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1 1 L A TEX revision Copyright c Daikoku Manabu This tutorial is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.1 Japan License. 1 L A TEX L A TEX TEX TEX L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX dvi dvi PDF L A TEX document

2.3 dvi.......................... 5 1.2.4 dvi PDF....................... 5 1.3 L A TEX.................................. 6 1.3.1.................................... 6 1.3.2.................................. 6 1.3.3...................................... 6 1.3.4...................................... 6 1.3.5 document.

2 log array tabular

.............................. 18 2.1.4.................................. 18 2.1.5...................................... 19 2.1.6..................................... 19 2.2........................................ 19 2.2.1................................ 19 2.2.2.................................. 19 2.2.3.

3 mendex

3.3........................ 30 4.3.4............................. 30 5 31 5.1.................................... 31 5.1.1................................ 31 5.1.2............................. 31 5.1.3........................ 31 5.1.4....................... 32 5.

4 4 1 L A TEX 1 L A TEX 1.1 L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX (typesetting) L A TEX Leslie Lamport L A TEX TEX L A TEX Donald Knuth TEX TEX TEX L A TEX (physical structure) (logical structure) TEX L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX (markup) (markup language) HTML TEX TEX L A TEX TEX TEX L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX TEX L A TEX TEX L A TEX TEX L A TEX TEX TeX L A TEX LaTeX 1.2 L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX greet.tex L A TEX greet.tex

1.3 (markup) (markup language) HTML TEX TEX L A TEX TEX TEX L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX 1.1.4 TEX L A TEX TEX L A TEX TEX L A TEX TEX TeX L A TEX LaTeX 1.

5 1.2. L A TEX 5 L A TEX.tex L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX (compile) L A TEX platex L A TEX.tex L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX.dvi L A TEX platex greet greet.tex L A TEX greet.dvi L A TEX dvi (dvi file) dvi device independent dvi L A TEX dvi (previewer) Linux MacOS xdvi Windows dviout dvi PDF dvi PDF PDF Portable Document Format dvi PDF dvipdfm dvipdfmx dvipdfm dvipdfm dvi.dvi dvipdfm PDF dvi.pdf dvipdfm greet greet.dvi PDF greet.pdf

dvi L A TEX dvi (dvi file) dvi device independent 1.2.

6 6 1 L A TEX 1.3 L A TEX L A TEX (command) L A TEX (command name) (backslash, \) ( Y= ) L A TEX \documentclass \begin \end (1) (2) 1 (3) \begin \begin (argument) ({}) L A TEX {jarticle} {document} L A TEX (environment) (environment name) \begin \end \begin \end \begin \end L A TEX document

$1.3.2 (command name) (backslash, \) ( Y= ) L A TEX \documentclass \begin \end$

7 1.3. L A TEX 7 document document document document L A TEX document 1 L A TEX document L A TEX (preamble) L A TEX \documentclass 1 (document class) \documentclass jarticle jreport jbook L A TEX jarticle (optional argument) \documentclass ( [ ] ) A4 a5paper A5 b4paper B4 b5paper B5 \documentclass[b5paper]{jarticle} B pt 11 12pt 12

$8 (optional argument) \documentclass ( [ ] ) 1.3.$

8 8 1 L A TEX \documentclass[12pt]{jarticle} 12 \documentclass[b4paper,11pt]{jarticle} L A TEX L A TEX (comment) L A TEX ( % ) L A TEX % L A TEX comment.tex % % TEX L A TEX TEX \TeX L A TEX \LaTeX L A TEX logo.tex \LaTeX \TeX document # $ % & _ { } ~ ^ \ < > L A TEX 3 (space character) 1 1 L A TEX

$12 TEX L A TEX TEX \TeX L A TEX \LaTeX L A TEX logo.tex \LaTeX \TeX 1.4$

9 (empty line) L A TEX 1 (paragraph) L A TEX danraku.tex \\ L A TEX newline.tex \\ L A TEX 13 # $ % & _ { } 7 \# \$ \% \& \_ \{ \} ~ ^ \~{} \^{} < > $<$ $>$ $ $ 2.1 \ $\backslash$ L A TEX tokushu.tex \# \$ \% \& \_ \{ \} \~{} \^{} $<$ $>$ $ $ $\backslash$ L A TEX \verb verbatim

$5 L A TEX 13 # $ % & _ { } 7 \# \$ \% \& \_ \{ \} ~ ^ \~{} \^{} < > $<$ $>$$

10 10 1 L A TEX \verb ( { } ) \verb ( * ) \verb {<>} {<>} \verb+#$%&+ #$%& \verb3\_ ~3 \_ ~ \verb verbatim \verb* verbatim* \verb \verb* verbatim verbatim* typewriter L A TEX verb.tex \verb/# $ % &/ \verb*/# $ % &/ \begin{verbatim} # $ % & _ { } ~ ^ \ < > \end{verbatim} \begin{verbatim*} # $ % & _ { } ~ ^ \ < > \end{verbatim*} ( ) ( ) L A TEX quote.tex We can use single and double quotation marks L A TEX ( - ) (--) (---) L A TEX dash.tex She is my sister-in-law. This table shows my income during This is a punctuation dash---i think.

$tex \verb/# $ % &/ \verb*/# $ % &/ \begin{verbatim} # $ % & _ { } ~ ^ \ < > \end{verbatim} \begin{verbatim*} # $ % & _ { } ~ ^ \ < >$

11 L A TEX (.) (?) (!) (:) etc. L A TEX L A TEX \ 1 \LaTeX \ ~ L A TEX Chapter~2 Chapter 2 L A TEX space.tex Mr.~Tanaka et al.\ are my friends. They told me that \LaTeX\ was wonderful (accent) (Umlaut) \ {o} ó \ {o} ò \^{o} ô \"{o} ö \~{o} õ \={o} ō i j ı j \i \j L A TEX accent.tex \ {o} \ {o} \^{o} \"{o} \~{o} \={o} \={i} \={j} \={\i} \={\j} L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX \tiny \scriptsize \footnotesize \small \normalsize \large letter letter letter letter letter letter

$10 (accent) (Umlaut) \ {o} ó \ {o} ò \^{o} ô \"{o} ö \~{o} õ \={o} ō i j ı j \i \j L A TEX accent.$

12 12 1 L A TEX \Large \LARGE \huge \Huge letter letter letter letter \normalsize (declaration) ({ }) {\Large } L A TEX letsize.tex {\tiny }{\scriptsize }{\footnotesize }{\small } {\large }{\Large }{\LARGE }{\huge }{\Huge } (font) \textmc \textgt \textmc L A TEX japanese.tex \textgt{ } (Latin letter) (family) (shape) (series) \textrm roman \textsf sans serif \texttt typewriter

$tex {\tiny }{\scriptsize }{\footnotesize }{\small } {\large }{\Large }{\LARGE }{\huge }{\Huge } 1.$

13 \textup \textit \textsl \textsc upright italic slanted Small Caps \textmd \textbf medium boldface \texttt{\textsc{hello, world!}} typewriter Small Caps Hello, world! roman upright medium L A TEX latin.tex [roman upright medium], [\textbf{roman upright boldface}], [\textit{roman italic medium}], [\textit{\textbf{roman italic boldface}}], [\textsl{roman slanted medium}], [\textsc{roman Small Caps Medium}], [\textsf{sans serif upright medium}], [\textsf{\textit{sans serif italic medium}}], [\texttt{typewriter upright medium}], [\texttt{\textit{typewriter italic medium}}], [\texttt{\textsl{typewriter slanted medium}}] flushleft flushright center \\ L A TEX align.tex \begin{flushleft} \end{flushleft} \begin{flushright} \\ \end{flushright} \begin{center} \textgt{\large } \end{center}

$tex [roman upright medium], [\textbf{roman upright boldface}], [\textit{roman italic medium}], [\textit{\textbf{roman italic boldface}}], [\textsl{roman slanted medium}], [\textsc{roman Small Caps$

14 14 1 L A TEX \maketitle \maketitle \title \author \date L A TEX title.tex \title{ } \author{ } \date{ } \maketitle \\ \and \thanks L A TEX title2.tex \title{ \\ \\ } \author{ \thanks{ } \and \thanks{ } \and \thanks{ } \and \thanks{ }} \date{ } \maketitle (sectional unit) (part) (chapter) (section) (subsection, article) L A TEX (sectioning command) \part \chapter

$tex \title{ \\ \\ } \author{ \thanks{ } \and \thanks{ } \and \thanks{ } \and \thanks{ }} \date{2007$

15 \section \subsection 1 (heading) 1 1, 2, 3,, \part chapter jarticle jarticle jreport jbook jarticle L A TEX section.tex \section{ } \subsection{ } \subsection{ } \section{ } \subsection{ } \subsection{ } (appendix) \appendix jarticle (1, 2, 3, ) (A, B, C, ) jreport jbook L A TEX appendix.tex \section{ } \section{ } \appendix \section{ } \section{ } (display) L A TEX

$tex \section{ } \subsection{ } \subsection{ } \section{ } \subsection{ } \subsection{ } 1.6.$

16 16 1 L A TEX quote L A TEX quote.tex \begin{quote} \end{quote} (list) (item) L A TEX itemize enumerate description \item \item itemize enumerate description L A TEX list.tex \begin{itemize} \item \item \item \end{itemize} \begin{enumerate} \item \item \item \end{enumerate} \begin{description} \item[ ] \item[ ] \item[ ] 5,000 \end{description} (footnote) 1 \footnote 1

$tex \begin{itemize} \item \item \item \end{itemize} \begin{enumerate} \item \item \item$

17 17 L A TEX footnote.tex \footnote{ } (reference) (bibliography) thebibliography enumerate \item thebibliography \begin \begin{thebibliography}{99} \begin 2 L A TEX L A TEX biblio.tex \begin{thebibliography}{9} \item \item \end{thebibliography} \begin 1 2 \begin n \begin n L A TEX (paragraph mode) L A TEX (formula) (math mode) L A TEX L A TEX math math (in-text formula) math \begin \end math $...$

$\begin{thebibliography}{99} \begin 2 L A TEX L A TEX biblio.$

18 18 2 math (+) ( ) (=) (>) (<) (,) (( )) $a=b+c$ a = b + c $x=y$ $x = y$ x = y L A TEX math.tex $x=a-(b+c)$ L A TEX displaymath displaymath (displayed formula) displaymath displaymath \[...\] \[ \] \[ a=b+c \] a = b + c \documentclass[fleqn]{jarticle} [fleqn] L A TEX dismath.tex \documentclass[fleqn]{jarticle} \[ x=a-(b+c) \] \verb/\[/ \verb/\]/ (subscript) x 2 2 (superscript) x 2 2 _ $x_{2}$ x 2 ^ $x^{2}$ x 2 x_{2}^{2} x 2 2 {x_{2}}^{2} x 2 2 {x^{2}}_{2} x 2 2 L A TEX subsuper.tex

$tex \documentclass[fleqn]{jarticle} \[ x=a-(b+c) \] \verb/\[/ \verb/\]/ 2.1.$

19 \[ A_{B}, A^{B} \] \[ A_{B_{C}}, A^{B^{C}} \] \[ A_{B}^{C}, {A_{B}}^{C}, {A^{C}}_{B} \] (fraction) / $1/a$ \frac 1 (numerator) 2 (denominator) \[ \frac{c+d}{a+b} \] c + d a + b L A TEX frac.tex \[ F = G\frac{m_{1}m_{2}}{r^{2}} \] (square root) \sqrt $\sqrt{x}$ x \sqrt $\sqrt[n]{x}$ n x L A TEX sqrt.tex \[ S = \sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)} \] \[ \sqrt[n]{a} = a^{\frac{1}{n}} \] (mathematical symbol) (binary operator) \pm ± \mp \times \div \circ \bullet \wedge \vee \cap \cup (relational operator)

$tex \[ S = \sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)} \] \[ \sqrt[n]{a} = a^{\frac{1}{n}} \] 2.$

20 20 2 \neq \ge \le \equiv \supset \subset \supseteq \subseteq \in \ni L A TEX operator.tex $ A \times B, A \div B, A \cap B, A \cup B, A \wedge B, A \vee B, A \ge B, A \le B, A \equiv B, A \supset B, A \subset B, a \in A, A \ni a $ (slash) \not L A TEX not.tex \[ A \not\equiv B, A \not\subset B, x \not\in B \] (not operator) (universal quantifier) (existential quantifier) (infinity) (aleph) \neg \forall \exists \infty \aleph ℵ (prime) n n a a a a a a (arrow) \leftarrow \rightarrow \leftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \Leftarrow \Rightarrow \Leftrightarrow (ellipsis) \ldots... \cdots \vdots.. \ddots \ldots x 1, x 2,..., x n \cdots x 1 + x x n \ldots (Greek letter) \gamma γ \delta δ \theta θ \lambda λ \xi ξ \Gamma Γ \Delta \Theta Θ \Lambda Λ \Xi Ξ... 1

$tex \[ A \not\equiv B, A \not\subset B, x \not\in B \] 2.2.5 (not operator) (universal quantifier) (existential quantifier) (infinity) (aleph) \neg \forall \exists \infty \aleph ℵ 2.2.6 1 (prime) n n a a a a a a 2.$

21 o A B E Z H I K M N O P T Y X log log lim sin cos log (log-like function) log \log log \lim lim \sin sin \cos cos \det det \lim x lim L A TEX log.tex \[ \lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}f(x) \] (summation) \sum \bigcap \bigcup \int \sum L A TEX sum.tex \[ \sum_{i=1}^{n} i = \frac{n(n+1)}{2} \] (delimiter) (( )) ([ ]) ( ) ({ }) \{ \} \left \right \left ( [ \{ \right ) ] \} \left \right \left \right (. ) L A TEX delim.tex \[ ( \frac{b}{a} ) \] \[ \left( \frac{b}{a} \right) \] \[ \left\{ \frac{b}{a} \right. \] \[ \left. \frac{b}{a} \right\} \] L A TEX (array) (matrix) (determinant)

22 22 2 (column) (row) array array array 1 array \begin 2 array l r c l r c lrc & \\ L A TEX array.tex \[ \begin{array}{lrc} a & z & i \\ a+b & y+z & i+j \\ a+b+c & x+y+z & i+j+k \end{array} \] (matrix) (determinant) 2.2 \left \right L A TEX matrix.tex \[ A = \left( \begin{array}{ccc} a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13} \\ a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23} \\ a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33} \end{array} \right) \] \[ \det A = \left \begin{array}{ccc} a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13} \\ a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23} \\ a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33} \end{array} \right \] (cases) array L A TEX cases.tex

23 \[ F_{n} = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} 1 & (n=0) \\ 1 & (n=1) \\ F_{n-2} + F_{n-1} & (n \ge 2) \end{array} \right. \] (overline) (underline) \overline \underline \underline L A TEX overline.tex \[ \overline{p \cup \overline{q}} \cap R \] We can draw \underline{underline} anywhere \overbrace \underbrace \overbrace \underbrace L A TEX brace.tex \[ \overbrace{a+\underbrace{b+c+d+e}+f+g} \] \[ \underbrace{h+i+\overbrace{j+k+l+m}^{x}+n}_{y} \] \vec{a} a \acute{a} á \grave{a} à \bar{a} ā \dot{a} ȧ \ddot{a} ä \breve{a} ă \tilde{a} ã \hat{a} â \check{a} ǎ i j \imath \jmath ı j L A TEX vector.tex $ \vec{a}, \acute{a}, \grave{a}, \bar{a}, \dot{a}, \ddot{a}, \breve{a}, \tilde{a}, \hat{a}, \check{a}, \vec{\imath}, \bar{\jmath} $

24 L A TEX (table) (item) (column) (row) tabular tabular tabular 2.3 array array tabular array tabular array l r c array & \\ L A TEX tabular.tex \begin{tabular}{lrc} & & \\ & & \\ & & \end{tabular} L A TEX 1 2 tabular t b 1 \begin 1 1 \begin{tabular}[t]{lrc} \begin L A TEX valign.tex

25 \begin{tabular}{l}1 \\2 \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}[t]{l}1 \\2 \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}[b]{l}1 \\2 \end{tabular} (ruled line) tabular ( ) {cc c } {c cc} L A TEX vline.tex \begin{tabular}{ c c r } & & \\ & & 22 \\ & & 23 \end{tabular} \hline \begin{tabular}{c} 1 \\ \hline 2 \end{tabular} \hline \hline \\ \hline \begin{tabular}{c}\hline 1 \\ 2 \\ \hline \end{tabular} 1 tabular \hline \begin{tabular}{c} 1 \\ \hline\hline

26 \end{tabular} 1 tabular L A TEX hline.tex \begin{tabular}{ccr} \hline & & \\ \hline\hline & & 22 \\ \hline & & 23 \\ \hline \end{tabular} \hline \cline \hline \cline { i - j} i j \cline{3-5} 3 5 L A TEX cline.tex \begin{tabular}{cccccc} \cline{2-5} 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\ \cline{1-2}\cline{5-6} 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\ \cline{1-1}\cline{3-4}\cline{6-6} \end{tabular} \multicolumn l r c 3 \multicolumn{4}{c}{ } 4 \multicolumn L A TEX multicol.tex \begin{tabular}{ c c c }\hline & & \\ \hline

27 27 \multicolumn{2}{ c }{2 } & \\ \hline & \multicolumn{2}{c }{2 } \\ \hline & \multicolumn{1}{r }{ } & \\ \hline \end{tabular} tabular L A TEX tabintab.tex \begin{tabular}{ c c }\hline & \begin{tabular}{c} 1 \\ 2 \end{tabular} \\ \hline \end{tabular} tabular l r c p{ } L A TEX 10 mm cm in pt em ex zw / M x tabular \begin \begin{tabular}{ccp{54mm}cc} 3 54 \multicolumn L A TEX width.tex \begin{tabular}{ c p{3cm} }\hline & \\ \hline & \multicolumn{1}{r }{ } \\ \hline & \multicolumn{1}{c }{ } \\ \hline \end{tabular} 4

28 (cross-reference) L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX (label) \label \ { } \label \label \section{ }\label{sec:insect} sec:insect L A TEX \ref sec:insect 8 \ref{sec:insect} L A TEX 8 L A TEX cross.tex \section{ }\label{sec:momo} \ref{sec:issun} \section{ }\label{sec:issun} \ref{sec:momo} L A TEX LaTeX Warning: There were undefined references. (warning) L A TEX 2 1 2

29 L A TEX (table of contents) L A TEX \tableofcontents L A TEX contents.tex \tableofcontents \section{ } \subsection{ } \subsection{ } \section{ } \subsection{ } \subsection{ } L A TEX (depth) \setcounter{tocdepth}{ } (preamble) 1.3 document (level number) jarticle (section) 1 (subsection) 2 L A TEX tocdepth.tex \setcounter{tocdepth}{1} \tableofcontents \section{ } \subsection{ } \subsection{ } \section{ } \subsection{ } \subsection{ } mendex L A TEX (index) L A TEX L A TEX L A TEX mendex mendex MakeIndex mendex MekeIndex

30 L A TEX mendex L A TEX \usepackage{makeidx} \makeindex document \printindex \index \index 1 \index{ } 24, 24 \index } (1) L A TEX L A TEX idx (idx file) idx L A TEX.idx (2) idx mendex mendex idx namako.idx mendex namako.idx.idx idx mendex L A TEX ind (ind file) ind idx.ind (3) L A TEX L A TEX ind \printindex L A TEX L A TEX index.tex \usepackage{makeidx} \makeindex \index{ } \index{ } Arcadia\index{Arcadia} } \printindex

31 L A TEX (definition) (redefinition) \kangaroo \DNA \CogitoErgoSum \ \who \WHO \Alien5 \carpe-diem \carpe_diem 1 \7 \ \newcommand document \newcommand \newcommand{ }{ } 2 \newcommand 2 1 L A TEX L A TEX TEX L A TEX L A TEX TEX \newcommand{\recipient}{ } \recipient \recipient L A TEX

32 32 5 TEX \newcommand{\recipientgt}{\textgt{ }} \recipientgt \small \large 1.5 \newcommand{\recipientlarge}{\large } \recipientlarge \large \newcommand{\recipientlarge}{{\large }} L A TEX newcomm.tex \newcommand{\recipientgt}{\textgt{ }} \newcommand{\recipientlarge}{{\large }} \recipientgt \recipientlarge \newcommand \newcommand{\small}{small is beautiful.} 1 L A TEX \newcommand \renewcommand \renewcommand \newcommand 1 2 L A TEX renewco.tex \renewcommand{\small}{small is beautiful.} \small anteater LCL JactaAleaEst ice ICE

33 \newenvironment document \newenvironment \newenvironment{ }{ }{ } 3 L A TEX \begin{ } \end{ } \newenvironment{booktitle}{ }{ } booktitle \begin{booktitle} \end{booktitle} L A TEX \begin \end \newenvironment{quotelarge}{\begin{quote}\large}{\end{quote}} quote quotelarge L A TEX newenvi.tex \newenvironment{quotelarge}{\begin{quote}\large}{\end{quote}} \begin{quotelarge} \end{quotelarge} \renewenvironment \renewenvironment \newenvironment L A TEX renewen.tex \renewenvironment{quote} {\begin{tabular}{ c }\hline}{\\\hline\end{tabular}} \begin{quote} \end{quote}

34 \newcommand{ }[ ]{ } \newcommand \newcommand{ }[4]{ } 4 \newcommand 2 (parameter) #1 #2... # \newcommand{\notbut}[3]{#1 #2 #3 } \notbut \notbut{ }{ }{ } \renewcommand L A TEX argcomm.tex \newcommand{\gtlarge}[1]{\textgt{\large #1}} \gtlarge{ } \newenvironment{ }[ ]{ }{ } \newenvironment #1 #2 \renewenvironment L A TEX argenvi.tex \newenvironment{titledquote}[1] {\begin{quote}\textgt{#1}\\}{\end{quote}} \begin{titledquote}{ } \end{titledquote}

35 L A TEX (counter) 1 (value) L A TEX (pagination) enumerate L A TEX L A TEX (definition) (counter name) 1 raccoon SVG EtInArcadiaEgo MUD mud \newcounter \setcounter \addtocounter \stepcounter \arabic \roman \Roman \alph \Alph 0 \newcounter{namako} namako \setcounter{namako}{24} namako namako 24 \addtocounter{namako}{3} namako 27 1 (Arabic numeral) (Roman numeral) 26

36 36 26 L A TEX counter.tex \newcounter{blanknumber} \newcommand{\blank} {\stepcounter{blanknumber}(~\arabic{blanknumber}~)} \blank \blank \blank \blank [Lamport,1994] Leslie Lamport, L A TEX: A Document Preparation System, Second Edition, Addison-Wesley, 1994, ISBN L A TEX 2ε 1999 ISBN [,1994] TEX 1994 ISBN ISBN [,2007] L A TEX 2ε 2007 ISBN [,1996] L A TEX 2ε 1996 ISBN [,2005] L A TEX 2ε 2005 ISBN

37 37 \, 11 \", 11 \#, 9 \$, 9 $...$, 17 \%, 9 \&, 9 \, 11 --, , 10.dvi, 5.idx, 30.ind, 30.pdf, 5.tex, 5 /, 19 \=, 11 \{, 21 \}, 21 \[...\], 18 \\, 9, 13, 14, 22, 24 ^, 18 \^, 9, 11 _, 18 \_, 9 \, 11 \{,, 25, 26 ~, 11 \~, 9, 11 a5paper, 7 \acute, 23 \addtocounter, 35 \aleph, 20 \Alph, 35 \alph, 35 \and, 14 \appendix, 15 \arabic, 35 array, 22, 24 \author, 14 b, 24 b4paper, 7 b5paper, 7 \backslash, 9 \bar, 23 \begin, 6, 24, 33 \bigcap, 21 \bigcup, 21 boldface, 13 \breve, 23 \bullet, 19 c, 22, 24, 26 \cap, 19 \cdots, 20 center, 13 \chapter, 14 \check, 23 \circ, 19 \cline, 26 cm, 27 \cos, 21 \cup, 19 \date, 14 \ddot, 23 \ddots, 20 \Delta, 20 \delta, 20 description, 16 \det, 21 displaymath, 18, 18 \div, 19 document, 6, 7 \documentclass, 7 11pt, 7 \dot, 23 12pt, 7 dviout, 5 dvipdfm, 5 dvipdfmx, 5 dvi, 5 PDF, 5, 5, 5 em, 27 \end, 6, 33 enumerate, 16 \equiv, 20 ex, 27 \exists, 20 flushleft, 13 flushright, 13 \footnote, 16 \footnotesize, 11

38 38 \forall, 20 \frac, 19 \Gamma, 20 \gamma, 20 \ge, 20 \grave, 23 \hat, 23 \hline, 25 HTML, 4 \Huge, 12 \huge, 12 \i, 11 idx, 30 \imath, 23 in, 27 \in, 20 \index, 30 ind, 30 \infty, 20 \int, 21 italic, 13 \item, 16 itemize, 16 \j, 11 jarticle, 7 jbook, 7 \jmath, 23 jreport, 7 Knuth, Donald, 4 l, 22, 24, 26 \label, 28 \Lambda, 20 \lambda, 20 Lamport, Leslie, 4 \LARGE, 12 \Large, 12 \large, 11 L A TEX, 4 \LaTeX, 8 L A TEX, 4, 4 \ldots, 20 \le, 20 \left, 21, 22 \Leftarrow, 20 \leftarrow, 20 \Leftrightarrow, 20 \leftrightarrow, 20 \lim, 21 \log, 21 log, 21 \longleftarrow, 20 \longleftrightarrow, 20 \longrightarrow, 20 MakeIndex, 29 \makeindex, 30 \maketitle, 14 math, 17, 18 medium, 13 mendex, 29 mm, 27 \mp, 19 \multicolumn, 26, 27 \neg, 20 \neq, 20 \newcommand, 31, 34 \newcounter, 35 \newenvironment, 33, 34 \ni, 20 \normalsize, 11 \not, 20 \overbrace, 23 \overline, 23 \part, 14 PDF, 5 dvi, 5 \pm, 19 pt, 27 quote, 16 r, 22, 24, 26 \ref, 28 \renewcommand, 32, 34 \renewenvironment, 33, 34 \right, 21, 22 \Rightarrow, 20 \rightarrow, 20 \Roman, 35 \roman, 35 roman, 12 sans serif, 12 \scriptsize, 11 \section, 15 \setcounter, 29, 35 \sin, 21 slanted, 13 \small, 11

39 39 Small Caps, 13 \sqrt, 19 \stepcounter, 35 \subsection, 15 \subset, 20 \subseteq, 20 \sum, 21 \supset, 20 \supseteq, 20 t, 24 \tableofcontents, 29 tabular, 24 TEX, 4 \TeX, 8 \textbf, 13 \textgt, 12 \textit, 13 \textmc, 12 \textmd, 13 \textrm, 12 \textsc, 13 \textsf, 12 \textsl, 13 \texttt, 12 \textup, 13 \thanks, 14 thebibliography, 17 \Theta, 20 \theta, 20 \tilde, 23 \times, 19 \tiny, 11 \title, 14 tocdepth, 29 typewriter, 10, 12 \underbrace, 23 \underline, 23 upright, 13 \usepackage, 30 \vdots, 20 \vec, 23 \vee, 19 \verb, 9, 17 \verb*, 10 verbatim, 9 verbatim*, 10 \wedge, 19 xdvi, 5 \Xi, 20 \xi, 20 zw, 27, 11, 10, 35, 35, 35, 35, 30, 20, 35, 20, 18, 22, 24, 18 dvi, 5, 27, 17, 15, 10, 15, 11, 6, 7, 7, 11, 7, 8, 9, 14, 33, 35, 35, 35, 35, 7, 21, 16, 23, 18, 7, 34, 6, 17, 31, 33, 33, 34, 6, 31, 32, 19, 11, 11

40 40, 10, 14, 16, 22, 24, 21, 22, 21, 22, 20, 9, 8, 11, 8, 11, 8, 21, 4, 28, 25, 25, 26, 14, 16, 24, 12, 6, 31, 32, 31, 34, 6, 31, 31, 11, 5, 28, 29, 18, 9, 18, 31, 33, 32, 29, 17, 12, 20, 33, 35, 11, 14, 23, 23, 18, 20 displaymath, 18 math, 18, 17, 12, 12, 25, 24, 25, 26, 19, 23, 17, 17, 19, 19, 28, 14, 28, 29, 14, 28, 29, 14, 35, 8, 12, 32, 20, 13, 22, 24, 27, 35, 28, 21, 18, 20, 14, 18, 10, 21, 25, 8, 27, 10, 9, 17, 6, 12, 32, 23, 8, 14, 14, 9, 11

41 L A TEX, 4, 35, 32, 31, 23, 31, 35, 35, 33, 31, 34, 34, 15, 18, 21, 9, 18, 27, 19, 10 L A TEX, 4, 22, 8, 10, 21, 6, 9, 31, 28, 26, 20, 18, 7, 29, 31, 33, 5, 15, 19, 7, 19, 19, 11, 19, 35, 19 dvi PDF, 5, 27, 7, 4, 4, 10, 18, 18, 21, 13, 22, 24, 15, 16, 35, 27, 12, 20, 29, 29, 6, 11, 34, 7, 34, 13, 22, 24, 20, 14, 20, 24, 27, 24, 27, 12, 28 dvi, 5, 22, 24, 11, 27, 14, 12, 14, 29, 29, 35, 4, 11, 4, 8, 4 41

1.2 L A TEX 2ε Unicode L A TEX 2ε L A TEX 2ε Windows, Linux, Macintosh L A TEX 2ε 1.3 L A TEX 2ε L A TEX 2ε 1. L A TEX 2ε 2. L A TEX 2ε L A TEX 2ε WYS

L A TEX 2ε 16 10 7 1 L A TEX 2ε L A TEX 2ε TEX Stanford Donald E. Knuth 1.1 1.1.1 Windows, Linux, Macintosh OS Adobe Acrobat Reader Adobe Acrobat Reader PDF 1.1.2 1 1.2 L A TEX 2ε Unicode L A TEX 2ε L