Table 1 Source of 1,898 strains of Vibrio cholerae non-o1 non-o139

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1 Key words : Vibrio cholerae non-o1 non-o139, serogroup, cholera toxin, NAG-ST

2 Table 1 Source of 1,898 strains of Vibrio cholerae non-o1 non-o139

3 Table 2 O-serogroup of 1,898 strains of Vibrio cholerae non-o1 non-o139 isolated from various sources

5 Table 3 Reference strains for new O-serogroup of Vibrio cholerae *CT positive strain

6 Table 4 O-serogroups of CT gene positive and CT producing strains of Vibrio cholerae non-o1 non- Table 5 O-serogroups of NAG-ST gene positive strains of Vibrio cholerae non-o1 non-o139

8 Curr Microbiol 1994 ; 29 : ) Miyagi K, Mastumoto Y, Hayashi K et al.: Cholera diagnosed in clinical laboratory by DNA hybridisation. Lancet 1992 ; 339 : ) Takeda T, Yuan P, Ogawa A et al. : Detec- of heat-stable enterotoxin in a cholera tion toxin gene-positive strain of Vibrio cholerae 11) Desmarchelier RM, Reichelt JL : A phenotypic and genetic study of sucrose nonfermenting strains of Vibrio mimicus and Vibrio cholerae. Curr Microbiol 1984 ; 10 : ) Shimada T, Sakazaki R : R antigen of Vibrio 2) Shimada T, Nair GB, Deb BC, Albert MJ, Sack cholerae. Jpn J Med Biol 1973 ; 26 : RB, Takeda Y : Outbreak of Vibrio cholerae 13) Dalsgaard A, Albert MJ, Taylor DN et al.: non-o1 in India and Bangladesh. Lancet 1993; Characterization of Vibrio cholerae non : 137. sero-groups obtained from an outbreak of diarrhea in Lima, Peru. J Clin Microbiol 1994 ; 33: 3) Sakazaki R, Shimada T : Vibrio species as causative agents of food-borne infection. In: Robinson RK, ed. Developments in food microbiology. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, 1986 ; ) Kosako Y, Sakazaki R, Yoshizaki E : Yokenella regensburgei gen. nov, sp. nov. A new genus and species in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Jpn J Med Sci Biol 1984 ; 37 : ) Shimada T, Arakawa E, Itoh K et al.: Extended serotyping scheme for Vibrio cholerae. Curr Microbiol 1994 ; 28 : ) Shimada T, Arakawa E, Itoh K et al. : Two strains of Vibrio cholerae non-o1 possessing somatic (O) antigen factors in common with V. cholerae serogroup O139 synonym "Bengal".

9 Distribution of Serogroups of Vibrio cholerae non-o1 non-o139 with Specific Reference to Their Ability to Produce Cholera Toxin, and Addition of Novel Serogroups Shiro YAMAI1), Tadayuki OKITSU1), Toshio SHIMADA2) & Yasuji KATSUBE3) Department of Bacteriology and Pathology, Kanagawa Prefectural Public Health Laboratory Department of Enteric Infection 1, National Institute of Infectious Disease Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, College of Bioresouce Sciences, University of Nihon A total of 1898 strains of Vibrio cholerae non-o1 non-o139, which had been collected worldwide for the past 3 year period of , were serogrouped. The strains were also examined for presence of cholera toxin (CT) gene (ctx) and NAG-ST gene, and strains which carried the ctx were further analyzed for their ability to produce CT. In addition, attempts were made to establish novel serogroups for those serologically untypable strains. Of those examined, 1,774 strains of V. cholerae non-o1 non-o139 was classified into 128 known serogroups while 50 strains were found to belong to R type, and the rest of the 74 strains could not be serotyped. Distribution of the serogroups did not seem to correspond to either the strains' geographic distribution or sources of isolation. Of those serologically untypable strains, 38 novel serogroups (O156-O193) were established and added to our reference of V. cholerae antigenic schema. It was also found that antisera raised against many V. cholerae strains included R antibodies. This indicates that any V. cholerae antisera for diagnostic purpose should be absorbed with the reference R strains, CA385, before use. There were luminescence producing strains among those sucrose and VP reaction negative strains. Subsequent DNA/DNA homology analysis revealed that they were identified as V. cholerae. This points to a possibility that strains tentatively identified as Vibrio mimicus by conventional biochemical tests may have included luminescent strains of V. cholerae. It is thus highly recommended that strains in question should be tested for the luminescence production in order to differentiate V. cholerae from V. mimicus. Of those 1989 strains examined, 37 strains (ca. 2%) were found to produce CT. Interestingly, CT producing strains were prevalent in serogroup O141 ; 10 strains out of 16 strains (63%) were positive for CT. The evidence calls for a caution to possible occurrence of cholera-like diarrhea caused by V. cholerae O141 in the future.

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