feeling of sympathy with the people in pain and collectivity, investigating the meaning of death shared by consumers of contemporary dark tourism. Tod

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Transcription:

On the Contemporary Characteristics and the Double Meanings of Dark Tourism This article aims to discuss the way in which dark tourism generates a

feeling of sympathy with the people in pain and collectivity, investigating the meaning of death shared by consumers of contemporary dark tourism. Today, our sense of the life is less tangible, due to the lack of institutional rituals of mitigating grief and loss that ensure the life. Tourism toward sharing the grief of the people in pain, in a sense, can be a response to reviving the meaning of life in a collective manner. On the other, its practice possibly can make the tourists grow a sympathy to the local people, directly intersecting traumatic others beyond verbal communications. Also, the local can share the grief with the tourists and mediate their traumatic experiences, in the recognition of their precarious selves by others. While the dark tourism is an ultimate consumer practice of modern people, it will open for a possibility of growing compassion to and sharing collectivity with the people in pain. Key words dark tourism, consumption society, sympathy, trauma, selfexpression

1960 1970 20 250km B52 1990 2015 5 20 http://www.tripadvisor.jp/attraction_review-g293925-d2005826-reviews- Cu_Chi_Tunnels-Ho_Chi_Minh_City.html

2 1 10

60m 3 T 2015 5 20 TNK Japan http://www.tnkjapan.com/tours/sgn017_ cuchi_half_pm1 2000 2

1970 1 5 2

3 3

1990 1990 10 2004 2000 3

2012 140 156 2004 2005 3 10 1993 1995 2009 185 190 2009 188 3

1990 J John Lennon M Malcolm Foley 2 John Lennon

Malcolm Foley Dark Tourism Attraction of death and Disaster Richard Sharpley 2009 Institute for Dark Tourism Research idtr 2015 5 15 Institute for Dark Tourism Research www.dark-tourizm.org.uk Tanatourism grief tourism black tourism 1990 Richard Sharpley 2009 idtr heritage that hearts

7 2012 idtr P.L. B. P.LBerger B.Berger 1972=1979 362-371

1 2 D MacCannel 1999=2012

MacCannel 1999=2012:112-113 G. Gorel 1965 =1986: 209 19 20 Gorel1965 =1986: Aries1983=1990 19 20 1965 =1986:207 Gorel 1965 =1986:206

N.H.H. Graburn 1989: 24-31 Sacred Journey 1995

1945 1960 1960 1970 1970 1990 1995:10realize 1995: 11 3 1990 2008 1995: 43-48 4 1990

1995 PTSD

1996 NHK PTSD J.L. PTSD Herman 1992 1996 PTSD 2013: 91

2013: 91 1995 Herman 1992=1996

2013 167

5 2014 M

2014:98 2014: 85 2010: 230

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2014 Aries, Philippe 1983 Images de L Homme Devant la Mort Paris; Seuil =1990, 2013 1 7 2012 16 B5-1 2008a 2008b 2009 Gorer, Geoffrey 1965 Death Grief, and Mourning in Contemporary Britain, London: Cresset Press =1986, Sharpley, Richard & Stone R.,Philip eds. 2009 The Darker Side of Travel: The theory and Practice of Dark Tourism Bristol: Channel View Publications 2005 1993 Nelson H.H. Graburn The Sacred Journey in Nelson H.H. Graburn 'Valene L. Smith eds. 1989 Host and Guest : The Anthropology of Tourism, Second edition, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press:22-36 Berger, Peter L. and Berger, Brigitte 1972 Sociology: A Biographical Approach, New York: Basic Book Inc. =1979,, Herman, Judith L 1992 Trauma and Recovery New York: HaperCollins Publishers =1996

MacCannel, Dean 1999 The Tourist: A new Theory of the Leisure Class, Los Angeles,University of California Press =2012, 1995 2012 2013 2010 PTSD