictitiousness in Theme Parks Isao Ogawa 079

( 1981a 194) Ⅱ. 注意深い読み手としての岡本

( 1981a 194) Ⅱ. 注意深い読み手としての岡本 Review of Asian and Pacific Studies No. 41 1 To Live Together with Okinawa : A Study of Okamoto Keitoku s On Okinawa Note * Katsunao Murakami Abstract Okamoto Keitoku is a famous literary researcher in