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6 Elephant Husbandry Resource Guide, Deborah Olson Saimon Amos Nazarius Domianus Unding Jami Leah Schein Rodi Tenquist Rob Colgan Benoît Goossens BCTJ Fieldskills Adventures Sdn Bhd. Cardiff University DGFC BCT BCT

Leah Schein Rodi Tenquist Rob Colgan Benoît Goossens BCTJ

8 Tri-national issues of conservation in the Nimba Mountain, West Africa - Chimpanzee as an indicator species Nicolas GRANIER 1, Laura MARTINEZ 2, Marie-Claude HUYNEN 1 and Tetsuro MATSUZAWA 3 ( 1 Behavioral Biology Unit, Department of Environmental Sciences,University of Liege 2 Research Institute of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul,Republic of Korea 3 Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan) The Nimba Mountain consists of a 40km-long scenic mountain chain rising abruptly more than 1000m above surrounding plains. It extends along the tri-national border between Guinea, Côte d Ivoire and Liberia and peaks at 1752m, constituting the third highest summit of Western Africa. It is classified as a Natural World Heritage site because of its picturesque landscape and unique biogeographical characteristics, the multiplicity of micro-climates and ecological niches that have favored the emergence of a highly diverse and endemic wildlife. It is located at the crossroads of 3 main ethnic influences (Manon, Yakuba and Kono) which result from ancient migratory fluxes and populations mixing. In either anthropological or biological terms, the Nimba Mountain can be defined as much by its intrinsic diversity as by its global homogeneity; a varied but single entity torn between different national administrative and protective statuses. The early protection of the Guinean and Ivorian parts of the Nimba Mountains has favored numerous scientific investigations initiated in the 1940s. The nowadays ongoing studies provide updated data on the conservation state of this unique site, showing that biodiversity in general, and chimpanzees in particular, are highly threatened by increased habitat destruction. During his PhD research in the Eastern part of Nimba, Granier has monitored the augmentation and diversification of human pressures in this complex multifactor context. Today s biggest challenges may consist of dealing with the trade-off between biodiversity preservation and local development, as well as to take up the elaboration of a global and coherent transnational program of natural resources management

Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan) The Nimba Mountain consists of a 40km-long scenic mountain chain rising abruptly more than 1000m above surrounding plains.

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14 3 54 NN Nearest Neighbor, NN NN 7 10 NN 2009 NN 2010 Anton Seimon Lilian Pintea Wildlife Conservation Society The Jane GoodallInstitute

15 A rapid reassessment of factors determining chimpanzee populations distribution and threats to their survival in the Republic of Mali, West Africa Laura Martinez 1 Nicolas Granier 2 Jae C. Choe 1 1 Institute of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Republic of Korea 2 Behavioral Biology Unit, Dept. of Environmental Sciences, University of Liège, Belgium The Bafing-Falémé area, located in southwestern part of the Republic of Mali (West Africa), is recognized internationally important for conservation of the West African chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus and constitutes the northernmost limit of the species distribution (Duvall et al. 2003, Kormos et al. 2003). In 2003, Granier and Martinez (2004) conducted a first assessment in the area of the project Bafing-Falémé Transboundary Protected Area, covering nearly the entire range of chimpanzee distribution in Mali. Three monitoring methods were combined to obtain a general overview of chimpanzees situation: interviews with villagers, opportunistic reconnaissance surveys and nest/vegetation surveys on line transect in three Sample Areas. In February 2010, a rapid reassessment was conducted throughout the same area. Reconnaissance surveys were carried out in seven sites that were previously identified as important habitats, including the three Focal Areas. Indirect indices of chimpanzees presence, habitat preferences and behavior were recorded and georeferenced. Interviews were conducted in the same villages as 2003, or in new villages located nearby. Some of the interviewees were the same, allowing a precise evaluation of changes occurred during this 7-years time interval. Overall, this reassessment showed that chimpanzees situation has not drastically changed between 2003 and However, development of human activities has increased the pressure on chimpanzee populations. Agricultural expansion continues to represent the main threat. Several other factors increasingly hinder chimpanzee conservation: mining, conflict over space and resources, wildfires, and hunting. Most crucially, a road is under construction through the area. This new international commercial axe is expected to amplify vulnerability to all other threats. Future studies will focus on assessing impacts of this new road on the survival of chimpanzee populations in Mali. STRESS ASSESSMENT IN FREE-RANGING WESTERN LOWLAND GORILLAS IN TROPICAL FOREST: MOUKALABA-DOUDOU NATIONAL PARK, GABON. Chimène NZE NKOGUE 1 Shiho FUJITA 2 Philippe MBEHANG NGUEMA 1 Chieko ANDO 4 Michiko OGINO 2 Yuji TAKENOSHITA 3 Yuji IWATA 3 Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET)/CENAREST, Gabon 2 Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Japan 3 Faculty of Child studies, Chubu Gakuin University, Japan 4 Graduate School of Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan For many years, wild gorillas have been habituated to human observers for both research and ecotourism purposes. Direct observation of wild gorillas make it possible to offer fascinating experience to tourists as well as to collect behavioral data in a social or ecological study. Although close and frequent contact with human can cause stress to the subjected animals, there are few quantitative data concerning such human impacts. In this study, in order to evaluate stress levels during habituation, fecal cortisol level was assessed. In the Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon, one group of western lowland gorillas called Group Gentil (GG) has been habituated since November After 21 months, we achieved all-day follows of GG, and the behavioral responses of the group members to human observers changed as habituation progressed. During habituation, we collected fecal samples and measured cortisol levels using Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA). In the first phase of habituation, cortisol level decreased, and then it increased again as the duration of observation became longer. These results show that the gorillas should be susceptible to intensive observations even though they were accustomed to the presence of human observers. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that non-invasive cortisol measurement is useful for stress assessment in free-ranging western lowland gorillas.

of Environmental Sciences, University of Liège, Belgium The Bafing-Falémé area, located in southwestern part of the Republic of Mali (West Africa), is recognized internationally important for

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ñ{ï 01-65 191252005.2 19 *1 *2 *3 19562000 45 10 10 Abstract A review of annual change in leading rice varieties for the 45 years between 1956 and 2000 in Japan yielded 10 leading varieties of non-glutinous lowland