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2 30(3): (2006) Walgett: An Aboriginal Community in a Depopulated Town, New South Wales Toshio Matsuyama Walgett 60% 1960 Kamiraloi Yuarralai Wiradjurai Gingie Station Namoi Reserve Flash Town Key Words Walgett, Kamiraloi, New South Wales, Local town 331

3 30 3 Walgett is located in northwest New South Wales. Over 60% of the town s population of around 2,300 is of Aboriginal descent. With a few exceptions, they are from the Kamiraloi, Yuarralai, and Wiradjurai linguistic groups. Walgett town was founded in 1835 on the banks of the Namoi river, near its junction with the Barwon river. The name Walgett is an Aboriginal name for the confluence of two rivers. It grew as a pastoral industry and grain farming centre until the 1960s. From then until the 1980s the industry became more mechanised and as a result almost all the Aboriginal people who worked as skilled fencers, boundary riders and shearers were put out of work. Upon becoming unemployed many Aboriginal people who had lived at Namoi Reserve, Gingi station and on the fringe of the town moved to live on a camping ground at the western end. Here, housing of New South Wales, a State Government Department, and Walgett Town Council built some houses which are now called top camp and bottom camp. In the 1980s the Town Council built Flash Town near the airport outside the town where school teachers, police and doctors from the district hospital began to live. For Aboriginal people this Flash Town created a new contact zone with the wider white society; another point of contact away from the old town. The residents of Flash Town are educated and, due to their professions, have a good deal of influence on the town s society (including Aboriginal people). Thus there now exists an arrangement of three spaces of living and power within the town s jurisdiction; the two Aboriginal camps at the western end, the white community of the town proper, and Flash Town. This organisation of space and people comes from and reflects the way this northwest corner of New South Wales was colonised after Ever since that date the Aboriginal population has been marginalised in its physical and power position in the town, the region, and in wider Australian society

4 1 2 Walgett Wilcania Settled Australia Outback 1 2 2,300 60% Kamilaroi Gamilaraay Ualarai Yuwaaraaray Weilwan Wailwan 2 Wiradjuri 2 Murry 3 333

5 Aboriginal Communities Development Program 334

6 2 3 Tindale, N. B. 1974: , 199 Horton, D. 1994: % Ash, A. et al 2003: 5 3 Baiami Bayamee Bora 3 Wanda 335

7 30 3 Red Neck Gubbah Government Whitefella Brewarina 2.2 Darling Barwon Namoi 6 Dubbo 1 Waranbool Station 1930 Angledool Aboriginal Station District Hospital 336

8 Returned Services League 1970 Coonamble Bathurst TAFE Technical and Future Education 1 TAFE TAFE Narran Lake Dharriwaa 337

10 Moree TAFE DV 40 90%

11 30 3 Gingie Namoi Up Town Niggers

12 Aboriginal Medical Services Ferry, J. 1978:

13 30 3 Aborigines Protection Board km Abott, G. T. 1971: Cunnean, C. and T. Robb 1987: 26 Euroka Curthoys, A. 2002: Keit 342

14 % Flash Town

15 a 3-b 344

16 Boarding School 2, Shire Morris, B

17 Low and Order Campaign Cautioning System Cunneen, C. and T. Robb 1987:

19 % 135, Kamilaroi, Ualarai, Weilwan, Wiradjuri Tindal N. B Gamilaraay, Yuwaaraaray Ash, A. et al 2003 Wailwan Horton. D r Murry Ash. A. J. Giacon et al 2003: Abott, G. T The Pastral Age: A Re-Examination. North Sydney: Macmillan of Australia. Ash, A. et al 2003 Gamilaraay, Yuwaalaraay and Yuwaalayaay Dictionary. Alice Springs: IAD Press. Cunnean, C. and T. Robb 1987 Criminal Justice in North-West New South Wales. Sydney: The New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research. Curthoys, A Freedom Ride: A Freedom Rider Remembers. Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin. Ferry, J Walgett Before the Moter Car. (Typescript) Horton, D. (ed) 1994 The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Toress Strait Islander Studies. Morris, B Policing Racial Fantasy in the Far West of New South Wales. Oceania 71 (3): Tindale, N. B Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Berkeley: University of California Press. 348

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<30372D985F95B62D8E52967B8C4F8E7190E690B62E706466> 312013 95 Changes and Restructuring of Social Issues of the Urban Underclass Area with Increasing Welfare Needs in Kotobuki, Yokohama Kahoruko YAMAMOTO This paper explains social changes and restructuring