J Cardiol 2001 Dec; 386: 337 342 : 3 Coronary Artery Dissection Following Angioplasty Evaluated by Fractional Flow Reserve: Report of Three Cases Kazutaka AMAYA, MD Kenji TAKAZAWA, MD, FJCC Nobuhiro TANAKA, MD Kazuhiro TAKEDA, MD Osamu MATSUOKA, MD Fujio KUROSU, MD Katsuhiko OKUAKI, MD Dai HIRAIDE, MD Akira YAMASHINA, MD, FJCC Abstract Fractional flow reserve was measured in three patients with coronary artery dissection occurring after percutaneous coronary intervention. In Case 1, fractional flow reserve decreased from 0.88 to 0.73 and angiography showed coronary artery dissection 20 min after balloon angioplasty. In Case 2, angiography showed good results, but the fractional flow reserve decreased to a low value0.69. Intravascular ultrasonography revealed dissection. In Case 3, angiography clearly showed dissection, but fractional flow reserve remained high0.91. Stent implantation was performed in all three patients, but might not have been necessary in Case 3. Dissection with low or diminished fractional flow reserve value may cause a pressure gradient in the true lumen. Stent implantation is necessary in such cases. On the other hand, cases of dissection in which the fractional flow reserve value is maintained may also cause a pressure gradient in true lumen, but stent implantation may not be necessary. Fractional flow reserve measurements may be useful for the assessment of coronary artery dissection and evaluating the indications for stent implantation. J Cardiol 2001 Dec ; 386: 337342 Key Words Coronary artery disease dissection Angioplasty Stent Coronary circulation fractional flow reserve quantitative coronary angiography : QCA 1 fractional flow reserve: FFR : 1600023 671 The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo Address for correspondence : AMAYA K, MD, The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Nishishinjuku 671, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1600023 Manuscript received May 30, 2001; revised July 18, 2001; accepted July 19, 2001 337
338 Fig. 1 Coronary angiograms in Case 157-year-old male A: Coronary angiogram showing 90% stenosis at right coronary artery segment 2. The preangioplasty FFR value was 0.39. B: Coronary angiogram showing good dilation soon after balloon angioplasty with a 3.5 mm balloon. The FFR value was 0.88. C: Coronary angiogram and intravascular ultrasonogram showing coronary dissection 20 min after balloon angioplasty. The FFR value decreased from 0.88 to 0.73. D : Coronary angiogram showing good dilation after stent implantation. The FFR value increased from 0.73 to 0.94. FFRfractional flow reserve. 24 FFR FFR FFR 57 : 1998 2 9 89METs ST 3 6 : FFR FFR Radi Medical Pressure Wire TM FFR / 2 99%FFR 0.39Fig. 1A Terumo J Cardiol 2001 Dec; 386: 337 342
339 Tsurugi 3.5 20 mmffr 0.88Fig. 1B 20 FFR 0.73 hazziness Fig. 1CACS Multi-Link 4.0 15 mm FFR 0.94 Fig. 1D plain old balloon angioplasty: POBA FFR 20FFR 20 FFR0.15 57 : 2000 5 : 13 90% FFR 0.46 Fig. 2A CordisOmnipass 3.020 mm FFR 0.69 Fig. 2BACS Multi- Link 3.0 15 mmffr 0.92 Fig. 2C Fig. 2 Coronary angiograms in Case 257-year-old male A : Coronary angiogram showing 90% stenosis at left circumflex artery segment 13. The FFR value was 0.46. B : Coronary angiogram showing good dilation but intravascular ultrasonograph showed dissection soon after balloon angioplasty with a 3.0mm balloon. The FFR value was 0.69. C : Coronary angiogram showing optimal dilation after stent implantation. The FFR increased from 0.69 to 0.92. Abbreviation as in Fig. 1. 61 : 2000 10 89 METs STaF 4 6 : 7 90% FFR0.69 Fig. 3A Cordis Omnipass 3.5 20mm ACS Multi- Link 3.515 mm 6 FFR 0.91 Fig. 3B 15 FFR 20 FFR 0.91 J Cardiol 2001 Dec; 386: 337 342
340 stent distal stent proximal Fig. 3 Coronary angiograms in Case 361-year-old male A: Coronary angiogram showing 90% stenosis at left anterior descending artery segment 7. The FFR value was 0.69. B : Coronary angiogram showing distinct dissection in segment 6 immediately after implantation of a 3.5 mm Multi-Link stent in segment 7. The FFR value remained high0.91. C : Coronary angiogram showing no change but intravascular ultrasonogram showed dissection 20 min after stent implantation in segment 7. The FFR showed no change. D : Coronary angiogram showing the dissection had disappeared after a second stent implantation. The FFR value remained 0.91. During retraction of the pressure wire from the lesion distal to the left main trunk, coronary pressure showed no linear shift. LMTleft main trunk. Other abbreviation as in Fig. 1. Fig. 3C10mm Type-C ACS Multi-Link 3.5 15mm FFR0.91 Fig. 3 D FFRPOBA acute recoil 15FFR0.05 5 1 J Cardiol 2001 Dec; 386: 337 342
341 20FFR 0.15 FFR 2 FFR 0.69 FFR FFR FFR 3 2 1520 FFR 0.91 FFR 0.911 Type-C 10mm FFR FFR FFR FFR POBA 6 Type-B Type-C FFR FFR POBA FFR FFR FFR FFR FFR 1FFR 20FFR0.880.732 FFR0.69 3FFR20 FFR0.91 FFR FFR FFR J Cardiol 2001 Dec; 386: 337 342 J Cardiol 2001 Dec; 386: 337 342
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