The Introduction and Spread of Japanese Ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata) to the United States of America in the 19th Century Yusuke NAKAO

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "The Introduction and Spread of Japanese Ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata) to the United States of America in the 19th Century Yusuke NAKAO"

そよのたけ
4 years ago
Views:

1 The Introduction and Spread of Japanese Ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata) to the United States of America in the 19th Century Yusuke NAKAO

2 J.JILA 62 (5), 1999

3 A.G.=American Gardening, New York. G.M.=1he Gardener's Monthly, Philadelphia. Gng.=Gardening, Chicago.

4 J. JILA 62 (5), 1999

5 1) Fernald, M. L. (1950) Gray's Manual of Botany, 8th ed., (Corrected printing, 1970), p.995, American Book Company, New York. 2) Gleason, H. A. (1952) The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, vol.2, (Second printing, slightly revised,1958), p.520, Lancaster Press, Lancaster, Penna.. United States Department of Ag- riculture, National Agricultural 4) Braunton, E. (1915) The Garden Beautiful in California, p.62, Cultivater Publishing, Los Ange- Hedges Screens & Windbreaks, p.176, Whittlesey House, New 5) Everett, T. H. (1981) The New York Botanical Garden Illustrated Encyclopedia of Horticulture, Vol.8, p.2500, Garland Publishing, Inc., New York. (1922) The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, vol.5. Rehder, A. (1912, 1915) The Bradley Bibliography, vol.2, vol. ography of Cultivated Trees and Library & CY, Ohio State Univer- (1856) : List of dried plants collected in Japan, by S. Wells Williams, Esq., and Dr. James Morrow. Memoirs of American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol.II, pp , Washington. Characters of New Species of Phaenogamous Plants, collected in Japan by Charles Wright, Botanist of the U. S. North Pacific Exploring Expedition. Memoirs of American Academy of Arts and Sciences, N. S., Vol.VI, (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Vol.19, p.402, Chicago,1967) 14) The Gardeners' Chronicle, Lon-

6 don, Ser.3, Vol..49, 1911, pp ) Gardener's Monthly, Philadelphia 20) G. F., Vol.VII, 1894, pp Maurice de (1895) Rare trees and shrubs in the Arnold Arboretum, U.S.A. Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society Vol.17, ) G. F., Vol.III, 1890, p ) A. G., Ser.3, Vol.XV, 1893, pp ) Whitehill, W. M. (1968) Boston A Topographycal History, 2nd ed. (1st ed., 1959) enlarged, (5th printing, 1979), pp , The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 24) A. G., Ser.3, Vol.XV, 1893, pp ) G. M., Vol.25, 1883, p ) Long, Elias A. (1884) Ornamental Gardening for Americans, (reprinting, 1918), p.118, Orange Judo Company, New York. 27) G. F., Vol.II, 1889, p ) A. G., Ser.3, Vol.XIII, 1892, pp ) A. G., Ser.3, Vol.XV, 1893, pp ) G. F., Vol.IX, 1896, p ) G. F., Vol.X, 1897, p ) A. G., Ser.3, Vol.XV, 1893, p ) New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stations Bulletin, New Brunswick, No.144, 1900, pp ) G. M., Vol.11, 1869, p ) G. F., Vol.VII, 1894, pp ) G. F., Vol.II, 1889, pp ) A. G., Ser.3, Vol.XIII, 1892, pp ) Gng., Vol.4, 1895, p ) A. G., Ser.3, Vol.XV, 1893, pp ) A. G., Ser.3, Vol.XIII, 1892, pp ) G. F., Vol.II, 1889, pp ) G. F., Vol.III, 1890, p.471. Summary : Japanese Ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata), a native of East Asia, has now become one of the ornaments in Western Landscape. The objective of the study was to explain the early process of the introduction and spread of this plant to the United States of America, based on the articles of gardening or horticultural magazines published in the 19th century. The results were as follows: 1) Japanese Ivy was introduced (in commerce) from Messrs.J.Veitch and Sons. (U.K.) to the United States of America by John Charlton ( Rochester, New York ) in 1868, and was brought into general cultivation in ) It has been extensively planted in and around Boston since 1880s. 3) It has become characteristic of Boston city and suburban scenes, and receivd the nickname of Boston Ivy. 4) It has been also extensively used in and around New York since 1890s, for covering walls and protecting the sides of embankments and cuttings along railroads. 5) It was planted in the Middle West and the Pacific Coast by the end of the 19th century.

Bull. Kanagawa prefect. Mus. (Nat. Sci.), no. 32, pp. 1-6, Mar Three New Naturalized Plants of Carex L. (Cyperaceae) in Japan Teruo KATSUYAMA Ab

Bull. Kanagawa prefect. Mus. (Nat. Sci.), no. 3, pp. 1-6, Mar. 003 Three New Naturalized Plants of Carex L. (Cyperaceae) in Japan Teruo KATSUYAMA Abstract. Carex aenea Fernard, C. gravida L.H.Bailey var.