10原著10．脇本聡美jmV6.indd

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2 Vol. 10 pp 原著英語絵本の中の認知的道具 1) 脇本聡美 Cognitive tools in English picture books Satomi WAKIMOTO 要旨 (Teaching English to young learners; TEYL) Kieran Egan (Cognitive tools; CTs) CTs CTs CTs Egan Imaginative Approach; IA TEYL (CTs) (IA) (TEYL) Abstract It is pointed out by many teachers and researchers that English picture books are effective materials for teaching English to young learners (TEYL). This paper attempts to show why and how English picture books are effective, based on the concept of cognitive tools (CTs) - found in Kieran Egan s Imaginative Approach (IA) - in education. Specifically, I look at CTs embedded in certain picture books and demonstrate how these CTs foster oral language according to Egan s IA. Thus, this paper aims to highlight the effectiveness of English picture books for TEYL. Key words : cognitive tools (CTs), Imaginative Approach (IA), teaching English to young learners (TEYL), English picture books 1) 89

3 1. はじめに TEYL TEYL TEYL 1) 5) 2 1) 3) Hsiu-Chih 4 5 TEYL Kieran Egan TEYL 2. 話しことばに関わる認知的道具 Egan 6 (IA) IA Egan IA mediational means Egan 7 Egan Egan 6 (oral language) (literacy) (theoretic thinking) (CTs) IA CTs CTs TEYL TEYL CTs TEYL CTs (story) (metaphor) (binary opposites) (rhyme, rhythm and pattern) (joke and humor) (mental imagery) p l a y ( m y s t e r y ) ( l i v i n g knowledge) (mimesis and movement) i CTs 90

4 3. 英語絵本の中の認知的道具 3.1. ストーリー対概念イメージ CTs CT (a cognitive tool ) CT Egan 6) CT CT CT CT 14) Leo Lionni Swimmy 15) / loneliness / solidarity / (scariness / bravery) Swimmy (scared, lonely and very sad) wonderful creatures Swimmy Swimmy Eric Hill Where s Spot? 16) Sally Spot / (search / find) CT CT CTs Egan CT CT Egan 6) CT CT Ludwig Bemelmans Madeline Swimmy CT 3.2. 韻リズムパターン CT 91

5 EFL (English as a foreign language) ii TEYL EFL TEYL Egan 17) CT 18) (suprasegmental features) (isochronism) (rhyme) (onset) (rime) bed b /b/ (onset) ed /ed/ (rime) (rhyme) (rime) (rime) bed, red rhyming words Rhyming words phonological awareness phonemic awareness 19) 20) Dr. Suess The Cat in the Hat 21), Hop on Pop 22) UP/ PUP/ Pup is up. CUP/ PUP/ Pup in cup. (Hop on Pop) rhyming words Madeline Ludwig Bemelmans rhyming couplet (meter) Madeline 23) ( ) Madeline Cohn and he dialed: DANton-ten-six - Nurse, he said, it's an appendix! Everybody had to cry - not a single eye was dry. Madeline was in his arm in a blanket safe and warm, six/ appendix, cry / 92

6 dry, arm /warm rhyming words 2 rhyming words rhyming couplet Madeline Madeline Bill Martin Jr. Eric Carle Brown Bear Brown Bear, What Do You See? 24) Brown bear, brown bear, what do you see? I see a red bird looking at me. Brown Bear Eileen Christelow Five Little Monkeys Jumping on the Bed 25) Laura Vaccaro Seeger Lemons Are Not Red 26) CT CT 3.3. 冗談とユーモア CT Egan 27) CT Nick Sharratt Sharratt CT Shark in the Park 28) Timothy Pope Timothy 93

7 Timothy Timothy Timothy Pope, Timothy Pose is looking through his telescope. He looks at the sky. He looks at the ground. He looks left and right. He looks all around. And this is what he sees. Timothy THERE S /A SHARK/ IN THE PARK! shark / park rhyming words / CT Timothy Shark in the Park CT CT It s safe to say there are no sharks in the park today! Timothy 3.4. 謎 Egan 29) CT Lois Ehlert Color Zoo 30) lion, ox, monkey snake circle, square, diamond, heart 3.5. 生きた知識 Egan 31) energetic language CT Nick Sharratt What s in the Witch s Kitchen? 32) CT CTs 94

8 What's' brewing in the Witch's kitchen? Open it left or open it right, It might not be dreadful but then it just might! What's in the witch's kitchen? Open it left or open it right, ( Open it up or open it down ) right ( down) 2 rhyming words right/ might CT Nice strawberry tea! Nasty Goblin s wee! What s in the Witch s Kitchen? CTs 3.6. 模倣と動き Egan 33) Egan Chodakowski & Egan 9) body's toolkit (mimetic intentionality) CT TEYL CT TPR (Total physical response) iii CT Eric Carle From Head to Toe 35) penguin giraffe donkey gorilla penguin I am a penguin/ and I turn my head./ Can you do it? I can do it! Eric Carle Can you do it? I can do it! iv From Head to Toe 4. まとめ CTs CTs CTs TEYL 95

9 CTs TEYL TEYL Egan IA Egan CTs CTs CTs TEYL EFL TEYL TEYL IA CTs 脚注 i) Egan 6) 8) Chodakowski & Egan 9 Judson& Egan 10) CTs, body s toolkit 11) CTs ii) ESL (English as a second language) iii) TPR Asher TEYL 34) iv) I can do it! 参考文献 1).., 2003, ).., 2008, ).., 2011, ) Hsiu-Chih, Sheu. The value of English picture story books. ELT Journal. 2008, 62(1), ) , 32, ) Egan, K. An imaginative approach to teaching. Jossey-Bass, 2005,

10 7) Egan, K. The educated mind: How cognitive t o o l s s h a p e o u r u n d e r s t a n d i n g. T h e University of Chicago Press, 1997, ) Egan, K. Teaching literacy. Corwin Press, 2006, ) Chodakowski, A. & Egan, K. The body s role in our intellectual education. Retrieved f r o m h t t p : / / i e r g. c a / w p - c o n t e n t / u p l o a d s / 2014/ 01/ I E R G B o d y r o l e. p d f (September 3, 2015) 10) Judson, G and Egan, K. Engaging students imaginations in second language learning. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching. 2013, 3(3), ). The imaginative approach as a conceptual basis for elementary foreign language teacher education , 9, , Maria Nikolaijeva & Carole Scott. How Picturebooks Work. Routledge, / , ) Egan, K. Teaching as story telling. The University of Chicago Press, 1986, ) Lionni, Leo. Swimmy. Dragonfly Books, ) Hill. E. Where s Spot? G.P. Putnam s Sons, ) Egan, K ).., 2010, ) ) ) Dr. Suess. The Cat in the Hat. Random House, 1957; ) Dr. Suess. Hop on Pop. Random House, 1963; ) Bemelmans, L. Madeline. The Viking Press, 1937; ) Martin Jr. B. & Carle E. Brown Bear Brown B e a r, W h a t D o Y o u S e e? H e n r y H o l t Company, 1967; ) Christelow, E. Five Little Monkeys Jumping on the Bed. Clarion Books, ) Seeger, L. V. Lemons Are Not Red. Roaring Brook Press, ) Egan, K ) Sharratt, N. Shark in the Park! Random House, 2000; ) Egan, K ) E h l e r t, L. C o l o r Z o o. H a r p e r C o l l i n s Pusblishers, ) Egan, K ) Sharratt, N. What s in the Witch s Kitchen? Walker Books, ) Egan, K ) ) Carle E. From Head to Toe. Harper Collins Publishers,

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Look over there. Touch your toes. OK. Please turn around. (stop, turn right, turn left, stand up, sit down, raise your right hand, put your hands down

CD -1- Look over there. Touch your toes. OK. Please turn around. (stop, turn right, turn left, stand up, sit down, raise your right hand, put your hands down) -2- How are you? Shark Attack PC PC Town Mouse