Gnutella Peer-to-Peer(P2P) P2P Linux P2P

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1 13 Peer-to-Peer

2 Gnutella Peer-to-Peer(P2P) P2P Linux P2P

4 Domain Name System(DNS) Web Caching System Peer-to-Peer Napster Gnutella Freenet p2p-cache p2p-cache Query, QueryHit

5 4 2.1 DNS Web Caching System Napster Gnutella Query p2p-cache A p2p-cache B p2p-cache C A B C A B C A B C A

6 5 4.1 Query

7 6 1 google Web Domain Name System Query Peer-to-Peer(P2P) Gnutella P2P Query Query P2P

8 1 7 Peer-to-Peer cache p2p-cache P2P p2p-cache Linux 3 p2p-cache 4 P2P p2p-cache 5

9 8 2 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P 2.1

10 2 9 P2P Domain Name System Domain Name System IP Web Caching System Web caching system World Wide Web web Web Web Caching System Web Query Web Caching System Domain Name System(DNS) DNS, IP DNS fiorina.csg.is.titech.ac.jp

11 2 10 edu com org jp yale sun acm ieee ac co cs eng oopsla titech ai robot linda is csg fiorina 2.1: DNS is.titech.ac.jp Name Space DNS IP DNS DNS DNS DNS jp DNS jp DNS ac DNS co DNS titech.ac.jp DNS IP DNS

12 2 11 Time To Live(TTL) DNS 2.1 titech.ac.jp titech.ac.jp DNS fault-tolerant DNS Web Caching System World Wide Web Web caching system Web?? Web Caching System Web caching system Web caching system Web Caching System connection time transmission time 2.2 Peer-to-Peer Peer-to-Peer (Peer) Peer-to-Peer

13 2 12 Web Server Web Server Proxy clients clients clients 2.2: Web Caching System Peer-to-Peer 10 P2P P2P Napster P2P P2P Gnutella P2P Gnutella

14 2 13 Napster PC Napster Napster P2P Napster P2P Napster P2P P2P(hybrid P2P) Napster P2P P2P Napster Napster

15 2 14 SERVER QueryHit Query File Request client client client File Transfer 2.3: Napster Gnutella Hybrid P2P Napster Gnutella P2P. Gnutella Query 2. Query Query Query Query Query QueryHit QueryHit QueryHit Query 3. Query Time-to-Live(TTL) TTL

16 2 15 Query Query Query QueryHit QueryHit Query Query Query Query 2.4: Gnutella Query 0 4. Query Freenet Freenet P2P Gnutella 1.

17 TTL 3. Query

18 17 3 p2p-cache P2P 2 RedHat Linux 7.1 C++ Gnu c++ compiler(g++) 3.1 p2p-cache P2P Peer-To-Peer Cache( p2p-cache) 3.2 P2P.

19 3 p2p-cache 18 Join_tree( ) If( > * 3) If( ) Else Join_tree( ); Else Join tree() int disc TCP listen TCP HTML XML

20 3 p2p-cache 19 P2P 3.3 Query Query QueryHit QueryHit Query, QueryHit Query, QueryHit Query, QueryHit 3.1 Query ihost shost id ttl file num QueryHit shost id hhost rhost file ttl num 3.1: Query ihost Query Internet Protocol(IP) B Query ihost B IP shost Query IP A IP id Query 0 Query 1 shost id P2P

21 3 p2p-cache 20 ttl Time to Live Query P2P hops Query Query ttl 1 TTL 0 ttl file Query Num Query P2P Query QueryHit shost Query IP A IP id Query 0 Query 1 shost id P2P hhost Query rhost Query rhost file Query ttl Time to Live Query P2P hops Query Query ttl 1 TTL 0 TTL Query Num Query P2P Query

22 3 p2p-cache QueryHit C B Query Query D QueryHit Query Query QueryHit E A 3.2: 1. A Query P2P 2. listen Query 3. Query Query STL set IP Query Query Query Query

23 3 p2p-cache 22 Query QueryHit Query Query STL multiset QueryHit Query 4. Query Query 5. QueryHit Query Query QueryHit time.h time() Query QueryHit stdio.h fopen() IP unistd.h gethostname()

24 3 p2p-cache 23 netdb.h gethostbyname() hostent IP arpa/inet.h inet addr() IP STL set Query, QueryHit 1 1 int int sys/socket.h socket() family IPv4 type bind() listen() listen 3.4.2

25 3 p2p-cache 24 POSIX thread pthread create() pthread mutex lock() pthread mutex lock accept() accept() pthread mutex unlock() accept 1 int pthread mutex lock() read() read line() [9] P. 617 P.619

26 25 4 Pentium 3 733MHz CPU 512MB 100Base-T RedHat Linux Celeron 467MHz CPU 128MB PC RedHat Linux P2P p2p-cache p2p-cache 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 TCP perl Napster Gnutella Query

27 4 26 Napster Gnutella 4.1 p2p-cache Gnutella 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 Gnutella p2p-cache Query Hit 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8 Query Hit 4.9, 4.10, 4.11, 4.12 Query Hit , 4.6, , 4.10,

28 : p2p-cache A 4.2: p2p-cache B

29 : p2p-cache C p2p-cache P2P p2pcache

30 :

31 s F ss Query Hit(micro sec) # of Queries 4.5: A 6000 s F ss Query Hit(micro sec) # of Queries 4.6: B

32 s F ss Query Hit(micro sec) # of Queries 4.7: C 6000 t F ss Query Hit(micro sec) # of Queries 4.8:

33 av01f Query Hit(micro sec) # of Queries 4.9: A av02f Query Hit(micro sec) # of Queries 4.10: B 100

34 av04f Query Hit(micro sec) # of Queries 4.11: C av01ft Query Hit(micro sec) # of Queries 4.12: 100

35 4 34 Query QueryHit p2p-cache Query Query Query QueryHit QueryHit QueryHit Query p2p-cache P2P s01flow # of Flows # of Queries 4.13: A 4.3 p2p-cache 50 P2P

36 s02flow # of Flows # of Queries 4.14: B 50 s04flow # of Flows # of Queries 4.15: C

37 t01flow # of Flows # of Queries 4.16: 50 s01flowav.dat # of Flows # of Queries 4.17: A 100

38 t01flowav.dat # of Flows # of Queries 4.18: : Query Query QueryHit p2p-cache /1000

39 38 5 Gnutella Peer-to-Peer(P2P) Query Query Gnutella Peer-to-Peer(P2P) p2p-cache P2P P2P P2P p2p-cache Linux p2p-cache 40 P2P /1000

40 5 39

41 40 [1] Abraham Silberschatz, Peter Galvin, A. S.: Operating System Concepts, 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc (1999). [2] Albitz, P., Cricket Liu : DNS & BIND, (1995). [3] Antony Rowstron, P. D.: Storage management and caching in PAST, a large-scale, persistent peer-to-peer storage utility, In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP 01). Chateau Lake Louise, Banff, Canada (2001). [4] Dean Povey, J. H.: A Distributed Internet Cache, Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Computer Science Conference, Sydney, Australia, Feburary (1997). [5] Ian Clarke, Oskar Sandberg, B. W. and Hong, T. W.: Freenet: A Distributed Anonymous Information Storage and Retrieval System, International Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability, LNCS 2009, ed. by H. Federrath. Springer: New York (2001). [6] Meyers, S.: Effective STL, Addison-Wesley (2001). [7] Schildt, H.: STL Programming, Osborne/McGrew-Hill. [8] Stephen C. Dewhurst, K. T. S.: Programming in C++, PRENTICE HALL (1989). [9] Stevens, W. R.: UNIX Networking Programming Volume 1, PREN- TICE HALL (1998).

42 5 41 [10] Tanenbaum, A. S.: Computer Networks, PRENTICE HALL. [11] Wang, J.: A Survey of Web Caching Schemes for the Internet, ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication (1999). [12] : C,.

8 P2P P2P (Peer-to-Peer) P2P P2P As Internet access line bandwidth has increased, peer-to-peer applications have been increasing and have great impact

8 P2P P2P (Peer-to-Peer) P2P P2P As Internet access line bandwidth has increased, peer-to-peer applications have been increasing and have great impact 8 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) P2P P2P As Internet access line bandwidth has increased, peer-to-peer applications have been increasing and have great impact on networks. In this paper, we review traffic issues for