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1 9 3 Natural Resource Environment and Humans No., March. pp MIS , 9, ka9 ka,,,,,,, X TcX,, TcX, TcX ma98@mics.meiji.ac.jp 9

2 ,, m Single Origin Model Foley and Lahr 997: TcX MIS 3 modern humans e. g. Mellars 989a989b, Habgood and Franklin 8, Norton and Jin 9, Bae, James 9 ka TcX TcX MIS 3 ab OIS MIS 3 TcBBII MIS 3 MIS , 993 m TcBBII Tn AT , 99993, 993, b,, 79

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14 99 3, 79 cf. TcX TcIX TcX 9 TcX 3 MIS C 3 pp pp.. Bae. K. Origin and patterns of the Upper Paleolithic industries in the Korean Peninsula and movement of modern humans in East Asia. In Quaternary International : pp AT pp AT pp. 33. Foley, R. and Lahr, M. M. 997 Mode 3 technologies and the evolution of modern humans. In Cambridge Ar-

15 chaeological Journal 7: pp pp. 3. Habgood, R. J. and Franklin, N. R. 8 The revolution that didn t arrive: A review of Pleistocene Sahul. In Journal of Human Evolution : pp. 87. pp pp AT 39 pp pp pp. 7. pp. 3. pp a b pp , pp pp.. 98 James, H. V. A. The emergence of modern human behavior in South Asia: a review of the current evidence and discussion of its possible implications. In Petraglia, M. D. and Allchin, B. eds. The Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia: pp. 7. Springer. 9 pp pp pp pp pp.. 8 ka pp.. pp pp pp pp. 3. pp. 7. pp. 3. Mellars, P. 989a Technological changes across the Middle Palaeolithic transition : economic, social and cognitive perspectives. In Mellars, P. and Stringer, C. eds. The Human Revolution :pp Princeton University Press. Mellars, P. 989b Major issues in the emergence of modern humans. In Current Anthropology 3: pp No pp pp

16 No. pp X pp pp.. 99 pp PA pp pp. 8. Norton, C. J. and JIN, J. J. H. 9 The evolution of modern human behavior in East Asia: current perspectives. In Evolutionary Anthropology 8: pp pp pp pp. 7. pp pp. 7. pp pp.. 99a I 99b 9 pp pp. 7. a ka 8 pp.. b, ybp In Journal of the Korean Palaeolithic Sciety Hanguk Guseokgi Hakbo : pp. 78. The Korean Palaeolithic Society. pp.. pp pp pp.. pp pp.. pp. 7. B A B 999 7

17 pp pp.. B 8 pp pp pp pp.. 7

18 Variability of circular settlements in Central Japan and the dispersal of modern humans Kazutaka Shimada Abstract Circular settlements show a settlement landscape in which coexisting lithic clusters are arranged in a circular pattern. This patterning has been widely observed in eastern Japan, particularly on the Kanto Plain in the restricted time range between ca. 33 thousand years ago. The reconstruction of human behavior surrounding circular settlements is considered to be important for understanding the adaptational processes of modern humans in the palaeo-landscape of MIS 3. This paper describes and evaluates the variations and mutual relationships observed among 37 circular settlements distributed in the Kanto Plain, which were examined through five attributions. Grades and demonstrate a continuous addition and reduction in the number of lithic workshops. Grade 3 is similar to grade in terms of size and spatial patterning of workshops, but displays a nonlinear increase in the number of lithic artifacts. The most distinctive feature in grade is the large size of the settlement landscape owing to a non-linear increase in the number of lithic clusters, although the individual sizes of lithic clusters are equivalent to those of grade. Grades and are the most common settlement types and likely reflect the frequent meeting and parting of mobile hunter-gatherers. The extraordinary quality and quantity of stone working of grade 3 implies a more intensive labor investment for the procurement of specific natural resources. It is likely that grades,, and 3 reflect different aspects of a chain of human behavior. Grade is attributed to the final stage of circular settlements and likely served a social role to relieve tension resulting from population pressure on natural resources and/or social environments. The circular settlements will provide useful clues for MIS 3 problem in the Paleolithic studies, that is first peopling of the Japanese Islands. Keywords: circular settlements, early Upper Paleolithic, MIS 3, modern human dispersals

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3 * * 3 * 199090 1999122000 18927.5 2000 *739 85291 5 1 E-mail: kinbara@hiroshima-u.ac.jp 4 19801990 1960 R. Vernon, 1971 1985 62 1985 5 1989 19851221986 22319873361988470 19896751990 360560 1992 1990 1990 198661