¢éïîùóÞðïùìï÷ 1è 2005 óåì. 10

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1 13 ﾌ ｧ ｸ ｧ8 6ｾ4TOMA 2005; 33 : 39 ｨC ｧ fiapple ﾇ ｧ apple ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ0 020ｷ ｷ ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｦﾐ ﾌ03086ｾ4 ﾌ09 ﾌ08 ﾌ6ｾ4 1, ｦﾐ ﾌ03086ｾ4 ﾌ09 ﾌ08 ﾌ6ｾ4 2 6ﾑ ｧ ﾌ ｧ80ｹ ｸ ｧ80ｹ0, 6ﾒ2006ｧ800 ﾌ ｧ80ｹ0 ﾞ0905 Reducing marginal leakage of composite resin restorations D. DIONISOPOULOS 1, P. DIONISOPOULOS 1 Dep. of Operative Dentistry, Dental School of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki ｧ ﾇ ｧ ｧ904 0ｸ ｸ703006ｧ9 07 apple 閨 閨 apple03fi ｹ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ ｹ0. ﾞapple0802 閨 ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ0 006ｧ ｸ7apple ｸ ｧ ｸ ｦ0, 09 apple ｧ , 08 apple ｷ fi0ｹ0 020ｷ apple fi0ｹ0 020ｷ ｧ90ｷ ｹ fi ｹ0. ﾇ ｧ904 0ｸ ｧ , 020ｸ7036ｧ90ｷ30ｹ0, ｸ ｧ8 apple08030ｸ ｦ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ apple 03026ｧ8 040ｸ70902fi ｧ ｹ ｹ fi ｹ ｹ ｹ0 apple ｹ0 apple080ｸ7, 00apple6ｧ904090ｹ0, apple 6ｧ9ｨB fi 03fi ｧ ｸ7 040ｸ ｧ ｧ80ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｦ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｦ ｦ0. 縺 apple ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ0, ｧ ｧ ｹ0 閨 ｹ0, 閨04080ｸ707 apple ｧ ｹ 閨0ｹ0. ﾌ 閨0ｹ0 0ｸ702 閨0ｹ0 apple ｧ9ｨb080ｸ ｹ0 040ｸ707 鐶pple ｹ ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ0 apple08030ｸ ｦ ｸ ｸ ｧ ｸ ｦ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｹ fi ｹ0. 6ｾ402060ｹ 閨0ｹ apple ｹ ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ0 apple apple086ｧ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｷ fi 08016ｦ0 37%, apple086ｧ ｸ apple 03 09fi07020ｷ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｧ ｷ307 00apple ｷ ｸ7 閨 ｷ ｷ ｷ307. 6ﾑ8apple6ｧ904090ｹ0, 閨04080ｸ707 apple ｧ apple08apple08066ｧ ｹ apple ｸ76ｧ8 020ｷ ｧ8020ｷ307, ｹ0 00apple6ｧ904090ｹ apple08apple08066ｧ ｹ ｹ 閨0ｹ ｹ0 0208apple0803 閨 ｹ apple08030ｸ ｦ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0. Summary Marginal leakage seems to be an inherent shortcoming of composite resin restorations. Leaky margins may result in postoperative sensitivity, invasion by bacteria and subsequent inflammatory changes in the pulp, and the development of secondary caries. The polymerization shrinkage of the material, the difference in thermal expansion between composite resin and the tooth structure and the inadequate adhesion to the cavity walls are the primary causes of marginal leakage of composite resins. A number of techniques or materials have been advocated to improve the clinical adaptation of composite resin and to reduce marginal leakage. They limit the effect of polymerization shrinkage and/or enhance the bonding of the composite resin to the tooth structure. They are the use of the acid-etch technique and dentin bonding agents, the use of cavity liners and bases, changes in the design of the cavity preparations and the use of incremental placement technique. E6ｦ1EI6ｾ4 K EI04IA: ﾌ ｧ ｧ904 0ｸ70409, 6ｾ46ｦ ｧ KEY WORDS: Marginal leakage, Composite resin. 6ｾ ｹ ﾑ ｧ ｹ ﾌ ｧ ｹ0 2 ﾞ07 apple ｷ3026ｧ80ｹ0 ﾒ ｧ80ｹ0 Received on 5 th Nov., Accepted on 25 th Jan., Dentist 2 Assoc. Professor

2 1340 6ﾑ ｷ3096ｧ8 ﾇ ｧ8 apple03fi04080ｸ ｷ ｸ ｸ70ｹ ｦ00ｹ ｦ00ｹ0 apple ｧ9 閨 ｧ ｧ ｧ ｸ7 apple ｦ ｸ7, 02fi ｸ70207 apple080ｸ ｧ ｦ fiapple apple 鐶pple080ｸ ｧ904 0ｸ ﾌ ｧ ｧ904 0ｸ ｧ ｧ ｹ ｸ , ｧ90ｷ307, apple03080ｸ8fi07020ｷ ｦ ｷ ｸ 閨 ｧ8 apple fi ﾇ ｧ ｧ904 0ｸ apple ｧ apple apple ｧ800 02, fiapple0ｷ30ｹ0 09 0ｸ7apple ｸ ｧ ｸ ｦ0 apple080ｸ , 09 apple ｧ , 08 apple ｷ fi0ｹ0 020ｷ apple fi0ｹ0 020ｷ ｧ90ｷ ｹ fi ｹ0. ﾇ ｧ ｧ904 0ｸ ｸ703006ｧ9 07 apple ｦ apple03fi ｹ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0. 6ﾒ208 apple03fi ｸ702fi 096ｧ ｦ fi fi ｹ0 閨 ｹ ｧ apple026ｧ ｧ90709, fiapple0ｷ30ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ ｹ0 0ｸ 閨0ｹ0 apple 閨0ｹ0 6ｧ8 fi ｧ ｹ ﾇ ｧ ｧ904 0ｸ ｧ ｸ7036ｧ90ｷ30ｹ ｸ ｧ8 apple08030ｸ ｦ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ ｹ02,3,4, ｹ0 00apple6ｧ904090ｹ ｹ 閨0ｹ ｹ ｧ9 0ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 040ｸ ｧ907080ｸ fi00 2,4. ﾇ ｧ8 040ｸ ｧ8 apple08030ｸ ｦ0 020ｷ ｦ ｷ ｸ700 6ｧ applefi 0,2% 00 閨 % 5,6, ｸ ｧ fi ｸ700 6ｧ applefi 1,7% 00 閨 ,7% 7,8. ﾌ06 0ｸ ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 07 apple026ｦ apple08030ｸ fi 020ｷ ｦ ｷ ｸ700 6ｧ applefi 2,8 00 閨 ,9 09Pa 閨04080ｸ707 0ｷ30ｹ0 apple0802 閨 apple08-02fi ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 applefi ｹ fi ｹ0, apple 02fi03080ｸ fi apple ｦ ｸ ｹ 閨0ｹ ｹ ｧ9 0ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 040ｸ ｧ907080ｸ fi00, 0208 apple03fi ｧ fi fi0ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｧ80ｹ0 020ｷ ｸ70703 閨020ｷ ｧ apple08036ｦ ｦ ｹ0 applefi 0ｸ702fi07 020ｷ ｾ40ｸ 閨07, fi0ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｧ80ｹ0 020ｷ ｸ70703 閨020ｷ ｧ9070ｷ ｸ700 6ｧ applefi 閨 ppm/c04, fi0ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｧ80ｹ0 020ｷ ｧ ppm/C ﾌ applefi0ｹ ｹ ｧ9 0ｹ0 0ｸ7026ｧ80ｹ0 006ｧ apple 03080ｸ7046ｧ ｷ ｦ ｷ307 applefi6 7000ｷ307 apple080ｸ7 閨04080ｸ 閨 ｧ apple ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ0 020ｷ ｷ ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0. 6ﾒ 閨0ｹ apple ｹ ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ0 ﾇ apple ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ0 020ｷ ｷ ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 閨 apple ｧ apple08036ｦ ｸ70ｹ ｸ 閨0ｹ ｧ ｸ702 6ｧ9 0403fi0706. ﾞapple0802 閨 ｷ ｸ ｸ ｧ apple 03080ｸ7046ｧ ｹ ｹ0 applefi 閨0ｹ ｸ , apple086ｧ9000ｹ0 0ｸ7apple ｧ fi ｸ ｸ apple fi 02090ｹ ｸ704fiapple080ｸ703080ｹ0, ｸ704fiapple080ｸ703080ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ0 020ｷ ｷ307. ﾒ ｧ ｧ ｹ0 apple apple086ｧ ｹ0 020ｷ ｷ ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0, apple ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ fiｨB apple086ｧ ｷ fi 08016ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 020ｷ ｷ ｷ ｹ fi ｹ apple ｦ ｸ ｧ9 apple ｹ ｸ7 閨 ﾑ8apple6ｧ904090ｹ0, 閨04080ｸ707 apple ｧ apple08apple08066ｧ ｹ apple ｸ76ｧ8 020ｷ ｧ8020ｷ307, ｹ apple08apple08066ｧ ｹ ｧ ｹ0 0208apple0803 閨 ｹ apple08030ｸ ｦ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0. 1. ﾇ 0308apple086ｧ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 ﾇ ｧ ｹ0 0308apple086ｧ ｹ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｷ fi 08016ｦ0 37% 006ｧ 閨07 0ｹ0 apple fi0ｹ0 0203fiapple080ｹ ｧ90ｷ ｸ ｦ ｦ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0, apple080ｸ7 閨 ｷ30ｹ0 apple0802 閨 ｷ ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ011,12. 6ｾ402060ｹ0 apple000306apple ｹ0, fi000ｷ30ｹ0, apple080ｸ fi apple ｧ apple 閨03 applefi 02 fi ｧ907090ｹ ｹ107090ｹ0, fiapple0ｷ30ｹ 閨07000ｹ0 0ｸ fi ｹ fi ｹ ｸ 閨0ｹ fi ｹ apple 閨 apple03080ｹ ｦ003, ｧ8 0ｸ7026ｧ8 006ｧ apple 03026ｧ80ｹ ｧ apple086ｧ ｹ0 閨 ｹ013,14. ﾇ 04036ｧ ｸ7 0308apple ｦ ｦ ｹ ｧ90709 閨 ｷ30ｹ0 apple0802 閨 ｧ ｸ 閨03080ｸ70ｹ0 020ｷ307 apple ｷ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0, apple080ｸ fiapple0608 閨 ｧ ｧ ｹ0, 0000 apple0802 閨 ｦ ｹ0 00apple ｹ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 閨 apple 086ｧ ｧ90709, ｷ30ｹ ｦ002080ｸ apple08036ｦ ｦ ｹ0 040ｸ ｹ0. ﾇ 6ｦ ｸ7026ｧ80ｹ ｹ0 040ｸ ｹ0 006ｧ apple0802 閨 ｸ ｦ0 apple08036ｦ ｸ ｦ0 apple ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 00 閨 ｸ70ｹ0 applefi03080ｸ70ｹ ｹ0 0308apple 閨07090ｹ ｧ907090ｹ015. 6ﾑ803000ｸ 閨0ｹ ｧ9000ｹ0 閨04080ｸ ｧ fi fi0ｹ ｧ apple ｨB applefi apple fi ｸ 閨080ｹ016,17, fi apple086ｧ ｹ018, fi0708 apple030ｸ7-046ｧ ｹ ｧ ﾇ apple086ｧ ｸ apple 03 09fi07020ｷ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 ﾇ ｸ7036ｧ ｹ ｹ0 040ｸ70902fi ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｸ70ｹ ｦ00ｹ ｦ00ｹ apple ｦ ｧ ｹ0 0ｸ ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ0, apple08030ｸ fi 02090ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0, ｧ ｧ8 apple03fi04080ｸ fi ｹ fi ｹ0. ﾇ 00apple6ｧ902000ｸ70109, fi000ｷ30ｹ0, ｹ apple ｧ80ｹ ｹ ｹ0 apple03fi04080ｸ704090ｹ ｧ90709 apple08 006ｧ fi ｧ apple08036ｦ0 apple0608 6ｦ applefi fi ｧ ﾇ 046ｦ ｸ ｦ0 0ｸ ｦ ｧ ｧ ｷ ｸ apple 03 09fi ｷ307. ﾌ fi0ｹ apple086ｧ ｦ ｸ ｧ9 apple ｹ0 00apple06020ｸ ｸ707 0ｸ702fi fi 006ｧ apple 03fi ｹ ｸ702fi ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0, ｧ8

3 13 ﾇ ｧ apple ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ0 020ｷ ｷ ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｧ8 046ｦ ｷ307 apple08030ｸ apple ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｷ30ｹ0, 03fi090ｷ3 020ｷ ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｦ ｧ9-0709, apple086ｧ9 00apple06-020ｸ ｸ7026ｧ ｦ , 閨03080ｸ ﾌ06 046ｦ ｸ ｧ9 apple ｹ0 apple ｦ applefi 閨07 fi ｸ fi (040ｸ7076ｧ8030ｷ30ｹ0 080ｷ fi 08016ｦ0) apple ｧ90ｷ ｹ0 00apple ｹ ｹ ｧ ｹ 閨 ｷ fi070ｷ ﾑ8apple6ｧ904090ｹ0, applefi 閨 apple ｧ8 (primer) apple080ｸ7 apple 閨 ｸ7 03fi ｸ ｧ8, apple080ｸ ｦ0080ｸ 閨 apple ｷ300 閨0709 ｨB 閨03080ｹ0, 閨 閨0ｹ ｹ0 0ｸ709036ｧ80ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0, apple080ｸ ｸ70902fi ｸ7 03fi ｸ fi 02080ｸ7 primer 00 閨 apple ｷ300 閨0709 ｨB ﾇ apple ｧ8 0ｸ7026ｧ8 apple080ｸ7 040ｸ ｹ0 apple ｷ300 閨 ｧ90709, fi apple08030ｸ 閨 ｧ ｨB ｸ ｧ8 ｨB ﾇ apple03 閨 ｦ 閨 ｷ ｸ apple 03 09fi07020ｷ ｧ ｸ702086ｧ9 apple080ｸ7 apple 閨04080ｸ apple ｦ00ｹ apple 閨0ｹ0 (self-etching primers)01 026ｦ fi 02080ｸ70ｹ0 006ｧ fi ｧ ｹ0 apple ｧ90ｷ304090ｹ ｹ apple086ｧ ｹ0 096ｧ 閨 fi ｷ3036ｧ9ｨB ｦ ｧ9000ｹ fi0ｹ ｧ9080ｸ ｦ ｧ90ｷ ｾ ｸ fi0ｹ ｧ9080ｸ apple fi0ｹ0 apple ｹ0, apple ｧ80ｹ ｧ ｦ ｧ90908 apple apple0803 閨 ｧ ｸ70ｹ ｧ ﾌ 040ｸ fi0ｹ0 apple ｹ0 006ｧ90200 apple 閨 ｹ ｸ70ｹ ｦ00ｹ ｦ00ｹ 閨 fi ｧ fiｨB ｦ00ｹ apple026ｧ803000ｹ apple ｸ ｧ ｹ ｧ80ｹ0. 6ｾ ｸ ｦ ｧ90ｷ307, apple fi0ｹ apple ｧ80ｹ0 08 閨 ｷ ｧ8 040ｸ ｸ7 046ｧ9 applefi ｸ709036ｧ ｧ90709, ｸ709036ｧ ｧ90709 apple ｧ ｸ7 03fi ｸ ｧ8, ｧ ｧ ｸ fi apple08apple 閨 ｧ8 00apple 縺 apple ｧ90ｷ ｷ apple ｦ fi ｧ fi ｹ0 080ｷ 閨0ｹ ｹ0 fiapple0ｷ30ｹ0 apple Clear SE Bond Prompt L-Pop, 6ｧ ｧ ｸ 閨0ｹ ｹ0, fiapple0ｷ30ｹ0 apple Unifil Bond Fluorobond 22. ﾌ apple ｧ apple 閨0ｹ ph 02080ｸ70ｹ0 040ｷ3036ｧ9ｨB ｸ703086ｦ00ｹ0, fi ph 006ｧ fi applefi ｧ8apple06080ｸ70ｹ0 fi ph 006ｧ ｦ applefi 2. ﾌ fi0ｹ0 040ｸ70902fi ｹ0 020ｷ ｸ apple 03 09fi07020ｷ ｹ ｧ9 0ｹ0 0ｸ7026ｧ80ｹ0 006ｧ fi0ｹ0 0ｸ ｧ80ｹ0 ｨB ｹ0 apple ｸ70ｹ0 applefi 0,1-100m ｧ8apple m ｸ ｸ ﾒ2 apple ｧ ｹ ｧ804090ｹ0 020ｷ apple apple ｧ fi ｨB fi apple086ｧ ｹ0, ｸ7apple apple03fi ｹ ｧ ｸ704090ｹ ｸ ｦ0080ｸ ｸ fi07080ｸ7, apple ｸ ｸ 閨080ｹ fi, 閨09070ｷ 閨03, fi0206 0ｸ7apple ｧ9040ｷ ｸ ｸ70ｹ0 apple ｧ90ｷ304090ｹ ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0, 0000 apple0802 閨 apple080ｸ7046ｧ ｷ fi ｸ 閨07080ｸ ｧ ｦ ｦ0 applefi ｸ7apple ｧ ｸ709066ｧ ｧ ﾞ0ｸ702fi 閨 ｷ30ｹ0 040ｸ707 鐶pple ｧ90ｷ ｹ0 040ｸ70407fi ｹ0 020ｷ ｸ ﾒ ｧ ｷ apple apple ｧ fi ｧ9ｨB fi ｧ ｸ70400fi ｦ ｧ907090ｹ0 040ｸ apple 03 09fi07020ｷ ｸ70703 閨020ｷ , ｦ ｸ ｷ ｧ90ｷ ｧ80ｹ fi0206 apple 03080ｸ ｨB080ｸ707 apple 閨 fi ｧ 縺 ｸ70ｹ0 03fi09080ｸ70ｹ0 0ｸ702086ｦ00ｹ0, ｧ ｸ70ｹ0 apple03 鐶pple ｧ fi apple ｧ8 020ｷ307 apple000306apple ｷ apple apple06086ｦ ﾌ fi0ｹ ｹ0 0ｸ ｧ80ｹ0 ｨB ｹ ｧ ｧ904 0ｸ ｸ7 03fi ｷ ｸ ｧ902020ｸ ｸ7 apple ｷ300 閨07080ｸ fi07080ｸ7 apple080ｸ ｧ9ｨB apple ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｸ7 0308apple ｧ8 25. ﾇ ｨB ｸ7026ｧ8 006ｧ ｧ8 ｨB fi fi 閨 ｸ 閨0ｹ fi ｹ0, ｹ ｦ ｧ907090ｹ ｦ ｹ ｧ ｹ020. ﾌ fi ｹ0 0ｸ702 閨0ｹ0 00apple 鐶pple080ｸ ｸ ｧ8 ｨB ｷ30ｹ0 apple ｧ80ｹ ｷ ｦ ｹ fi ｹ0 apple 03 00fi03080ｷ304090ｹ ｹ0 0ｸ ｹ ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ0 apple08030ｸ ｦ0, 02090ｹ ｧ80ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ ｧ80ｹ 閨03080ｹ ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｹ0 閨 ｹ apple fi ｦ fi apple 閨 ｷ ｸ apple fi ｷ ｦ ｷ ｸ apple 03 09fi07020ｷ307 apple 03080ｸ7046ｧ 閨0ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｧ apple apple6ｧ9apple00, 閨02000ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ0 020ｷ307 0ｸ ｸ ｧ apple fi apple fi ｸ70ｹ0. ﾇ apple080ｸ7 00apple ｧ9 07 閨 ｦ fi0ｹ ｦ0 0ｸ ｦ fi 0ｸ7applefi ｷ300, fiapple0ｷ30ｹ fi0708, 閨 ｸ703096ｧ 閨 ｷ fi ｧ9 fi ｧ applefi fiapple0ｷ ｸ707-0ｸ7 0400fi ｹ 閨0ｹ 閨0ｹ0 00apple ｹ ｸ ｦ0 apple ｹ ｸ ｦ007 apple030800apple0803 閨 ｹ apple ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ ｹ0 0ｸ ｧ80ｹ0 ｨB ｹ0, 0000 apple08-02 閨 fi apple 閨04 applefi 02 08apple086ｧ ｦ0080ｸ ｸ7046ｧ9000ｹ0 applefi fi apple ﾒ fi ｸ702fi ｧ ｧ904 0ｸ 閨 ｧ 閨 ,29. 縺 apple ｸ7 apple ｧ ｹ ｹ0 apple ｹ ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ ｹ0 0ｸ ｧ80ｹ0 ｨB ｹ0 apple apple ｧ ｹ0 ｨB ｹ ｸ7 apple ｷ300 閨07080ｸ fi07080ｸ ｦ ｸ7apple ｷ ｸ70ｹ ｧ9080ｸ7 (NaOCl) ｹ0 040ｸ ｹ0, apple086ｧ apple08apple ｧ apple ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｸ ｹ apple fi apple 閨07080ｸ fi07080ｸ7 6ｧ apple ｦ ｹ0, apple036ｧ8030ｷ30ｹ0, fi ﾌ06 00apple ｹ0 0ｸ702 閨0ｹ ｧ9ｨB080ｸ707 0ｸ 閨

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5 13 ﾇ ｧ apple ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ0 020ｷ ｷ ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ 閨0ｹ 閨02000ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 閨 , 閨 fi apple ｸ76ｧ8 0ｸ7026ｧ8 閨 ｷ30ｹ0 apple0802 閨 ｦ apple 086ｧ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ fi ｹ0 閨 ｹ fi ｧ904 0ｸ ,57. ﾇ apple ｸ76ｧ8, fi000ｷ30ｹ0, 0ｸ7026ｧ8 閨 閨07080ｸ70ｹ0 apple ｦ00ｹ0, 閨07 0ｹ0 applefi 02080ｸ70ｹ0 08apple086ｧ9080ｸ70ｹ0 006ｧ fi fi apple03 鐶pple apple ｧ apple 閨03 applefi 0208 fi ｧ907090ｹ ｹ107090ｹ0. ﾇ apple08apple086ｧ ｸ7026ｧ ｧ ｧ 鐶pple fi0706. ﾌ06 040ｸ 閨0ｹ ｧ9 000ｹ apple ｦ apple fi ｧ90ｷ ｹ0 040ｸ ｹ0 020ｷ ｷ ｹ ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｧ9 fi ｧ ｹ0 6ｧ8 6ｦ ｧ9 0ｷ ｸ fi 02086ｧ9040ｷ ｧ8020ｷ ｹ ｹ ｦ ｧ90709 閨 ｷ30ｹ0 apple0802 閨 ｷ ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ ｸ ｧ8 apple ｧ ｹ0 閨 ｹ059. ﾇ ｧ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 020ｷ ｷ ｧ90ｷ ｷ ｧ8020ｷ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ ｹ0, 006ｧ apple03 閨0807 apple fi0ｹ0 0203fiapple080ｹ apple ｹ ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ ｷ30ｹ0 apple0802 閨 fi ｦ ｹ0 00apple ｹ0 040ｸ70902fi ｹ ｸ703096ｧ9 000ｸ707080ｸ802fi ｷ307 apple030800apple0803 閨04000ｷ apple086ｧ ｷ307 apple ｷ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｧ9 fi ｹ fi ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 閨04080ｸ ｧ ｷ ｸ7 fi0306, apple 03080ｸ ｨB080ｸ fi ｧ904 0ｸ , 00apple06apple03 閨0807, ｦ ｸ ｦ ｧ904040ｸ ｸ apple ｧ ｹ ｦ ｦ ｧ ｷ ｸ ｧ ｧ904-0ｸ70409 閨 apple ｧ9, 00apple6ｧ904090ｹ0, fi02 07 apple ｸ707ｨB ｷ ｧ ｧ ｹ0 0ｸ ｧ80ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0, ｧ ｧ ｧ ｦ0030ｸ applefi apple ｧ ｧ8 61. ﾞ0ｸ702fi 00apple ｧ ｧ , fi apple ｸ76ｧ ｧ ｸ apple6ｧ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0, apple fi , applefi fi ｧ ﾇ ｷ ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ0 02fi apple ｧ ｷ ｧ ｧ8 fi ｸ ｧ ｧ8, apple08 fi applefi 02080ｸ70ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ90ｹ ｸ 閨 ｦ003080ｹ0 0308apple 閨07090ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0, 02090ｹ0 08apple086ｧ9 0ｹ0 08 apple fi0ｹ0 020ｷ307 apple ｷ307 apple 03006ｧ90400 閨07 07 apple ｸ707080ｸ802fi 026ｦ0apple apple086ｧ ｹ ｧ apple08apple086ｧ ｹ0 2090ｹ ｹ0 apple080ｸ 閨 fi ｧ8 apple ｧ8, 006ｧ apple ｸ76ｧ ｹ0 6ｧ8 6ｦ ｸ ｸ ｷ apple ｧ8 6ｧ ｷ3076ｧ9 62. ﾌ06 040ｸ ｧ90ｹ0 0ｸ7apple ｧ fi ｸ 閨0ｹ0 6ｦ ｹ0 00apple ｦ ｸ ｦ ｧ 閨 ｹ0, ｸ7 apple08030ｸ ｦ0, ｹ0 閨 ｧ907 0ｸ70708 applefi04apple 046ｧ80ｹ ｹ0 applefi fi 02086ｧ9040ｷ300. ﾒ ｸ702 6ｧ9 0403fi apple ｸ76ｧ8 020ｷ ｧ8020ｷ apple ｧ ｧ9 07 陦 ｧ8 apple080ｸ ｧ9ｨB ｧ ｦ ｹ0 閨03080ｹ apple ｦ00ｹ0 02fi ｸ70ｹ0. 6ﾒ2 apple ｧ ｹ ｧ80ｹ0 0ｸ7026ｧ80ｹ0 006ｧ fi0ｹ0 閨 ｹ ｹ0 apple ｸ76ｧ80ｹ ｧ fi ｹ0 applefi07080ｹ0, 03fi030ｸ ｹ fi ﾒ 閨 ｧ8 0ｸ7026ｧ8 apple 03fi02030ｸ 閨03000ｸ apple ｷ303006ｧ9, applefi0408, 09 00apple ｸ ｦ0 apple080ｸ7 閨 apple ｸ ｧ ｯ 0ｸ702fi fiapple08, apple 03080ｸ ｨB apple086ｧ ｦ ｸ70902fi ｦ ｧ fi ｧ904 0ｸ ﾒ2 apple 閨 陦 fi0206 apple ｸ7 閨0ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 閨 ｧ8 0ｸ7026ｧ fi ｧ904 0ｸ , 00apple6ｧ904090ｹ0, 0007 apple 03080ｸ ｦ ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｸ ｦ ｦ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ055,66 6ｧ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ fi000ｷ30ｹ ｧ90ｷ ｸ ｦ ｧ ｸ7apple ｸ ｧ ｹ0 applefi ｹ067, ﾒ 閨0ｹ0 閨 ｹ0 6ﾑ8apple0006 6ｧ ｸ ｧ8 apple08030ｸ ｦ0 020ｷ ｸ70703 閨020ｷ ｷ3076ｧ9ｨB ｸ ｧ ｧ8 020ｷ ｷ307, 閨04080ｸ707 apple ｧ ｹ 閨0ｹ0 0208apple0803 閨 ｹ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ fi applefi ｷ ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ0 apple08030ｸ ｦ ｷ ｸ70700apple ｹ ｧ8 0208apple0803 閨 ｹ ｹ0 080ｷ30208apple08030ｸ ｨBfi ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 006ｧ apple0803 閨 ｧ ｹ0. ﾇ ｧ ｹ ｧ80ｹ0 0ｸ7026ｧ80ｹ0 006ｧ fi ｹ fi ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 apple08030ｸ ｧ9ｨb , ｷ303006ｧ ｧ8 040ｸ ｧ8. 6ﾑ8apple6ｧ ｹ0, 0208apple ｹ apple08030ｸ ｧ9ｨb ｹ ｦ ｧ apple06020ｸ ｷ ｸ7 apple C 閨 ｹ0 0208apple0803 閨 ｹ0 fi03090ｹ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0, 0000 apple0802 閨 ｷ ｷ ｷ307 apple080ｸ7 07 apple026ｦ apple08030ｸ fi. ﾌ apple ｷ307 C applefi ｧ ｹ fi ｹ ｨB applefi fi ｷ ｸ ｦ ｷ307 00apple , apple086ｧ9000ｹ 閨04080ｸ ｸ707 02fi ｧ80ｹ0, apple03080ｹ ｹ ｸ ｦ ｹ0 00apple ｹ0, ｧ8 apple03080ｹ0 0ｸ702 閨0ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 閨04080ｸ ｸ707 02fi ｧ80ｹ apple fi ｹ0 00apple ｹ0 閨 fi fi ｦ apple C 閨040006, ｸ707 鐶pple0006, ｸ ｧ8 apple08030ｸ ｦ0, apple026ｦ ｦ ｹ ｹ0 apple0802fi ｹ ｧ9 fi apple0803 閨 ｹ0 080ｷ30208apple08030ｸ ｨBfi ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｦ00ｹ0-07apple0ｷ 閨0ｹ ｹ apple apple086ｧ ｸ7 080ｷ30208apple08030ｸ ｦ0 apple ｷ , 閨 ｷ30ｹ0 apple ｧ ｷ ｹ0 apple 03 00fi03080ｷ304090ｹ0 020ｷ ｸ ｷ , 00apple6ｧ904090ｹ0, ｧ ｷ ｸ7 0ｸ ｦ0 apple ｦ ｸ ｷ30ｹ0, apple ｸ ｦ apple apple ｹ0 ｦﾐｦﾐ ｹ ｧ ｧ apple0803 閨 ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｸ7076ｧ fiapple08, 06fi ｷ30208apple08030ｸ fi ｦ ｧ ｧ apple ｸ ｧ9 applefi ｸ fi 02086ｧ9040ｷ ｷ ｧ8020ｷ307, 03fi090ｷ ｸ7 fi ｸ ｧ8 apple08030ｸ ｦ0 閨 ｦ0030ｸ apple03080ｹ ｷ ｧ8 apple09096ｧ8, 09 08apple086ｧ9 040ｸ7076ｧ8030ｷ30ｹ ｧ ｹ0 閨 ｹ0. ﾇ ｸ7026ｧ8 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 apple03080ｹ ｷ ｧ8 apple09096ｧ8 006ｧ ｸ707 02fi 07 apple ｦ ｸ7 -

6 apple080ｸ ｧ ｷ3 applefi 閨 , apple 02fi03080ｸ ｸ703096ｧ ｦ ｷ3 applefi ｸ7 閨 ｹ0 apple0608 apple fi0ｹ0 0203fiapple080ｹ0 閨 ｹ ｧ ｸ702fi0ｹ apple086ｧ apple ｧ 閨0ｹ fi 02086ｧ9040ｷ ｧ80ｹ ｧ807, 09 08apple086ｧ9 閨 fi 閨 ｷ ｧ8 閨 ｸ fi 02086ｧ9040ｷ ｹ fi ｹ072. ﾒ ｧ8 0ｸ7026ｧ8, 0208 apple ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 0208apple ｧ ｸ fi 02086ｧ9-040ｷ ｹ fi ｹ apple08030ｸ ｧ9ｨb 閨04080ｸ ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｦ00ｹ ｧ807 0ｹ0 applefi ｦ0030ｸ ｷ ｦ0030ｷ fiapple08 0ｸ702fi, ｸ fi 040ｸ70402 閨 apple03080ｹ ｦ0030ｸ ｸ7 0ｸ ｦ ｹ ｹ fi ｹ0. ﾒ 02fiapple0607, 0208apple ｧ ｦ ｧ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ apple08030ｸ ｧ9ｨb applefi apple ｧ ｷ ｧ8 apple03000ｸ ｹ0 閨 ｹ0. 6ﾒ2 閨03080ｹ0, 0208apple ｧ fi , apple086ｧ908 apple08030ｸ ｧ9ｨb ｧ8 0ｸ7026ｧ8 閨04080ｸ ｷ30ｹ0 apple0802 閨 apple08036ｦ ｧ ｧ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 02fi ｸ ｧ8 fi ｹ ｹ0 apple 閨0ｹ ｹ0 閨 ｹ073. ﾇ apple fi020902, fi000ｷ30ｹ0, 02090ｹ ｧ80ｹ0 0ｸ7026ｧ80ｹ ｧ ｹ 閨0ｹ ｹ0, fi ｸ fi fi ｧ ｧ ﾇ 04036ｧ ｷ ｦ ｸ ｦ ｹ ｹ0 040ｸ ｸ76ｧ80ｹ0 apple08030ｸ ｦ0 006ｧ ｧ ｧ8 apple08030ｸ ｦ ｹ0 ｦﾐｦﾐ ｹ0. 6ﾒ208 fi ｷ3026ｧ ｦ ｧ 閨 ｧ ｷ3 applefi ｧ908 00apple - 086ｧ80ｹ ｷ fi ｦ 閨 ｧ90709 閨020406, apple06 險B fi 02086ｧ9040ｷ300 apple03080ｹ fi fi apple08030ｸ fi fi apple080ｸ7 086ｧ ｷ fi ｸ700apple ｧ ｧ8 0ｸ7026ｧ8 00apple06020ｸ fi ｧ908 00apple 086ｧ80ｹ apple ｹ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 apple08030ｸ ｧ9ｨb ｧ9, fi ｧ8 0ｸ7026ｧ8 00apple06020ｸ ｹ fi applefi fi ｧ , 00apple6ｧ904090ｹ0, ｦ fi fi apple ｹ ｧ8 apple080ｸ7 閨 apple ｧ ｷ ｸ7 fi ｸ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ , ｸ707 鐶pple0006, 02090ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ0 apple08030ｸ ｦ0 006ｧ apple086ｧ apple ｧ8 apple0308apple08030ｸ 閨070ｷ ｧ90ｷ ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0. ﾇ apple fi ｹ ｧ80ｹ0 0ｸ7026ｧ80ｹ0 0ｷ30ｹ0 apple03080ｹ ｷ ｹ ｹ0 020ｷ ｸ ｷ307 69, ｹ ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ ｧ 閨 , fi000ｷ30ｹ0, fi apple086ｧ ｹ ｧ80ｹ0 0ｸ7026ｧ80ｹ ｷ ｧ904 0ｸ ｷ ｹ0 5090ｹ ｹ ｧ8 apple080ｸ7 閨 apple ｧ ｧ90ｷ ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｸ fi 02086ｧ9040ｷ ｧ ｸ7026ｧ ｹ ｸ7030ｸ707fi ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ0. ﾒ ｧ8 0ｸ7026ｧ ｹ 閨0ｹ fi ｹ apple fi ｸ76 50ｷ3026ｧ apple08030ｸ ｨbfi ｦ ｧ ﾑ8apple0006 6ｧ ｧ apple08030ｸ ｦ0 00apple ｦ ｦ ｹ ｧ9 0ｹ0, 閨 ｸ7apple ｧ9 fi0206, 03000ｷ , ｧ8030ｸ ｸ704fiapple080ｸ703080ｹ0, ｸ704fiapple080ｸ703080ｹ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｧ apple ｧ fi ｹ fi ｹ0 fiapple080ｸ ｦ ｧ ｧ apple fi ｧ8, 03fi090ｷ ｹ0 00apple 086ｧ80ｹ ｹ fi ﾑ8apple06apple03 閨0807, apple086ｧ fi0ｹ0 040ｸ ｦ0 apple , apple08030ｸ ｨbfi ｸ7 6ｧ8 06apple03086ｦ0 040ｸ704026ｧ ｹ0 apple08030ｸ ｦ0, 03 apple 閨 閨 ｹ ｧ ｹ0 apple08030ｸ ｦ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ fi ｹ fi ｹ0, apple 03 閨 ｹ0 006ｧ9 閨 apple09096ｧ ｸ703 閨030ｷ ｨB0607 applefi 006ｧ ｧ apple08030ｸ ｦ0 apple080ｸ7, 6ｧ8 09, ｧ 閨 ｷ30ｹ0, apple ｹ0 000ｸ707080ｸ802 閨0ｹ0 apple030800apple0803 閨 ｹ ｷ ｸ7 apple ｦ ｸ7, 09 apple fi ｹ ｧ80ｹ0 0ｸ7026ｧ80ｹ ｷ ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ0 020ｷ ｷ307 閨 ｧ applefi ｸ70ｹ ｸ 閨0ｹ049, ﾒ20308apple08apple08066ｧ ｹ ｧ ｸ7 apple08030ｸ ｦ0 6ﾑ8apple0006 6ｧ ｸ ｧ8 apple08030ｸ ｦ0 020ｷ ｸ70703 閨020ｷ ｸ ｧ ｧ8 020ｷ ｷ307, 閨04080ｸ ｧ 閨0ｹ0 apple030804apple ｹ ｧ90ｷ3046ｧ ｹ0. ﾌ06 apple030804apple ｹ ｨB ｦ 閨0ｷ fi ｸ ｧ8 apple08030ｸ ｦ0, apple086ｧ9000ｹ0 fi000ｷ30ｹ0 apple03080ｹ apple 03fi apple 陦0ｷ fi apple 閨 , apple ｧ80209 apple fi ｷ ｸ ｸ , 09 08apple086ｧ ｧ90ｷ ｧ8 040ｸ ｧ8 apple08030ｸ ｦ ﾒ ｦ fi000ｷ30ｹ0 00apple06020ｸ7046ｧ ｧ90ｷ ｧ ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｸ7 080ｷ30208apple08030ｸ ｦ0 0ｸ701 07fi ｹ0 閨 ｹ0, 09 08apple086ｧ ｧ ｧ ｸ76ｧ8 030ｸ fi07080ｸ7 0002apple0800apple6ｧ80ｹ0 6ｦ ｧ90ｷ307 ( ｧ8-0ｸ ｧ8 閨 ) 6ｧ ｸ701 07fi 閨 ﾒ apple ｸ7 apple08030ｸ ｦ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0, ｸ fi 閨 fi ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｸ7 0007fi0ｹ ｹ ｧ90ｷ307 00apple07070ｷ 閨020406, apple026ｦ ｸ ｹ0 apple0802fi ｹ ｸ7 applefi ｹ fi ｹ0. ﾞapplefi 006ｧ ｧ ｧ , fi000ｷ30ｹ0, 09 08apple086ｧ ｨB ｧ908 gel (gel point), ｸ fi apple ｧ9 apple03 閨 apple 03080ｸ ｧ ｸ703006ｧ ｸ ｧ8 0007fi0ｹ ｦ ｹ , apple 閨 ｦ apple086ｧ9 0ｸ ｧ ｸ7 0ｸ ｦ0 00 閨 ｧ , ｧ90ｷ30ｹ0, apple0208. ﾒ apple ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 00apple ｧ ｦ apple020ｸ701090ｹ ｹ ｧ9 0ｹ ｸ7 0ｸ ｦ0, ｸ7 apple08030ｸ ｦ0, fi ｧ8030ｷ ｸ ｦ ｦ ｸ7 040ｸ ｦ0 apple ｷ ｧ90ｷ30409, 閨020406, 02090ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｹ0 02 閨 ｹ0 apple ｹ0 006ｧ ｦ apple086ｧ9 apple08030ｸ ｧ9ｨb ｸ fi. ﾌ06 Burrow ｸ ｧ ｧ8 6ｦ ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｸ70400fi 02080ｸ ｦ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｧ ｦ ｹ0 00 閨 ｹ0 (00 閨 ｸ702.) applefi apple fiapple08 0ｸ702fi apple 陦 fi ｧ8030ｷ ｸ ｦ0 07 apple026ｦ

7 13 ﾇ ｧ apple ｹ ｧ80ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ0 020ｷ ｷ ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｧ ｸ70300fi 02fi apple ｸ7 apple08030ｸ ｦ , fi0ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 閨 apple08-02 閨 ｷ ｹ ｦ ｹ0 apple08030ｸ ｦ0, 0ｸ fi ｸ7 0ｸ ｦ ｧ apple 03 閨 fi apple fi fi ｧ8-030ｷ3046ｧ ｸ7. 6ﾑ8apple0006 6ｧ8 0ｸ7apple ｧ 閨 ｦ ｹ0 閨 ｹ ｸ7 080ｷ302fi0ｹ ｹ0 040ｸ ｸ76ｧ80ｹ0 apple08030ｸ ｦ ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ0 apple08030ｸ ｦ0 37,38, fiapple080ｹ apple086ｧ908 00apple ｧ9 07 apple apple ｧ ｷ ｹ ｦ ｹ0 apple08030ｸ ｦ ｷ30208apple08030ｸ ｨBfi ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907000ｹ0 006ｧ ｧ9 09 閨 ｸ7 080ｷ302fi0ｹ0. 6ｾ ｧ ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 閨 ｸ7apple ｧ fi0ｹ0 apple08030ｸ ｦ0 080ｷ30208apple08030ｸ ｨBfi ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ 閨 ｹ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0, fi 閨 ｸ7 080ｷ302fi0ｹ ｹ0 040ｸ ｸ76ｧ80ｹ0 080ｷ30208apple08030ｸ ｦ0, 閨 fi03080ｸ703 : fi ｦ ｧ90709 apple08030ｸ ｧ ｧ9 080ｷ302fi0ｹ0 150mW/cm 2 apple 03080ｸ7046ｧ ｹ0 20kPas apple08030ｸ ｧ % ｦ002. ﾞ07026ｧ , fi ｧ ｧ9 6ｧ mW/cm 2, 0208 apple0802 閨 ｧ 閨0ｷ3 000ｹ0 450kPas fi0ｹ0 apple08030ｸ ｦ0 80% ｧ fi 縺 ｧ90ｷ ｹ ｧ80ｹ0 apple03fi04080ｸ704090ｹ0 020ｷ ｷ ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 07 apple026ｦ ｧ ｹ0 6ｧ8apple06 0ｹ0 閨 ｹ0 (soft start) 6ｧ ｧ8 020ｷ ｧ90ｷ307 (two-step), apple086ｧ9 09 閨 ｸ7 apple08030ｸ ｦ0 096ｧ ｧ8 閨 ｧ9 0ｹ ｸ ｸ703006ｧ9 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ ｧ9 0ｸ ｧ80ｹ0 閨 ｹ0 6ｧ8 020ｸ fi ｧ9 0ｸ ｧ80ｹ0 閨 ｹ ｧ ｧ9 0ｹ0 apple080ｸ fiｨB ｧ ｸ701 07fi ｹ0 0002apple0800apple6ｧ80ｹ0. ﾞ0ｸ702fi apple080ｸ ｧ9ｨB ｹ0 030ｸ704076ｧ9000ｹ0 0ｸ702 閨0ｹ0 006ｧ fi fi0ｹ0 apple08030ｸ fi0ｹ ｧ80ｹ0 閨 ｹ apple ｧ ｦ ｧ90709, ｧ ｧ ｸ fi0300apple fi ｹ ｧ80ｹ 閨020406, ｧ8 040ｸ ｧ8 apple08030ｸ ｦ0 85, ｧ9 fi ｧ ｹ ｧ80ｹ0 020ｷ307 6ｦ ｷ307 00apple06020ｸ ｦ ｧ8 apple03fi04080ｸ70409, fi0ｹ0 apple08030ｸ ｦ0, ｧ8 040ｸ ｧ ｸ 閨0ｹ fi ｹ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 apple 閨07080ｸ ｨC ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 ﾒ ｸ702 6ｧ9 0403fi0706, apple086ｧ ｷ 閨020ｷ ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ 閨 apple6ｧ ｷ ｧ9ｨB0006 fi apple fi 陦 08080ｹ0. 6ﾒ fi apple 閨 ｷ 閨020ｷ ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 006ｧ fi ｸ ｧ8 040ｸ ｧ8 apple08030ｸ ｦ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0, ｹ ｦ ｨB 02080ｸ ｦ0 0ｸ ｦ0 040ｸ70402 閨 ｧ ｹ ｸ76ｧ80ｹ ｸ 閨02080ｸ7. ﾇ ｧ ｸ76ｧ80ｹ ｸ 閨02080ｸ7 apple ｸ700apple ｷ fi apple08030ｸ fi 02090ｹ0 080ｷ30208apple08030ｸ ｨBfi ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ fi 080ｷ30ｹ fi020902, fi0ｹ0 apple080ｸ7 閨 ｷ30ｹ0 apple0802 閨 ｧ90ｷ ｷ ｸ ｧ8-020ｷ ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ091ｨC93. 6ﾒ208 閨 ｸ fi fi fi ｧ8 apple0804fi ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 040ｸ70902fi ｹ0 040ｸ70402 閨 閨 fi ﾞapple0802 閨 ｹ ｧ80ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ0 apple08030ｸ ｦ0 apple080ｸ7 040ｸ ｧ 閨 fi ｧ fi ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ094,95. 6ﾒ2 閨 ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0 006ｧ90200 apple0308apple ｸ707ｨB fi00 apple applefi apple0803 閨 ｧ ｸ70ｹ ｧ ｸ700apple ｷ fi apple08030ｸ fi ( 閨 ) 006ｧ90200 apple0308apple ｸ707ｨB ｧ908 6ｦ applefi 036ｧ apple08020ｸ7apple0ｷ ｷ ｧ apple0806 applefi 02060ｹ0 6ｦ fi 080ｸ70ｹ0 006ｧ apple fi apple ｧ ｷ ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ0, 06fi apple 閨 ｧ ,96. 6ｾ40ｸ700apple ｸ ｧ8 apple030804apple ｷ ｸ702 6ｧ90ｷ 閨 , 02fi00, 0ｸ ｧ ｹ ｧ904 0ｸ704090ｹ0 020ｷ ｷ ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ0. 6ﾑ ｸ70902fi ｹ0 046ｦ ｹ ｧ907090ｹ ｧ ｧ apple ｧ 閨 , ｸ70902fi ｧ90709 apple 03080ｸ ｨB apple ｧ apple 閨0ｷ ｷ300 閨070ｷ ｸ apple 03 09fi07020ｷ307. ﾇ ｧ8 080ｷ30208apple08030ｸ ｦ0 0ｸ701 07fi ｹ0 閨 ｹ0 006ｧ apple03 閨 fiapple 閨 ｹ apple ｹ0 020ｷ ｸ70700apple ｹ0 040ｸ ｧ80ｹ0 apple08030ｸ ｦ0 020ｷ ｸ70703 閨020ｷ ｧ9 1. McLean JW, Powis DR, Prosser HJ, Wilson AD. Use of glass ionomer cements in bonding composite resins to dentin. Br. Dent 1985; 158: Asmussen E. The effect of temperature changes on adaptation of resin fillings. I. Acta Odontol Scand 1974; 32: Lee HL, Swartz ML. Scanning electron microscope study of composite restorative materials. J Dent Res.1970 ; 49: Eakle WS. Effect of thermal cycling on fracture strength and micro-leakage in teeth restored with a bonded composite resin Dent Mater, 1986; 2: Asmussen E. Composite resins: composite versus wallto-wall polymerization contraction. Acta Odontol Scand. 1975; 33: Bowen RL, Rapson JE, Dickson G. Hardening shrinkage and hygroscopic expansion of composite resins. J Dent Res ; 61: Goldman M. Polymerization shrinkage of resin-bonded restorative materials. Aust Dent J. 1983; 28: Hay JN, Shortall AC. Polymerization contraction and reaction kinetics of three chemically activated restorative resins. J Dent. 1988; 16: Davidson CL, de Gee AJ. Relaxation of polymerization

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