Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol.56 No.177 (2014) ORIGINAL PAPER SI エンジンのクレビスノックの容器実験による基礎研究 ( クレビス内混合気の自己着火

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1 Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol.56 No.177 (2014) ORIGINAL PAPER SI エンジンのクレビスノックの容器実験による基礎研究 ( クレビス内混合気の自己着火とノックの発生について ) Fundamental Study on Crevice Knock of SI Engines by Using Combustion Vessel (Knock Inducted by Self-Ignition due to Flame Propagation into Crevice Channel) * TOKUDOME, Taiki 1, KOMODA, Naoki 1, and KOREMATSU, Koji 2 * Kogakuin University, Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo , Japan Kogakuin University, Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo , Japan ; Received 12 December, 2013; Accepted 21 March, 2014 Abstract : We studied the knock in the crevice of spark ignition engines experimentally by using a constant volume vessel. The vessel has an additional narrow channel which is simulated top land crevice. We find experimental fact that typical "crevice knock" is generated by the self-ignition of mixture in bottom of the channel when flame enters into the channel. We also find the amplitudes of measured of pressure waves in the crevice are stronger than these in the vessel. These experimental results are confirmed by mathematical knock model which is one-dimensional unsteady compressible flow with integration of Livengood-Wu. Key Words : SI engine, Combustion analysis, Knock 1. 緒言 ASEAN PM2.5 SI SI 1 [1] * Corresponding author. ko94034@outlook.com Fig.1 Knock in ring crevice. [2] ( ) ( 1) (72)

2 SI 259 1) 2) 0 [3] SV (= / ) HC [4] [5] W. W. Haskell [6] Rolf D. Reltz [7] Livengood-Wu 1 [8] 2.1. 実験装置および方法 mm 16.0 mm O 1.0 mm mm( 1.5 mm ) mm mm 1.0 mm mm 2 5 ( 12 Fig.2 Combustion vessel. 2. 定容燃焼容器実験 ( ) SI Fig.3 Crevice model. (73)

260 56 177 2014 2 (A) Vacuum pump Mercury manometer Ignition

Ionization probe Memory recorder Crevice Fig.

5 Measuring circuit of ion current. V) ( 5 kω) ( ) ( ) 2.2. 実験結果 2.

3 (A) Vacuum pump Mercury manometer Ignition Pressure transducer Voltage stabilizer Electric circuit Ionization probe Memory recorder Crevice Fig.4 Experimental equipment. (B) Fig.5 Measuring circuit of ion current. V) ( 5 kω) ( ) ( ) 2.2. 実験結果クレビスノックの発生 1 2 (A) t 5.5 ms 1 t = 12.4 ms 2 (11.4 ms ) 1 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ms ms MPa 1 (74)

$SI 261 Fig.6 Measured pressures in vessel and crevice and output of 1st and 2nd ionization probe (molar fraction of hydrogen in fuel=0.5). Fig.8 Measured pressure at bottom of the crevice. Fig.7 Measured pressures in vessel and crevice and output of 1st and 2nd ionization probe (molar fraction of hydrogen in fuel=0.$

4 SI 261 Fig.6 Measured pressures in vessel and crevice and output of 1st and 2nd ionization probe (molar fraction of hydrogen in fuel=0.5). Fig.8 Measured pressure at bottom of the crevice. Fig.7 Measured pressures in vessel and crevice and output of 1st and 2nd ionization probe (molar fraction of hydrogen in fuel=0.9). Fig.9 Measured pressure in vessel 燃料中の水素のモル分率 ( 8) ( 9) α = 0 α = MPa ( ) 10 α = 0 2 Fig.10 Time from ignition to detecting flame by two ionization probes and to starting self-ignition. (α = ) 2 14 mm (75)

5 Fig.11 Mean flame speed and maximum pressure difference of wave due to knocking vs. molar fraction of hydrogen in fuel(=mixture of hydrogen and methane). Fig.12 Measured pressures in vessel (molar fraction of hydrogen in fuel=0.5). α α α [9] 当量比 α = 0.5 φ = φ = 1.0 φ = 1.1 φ = 1.0 φ = 1.1 [10] φ = 1.0 φ = φ = 1.3 φ = φ = ms [1] Fig.13 Measured pressures in crevice (molar fraction of hydrogen in fuel=0.5). α φ = 1.1 ( 14) φ = 1.1 U U ( 15) [10] φ = 0.59, φ = 結言 SI (76)

6 SI 263 References Fig.14 Output of 1st and 2nd ionization probe and time of knock vs. equivalence ratio (molar fraction of hydrogen in the fuel=0.5). Fig.15 Mean flame speed and maximum pressure difference of pressure wave due to knock vs. equivalence ratio (molar fraction of hydrogen in the fuel=0.5). 1. Heywood J. B., Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals: (1988). 2. Colin R. Ferguson and Allan T. Kirkpatrick, Internal Combustion Engines Applied Thermo-sciences Second Edition: (1988). 3. Saika T., Korematsu K., Combust. Sci. and Tech., Vol.108: (1995). 4. Saika T., Korematsu K., Gabe M., Takahashi S., JSME Trans. B. (in Japanese) 53: (1987). 5. Tokudome T., Korematsu K., JSAE Trans. (in Japanese) 49: (2012). 6. W. W. Haskell, C. E. Legate, SAE Technical Paper (1989). 7. Rolf D. Reltz, Tang-Wei Kuo, SAE Trans Tokudome T., Korematsu K., Journal of LEMA (in Japanese) 514: (2014). 9. Roger A. Strehlow, Combustion Fundamentals: (1984). 10. Bernad Lewis, Guenther von Elbe, Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases third Edition: 268 (1987). 11. J. C. Livengood, P. C. Wu, Proc. 5th Symp. (Int.) on Combustion: (1955). 12. Douaud A. M., Eyzat P., SAE Technical Paper : (1989). 13. Warren H. Giedt, Principles of Engineering Heat Transfer: 134 (1977). 1) α φ U φ 1.1 2) 3) 1 Livengood-Wu 1) 主要記号 ( 数値は本論文の使用する代表値 ) A m 2 A 1/s a m/s Cv J/(kg K) D m E J/mol F N Hu k W/(m K) L m LW Livengood-Wu Nu p Pa q J/(kg s) qf J/(kg s) qh J/(kg s) qk J/(kg s) R0 J/(kg K) SL m/s (77)

7 T K Twall t s tk s K u m/s yf κ τ s ρ kg/m 3 λ α φ cre, ves n, q (3) (4) (5) (6) ( 付録 1) 計算モデル 1 HC [4] Livengood-Wu [11] [8] A) ノック発生条件 Livengood-Wu (1) 1 t = tk τ qf δ (7) SL qh Hausen Nu [13] (8) qk n+1 qk (9) (2) E A Douaud [12] E/R0 = 3800 K A tk yf n Livengood-Wu > 1 n n+1 (Xn+1-Xn)(πD 2 /4) ( ) B) 基礎方程式 1 C) 数値計算法 D) 境界条件 ( ) (78)

SI 265 (u < 0) (10) (u 0) (11) (12) Fig.

計算手順と現象 (10) (11) Livengood-Wu Livengood-Wu 1 Ⅱ.

8 SI 265 (u < 0) (10) (u 0) (11) (12) Fig.16 Calculated pressure in the bottom of the crevice(at 98th point of the channel). ( 付録 2) 計算例 Ⅰ. 計算手順と現象 (10) (11) Livengood-Wu Livengood-Wu 1 Ⅱ. 計算例 ) t = 0 2) 1 t = 5.5 ms qf 3) t = 11.4 ms Livengood-Wu 1 Livengood-Wu = 1 qk 4) t = 15 ms (79)

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„´™Ÿ/’£ﬂö 48 144 2006 206-213 Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan Vol. 48 No. 144 (2006) 206-213 ORGNAL PAPER * * An Approach to Combustion Diagnostics of Premixed Flame by Chemiluminescence of OH * and CH