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1 German-Japanese Energy Transition Council GJETC 4th Council Meeting, 14th - 15th February 218 Input papers -2 Study on Health co-benefits to promote energy efficient housing retrofit in Japan N Ikaga Lab., Keio University Toshiharu IKAGA Professor, Head of Department of System Design Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University 1
2 A nnual CO2 emissions (million t-co 2 /year) Household CO 2 emissions toward Beijing 1. Shangha i Taipei Shenyang P yongyang Seoul Pusan Fukuoka Okinawa -57% Vladivostok Nagoya Osaka Tokyo Yuzhno Sakhalinsk Sapporo 12 E % 8% 6% 4% 2% % Energy saving Photo voltaics Solar heat Lighting Sanitary Amusement Refrigerator Cooking Domestic Hot Water Supply Space Cooling Space Heating A nnual CO2 emissions (million t-co 2 /year) A nnua l CO2 emissions (million t-co 2/year) Hokkaido -61% Tokyo -59% % 8% 6% 4% 2% % 1% 8% 6% 4% 2% % Energy saving Energy saving Photo voltaics Solar heat Lighting Sanitary Amusement Refrigerator Cooking Domestic Hot Water Supply Space Cooling Space Heating Photo voltaics Solar heat Lighting Sanitary Amusement Refrigerator Cooking Domestic Hot Water Supply Space Cooling Space Heating This research was supported by the Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport as a part of "Research project on household energy consumption in Japan (Project leader: Prof.Shuzo Murakami). and the global environment research fund (GERF) prepared by the Ministry of Environment as a part of the "Japan low carbon society scenarios toward 25 (Project leader: Dr. Shuzo Nishioka)". Ikaga Lab., Keio University 2
3 Energy Use in Residential Sector& Winter Death USA UK France Germany Japan Annual Energy Use per household (GJ/household/year) Space heating Space cooling Hot water Cooking Lighting & Appliances 29 Annual Report of the Chief Medical Officer, Dept. of Health, UK Excesswintermortalityasthepercentage increase over non-winter deaths(%) 28% in Portugal Ikaga Lab., Keio University % in Germany 1% in Finland
4 Excess winter mortality by prefecture in Japan Excesswintermortalityasthepercentage increase over non-winter deaths(%) Injuries Other Diseases Chest Infection Stroke Heart Attack 1.27 million death in a year and.47 million death in winter 214 6% 1% in Hokkaido Tochigi Hokkaido 25% in Tochigi Source: Vital Statistics, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare 214 Ikaga Lab., Keio University 4
5 High insulated Homes could reduce EWM? Okinawa in sub tropical climate 27N 45N Hiroshima Nagasaki 25N Excess winter mortality 17.5% all over Japan Okinawa in sub tropical climate Kyot o 5k m Toky o Excess winter mortality(%) Source: Vital Statistics, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare N 1% in Hokkaido 4N 35N 3N 45N Excess winter mortality (%) Nagasaki 25N Proportion of high insulated Homes 23.9% all over Japan Kyot o Toky o Hiroshima 5km Sapporo 16% in Tochigi 8% in Hokkaido Sendai Penetration rate 4N 35N 3N Proportion of high insulated Homes (%) Ikaga Lab., Keio University 5
6 健康 省エネ住宅を推進する国 会議一般社団法人 NationalAssemblyPromotingHealthyandEnergyConservingHousing Smart Wellness Housing Survey on Changes in Residents Health by Insulation Retrofit of Houses in Japan: Study Profiles of Non-Randomized Controlled Trial Questionnaire survey Health examination Home blood pressure monitor Physical activity meter Thermo-hygrometer Supported by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Ikaga Lab., Keio University 6
7 Intervention study on insulation retrofits of 18 homes and 36 residents health in Japan Long-term cohort study Before & after retrofit study Houses due for a retrofit in 1-2 years Retrofit 18 Energy-saving standard Sstandard Astandard Less than Astandard Retrofit Not retrofitted Random sampling 4 Follow -up Follow -up Follow -up Follow -up Plan to collect data on insulation and health by follow-up examinati ons within the next decade Home blood pressure Wake time, bedtime Physical activity Pedometer, EX, calories Temperature, humidity Living, bedroom, bathroom, near floor Questionnaire survey on health maintenance Ikaga Lab., Keio University 7
8 Numbers of Homes 2 15 Living room air temperature in winter 1,642homes Average 17.1 Cumulative frequency(%) 1% 8% 15 Numbers of Homes 2 1,642 homes Average 12.9 Cumulative frequency(%) 1% 9% 8% 1 6% 56% 1 6% 4% 4% 5 2% 5 2% % % Average Living room air temperature ( ) Minimum Living room air temperature ( ) Ikaga Lab., Keio University 8
9 Bed/ Dressing room air temperature in winter Numbers of Cumulative Homes frequency(%) ,642 Homes Average % 9% 8% 15 Numbers of Homes 2 1,638 Homes Average 12.7 Cumulative frequency(%) 1% 9% 8% 6% 6% 1 1 4% 4% 5 2% 5 2% % % Bed room air temperature ( ) Dressing room air temperature ( ) Ikaga Lab., Keio University 9
![JSH214 家庭血圧 血圧基準 [1] 135 mmhg (18., 1.](/docs-images/90/101390345/images/10-5.jpg ") の時 132mmHg 1 1 18. 2 (18., 18.")
10 Multilevel model of morning systolic blood pressure morning systolic blood pressure(sbp) 14 mmhg (Male, 57years old) その他の変数は 本調査で得られた平均的な男性のデータをモデルに投入野菜 ( よく べる ) 運動 ( なし ) 喫煙 ( なし ) 飲酒 ( 毎 ) 降圧剤 ( なし ) BMI/ 塩分チェック得点 / 睡眠の質 / 睡眠時間 / 前夜の飲酒有無 ( 男性調査対象者の平均値を投入 ) 外気温 ( 全調査対象者の平均値を投入 ) JSH214 家庭血圧 血圧基準 [1] 135 mmhg (18., 1.) の時 132mmHg (18., 18.) の時 13mmHg 居間寝室 (25., 25.) の時 128mmHg morning systolic blood pressure [mmhg] [1] JSH214( 本 血圧学会 : 血圧治療ガイドライン 214) 25 1
11 morning systolic blood pressure [mmhg] Multilevel model of morning systolic blood pressure 歳 7 歳 6 歳 5 歳 4 歳 3 歳 8 歳の時点では 11.2mmHg 上昇 /2 1 6 歳の時点では 8.5mmHg 上昇 /2 1 3 歳の時点では 4.5mmHg 上昇 / Living Room air Temp [ ] JSH214 家庭血圧 血圧基準 [1] 135 mmhg 調査の平均年齢 57 歳 ( 点線 ) [1] JSH214( 本 血圧学会 : 血圧治療ガイドライン 214) その他の変数は 本調査で得られた平均的な男性のデータをモデルに投入野菜 ( よく べる ) 運動 ( なし ) 喫煙 ( なし ) 飲酒 ( 毎 ) 降圧剤 ( なし ) BMI/ 塩分チェック得点 / 睡眠の質 / 睡眠時間 / 前夜の飲酒有無 ( 男性調査対象者の平均値を投入 ) 外気温 / 居間寝室温度差 ( 全調査対象者の平均値を投入 ) 11
![systolic blood pressure [mmhg] 13](/docs-images/90/101390345/images/12-1.jpg "129 128 127 126 125 改修前 -2.")
12 SBP decrease after insulation retrofit Before retrofit morning systolic blood pressure [mmhg] 改修前 -2.8 mmhg 断熱改修前後の変化 -1.9 mmhg 室温上昇量に応じた変化 -.9 mmhg (=-.37mmHg/ 2.5 ) 改修後 After retrofit 説明変数選択肢モデル 1 ( 室温投入なし ) モデル 2 ( 居間室温投入 ) モデル 3 ( 周囲室温投入 ) 改修断熱改修 [1] 改修なし あり -2.1 ** -1.9 * -1.4 n.s. 気温 室温変化量 ( ) ** -.69 ** 外気温変化量 ( ) -.9 n.s..5 n.s..13 n.s. adjusting for 年齢 BMI 世帯所得 塩分チェック得点 野菜摂取 汗かく運動 喫煙 飲酒 ピッツバーグ得点の変化量 n=497 * p<.5, ** p<.1 12
13 Healthy Japan 21 excludes warm home In Healthy Japan 21, a reduction in average systolic blood pressure by 4 mm" prevents an estimated 15, deaths from cardiovascular disease over a year. Nutrition and dietary Physical activity Alcohol drinking -2.3mmHg -1.5mmHg -.12mmHg -4mm by improvement of life-style Tobacco smoking Hypertension Rest -1.8mm by housing insulation Warm home -1.8mmHg Prevents 7, deaths additionally Source: The second term of National Health Promotion Movement in the twenty first century: Health Japan 21, the second term, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare 212 Ikaga Lab., Keio University 13
14 Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 17H6151 (Toshiharu IKAGA, Keio University) Field survey on Impact of living environments on brain, cardiovascular, respiratory and locomotive system, and cobenefit evaluation of disease and long-term care prevention STEP1 Baseline study Office, School Workplace productivity, Presenteeism Fatigue recovery Mental stress Blood pressure, Sleep efficiency, physical activity etc. Home Prospective cohort study Onset of disease or long-term care Care facility, Hospital Died Retrospective cohort study STEP2 Cohort / Intervention study Cardio meter Physical activity meter Electroencephalogram Questionnaire survey Medical examination Home blood pressure monitor Sleep meter Thermo-hygrometer Magnetic resonance image scanner STEP3 Co-benefit evaluation of disease/care prevention
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