X X 1 1 2 Free Electron Laser: FEL 2.1 2 2 3 SACLA 4 SACLA [1]-[6] [7] 1: S N
λ [9] XFEL OHO 13 X [8] 2 2.1 2(a) (c) z y y (a) S N 90 λ u 4 [10, 11] Halbach (b) 2: (a) (b) (c) (c)
1 2 [11] B y = n=1 B n,0 cos nk u z cosh nk u y (2-1) B z = n=1 B n,0 sin nk u z sinh nk u y (2-2) B y B z y z k u =2π/λ u n k n =1+4k n =1 5 9 13 B n,0 B n,0 =2B r F n (4)G n H n (2-3) B r F n G n H n F n (M) = sin nπ/m nπ/m G n = e πng/λu H n = 1 e 2πnh/λu g H 3 (2-1) (2-2) λ u B 1,0 B y z y 3: B z y =0 y 0 B z XFEL GeV 2B r B n,0 3
1 M =4 2.1.1 1 F n F n (4) 4 90 M M =2 2 M =6 6 60 M 360/M M F n (M) 2.1.2 2 G n G n n 5 g/λ u 2 G 1 0 4: F 1 (M) 4 n =1 F 1 M M =2 6 M =4 9 M 5: G 1 H 1 1
2.1.3 3 H n H n h = H n =1 5 h/λ u 3 H 1 2.2 K K K = eb 1,0λ u 2πmc (2-4) 2.1.2 [8] β x β x = K γ sin k uz (2-5) γ (2-5) z x e = λ uk 2πγ cos k uz (2-6) (2-5) (2-6) Kγ 1 λ u K/(2πγ) z z v z c [8] λ 1 λ 1 = λ u(1 + K 2 /2) 2γ 2 (2-7) λ 1 XFEL XFEL λ 1 λ 1 [7] λ 1 ω 1 =2πc/λ 1 K K λ u B 1,0 λ u K 2.3 B de/dv d 3 E dxdydz = 1 2 BH = 1 B 2 2μ 0 (2-1) (2-2)
E = LW B 4μ 1,0(g) 2 0 g/2 g/2 = LW 2μ 0 B 2 1,0(g) = LW 4μ 0 gb 2 1,0(g) (cosh 2 k u y +sinh 2 k u y)dy g/2 0 cosh 2k u ydy W x L z B 1,0 g g λ u 2 g g +Δg ΔE Δg 0 E g f(g) = LW 4μ 0 = LW 4μ 0 B 2 1,0(g) [ B1,0(g)+g 2 db2 1,0 (g) ] dg ( 1 2πg ) λ u LW 4μ 0 B 2 1,0(g) SACLA L =5m W =30mm B 1,0 =1.3 T( 3.7 mm ) 5 2.4 1) 2) 2 g 6: 1) B r 2) i H c B r i H c 6 B r i H c 2.5 5 [8] 2.3 7
7: y 1 1 2.3 2 2 z 2.6.1 7 y
λ λ λ 8: (a) (b) y d 3 2 7 3.5 2.6 1% 1 2 2.6.1 2.2 λ 1 λ 1 z ( ) c Δl(z) = 1 dz λ 1 z 0 v z z ( ) 1 = 2γ 2 + β2 2 λ 1 dz 0 λ 1 φ(z) = 2πΔl(z) λ 1 φ(z) =0 λ 1 8(a) λ 1 /c φ(z) 0 8(b) (b) (a) XFEL 2.6.2
I 1x,1y = I 2x,2y = L/2 L/2 L/2 L/2 B x,y (z)dz dz z L/2 B x,y (z )dz L I 1x,1y I 2x,2y 9 9: θ δ [8] θ δ I 1x,1y I 2x,2y θ x,y = δ x,y = e γmc I 1y,1x e γmc I 2y,2x SPring- 8 SACLA XFEL COD θ δ 2.7 1) 2) 2 2.7.1 2 10(a) 10(b) 10(c) Φ Φ= L/2 L/2 zw L/2 B y(z)dz Φ= 2W ( ) L L 2 I 1y I 2y
10: (a) (b) (c) (d) y 2) 3) 0 1) NMR 100ppm/cm 11 1T 0.1V 10mA I 2y = L 2 I 1y L 2W Φ 10(c) Φ Φ 2.7.2 50μm 50μm 1) 11: 2) 2 B T
2 SPring-8 3) z 2 12: (a) (b) (c) SACLA 12 3.5 mm 1.47T 2.7.3 λ 1 λ 1 /n n n 3 3
SPring-8 [12] 1 SPring-8 10 1 SPring-8 2 13 13: 12(b) (c) 3 SACLA [13]-[15] SACLA 3.1
h min g min g min = h min +2(t d + d sp ) t d d sp t d + d sp 2mm h min 4mm G n 2.1.2 SACLA 18mm e 2π(t d+d sp)/λ u =e 2π 4/18 2 2 3.2 14 z 3.2.2 z z 2 3.2.1 2 2 3.2.3 10 3 XFEL
14: ±0.1 3.2.4 2.7.3 50μm 30μ m 3.2.5 0.1mm 3.3 4 4
3.3.1 5μm 5 SACLA SPring-8 2 3.3.3 140 3.3.2 100 SPring-8 125 300 3.4 SPring-8 [16] 2000kA/m 3.3.3 [17] SPring-8 5
3.5 SPring-8 [18, 19] 3.5.1 2.7.2 2 z 15 z x ) y (z ) y (2-1) 5m z x y 30 μm 18mm 50ppm 15: 16 16(a) z
SPring-8 SPring-8 SAFALI 16: 16(b) 2 g 2 3 g 3 G n SPring-8 32mm SACLA 18mm In-situ 3.5.2 SAFALI z x y SPring-8 17 z φ5mm 2mm Position Sensitive Detector: PSDz x y 2 z Self-Aligned Field Analyzer with Laser Instrumentation SAFALI SAFALI
PSD 17: SAFALI 3.5.3 SACLA SAFALI 18(a) (b) 3.3 7.2 SACLA 5m 3 6 18(c) SACLA 18 4 XFEL [8] 100 m
[20] 4.1 K 3 4.1.1 18: SAFALI (a) (b) (c) SACLA XFEL 100 m BPM XFEL BPM BPM 4.1.2 K (2-7) XFEL K K (2-4) K B 1,0 y (2-1) K K
K K K 4.1.3 K 6 2π 1 4.2 4.2.1 SPring-8 FEL 6 [8] 1: (FWHM) 8GeV 75 pc 20 fsec 3.5 ka 0.7 mm mrad 10 4 18 mm K 2.18 5m 6.15 m 18 SIMPLEX[21] 1 [8] 0.124nm 10keV BPM i x i = R i σ x R i 0 1 σ x BPM BPM FEL 100 σ x,y =10μm 19 σ x,y =0 0.19 mj σ x,y =10
μm BPM σ x,y =10 μm 20: σ x,y 4.2.2 19: σ x,y =10μm σ x,y 20 σ x σ y BPM σ x,y x i x i = x i x i 1 D D BPM y σ x,y σ x,y σ x,y = 2σx,y D 2 20 100 E Σ E E 2Σ E 2Σ E FEL 50% 97.5% 90% 2 K 2 5 10 4
BPM 2.2 - μm 0.50 0.22 (x) μrad 0.48 (y) K 5.0 1.8 10 4 1.9 0.6 μm 60 10 μm 30 15 degree 2: SACLA 4.4 SACLA 1.0μ m 60μ m 4.3 SACLA 2 4.3.1 21 80 m X 4.3.2 BPM BPM ±2 μm 2 LCLS BPM BPM Beam Based Alignment 132 m 5μ m BPM BPM 110 m 190 m 220 m 21: SACLA
y' (μrad) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0-0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 x' (μrad) 22: SACLA γ 1 60μ rad μ rad X SACLA CCD 22 23: 23 100 0.22 μrad 0.48 μrad 0.50 μrad SACLA SACLA 4.3.3 K 2.6.1 hω 1 K [7]
ω 1 = 4πcγ 2 λ u (1 + K 2 /2+γ 2 θ 2 ) SACLA f( hω,k,z,δx, ΔY,E,σ e, x, y, x,y,σ x,σ y,σ x,σ y ) hω Z ΔX ΔY E σ E x x σ x σ x Z ΔX ΔY 4 x y x y σ x σ y σ x σ y 4 f( hω,k,e,σ e ) Z Twiss K E σ E SACLA K 24(a) x y 10mm SPring-8 SPECTRA [22] 24(b) 0.5mm 0 24(a) K 24(a) ω 1 ( K 24(a) K 25 7.8 GeV 10keV (2-7) K 2.1
25: 10keV K 24: (a) 10mm 10mm (b) 0.5mm 0.5mm 3.88 mm 3.87 mm K 2.1 ( ) a3 g f(g) =(a 1 + a 2 g)erf + a 5 (4-1) erf a 1 a 5 a 3 25 a 3 =3.8736 mm K K a 4 ( a 3 ) K 0 26 0.1mm 4.3.4 2 27(a)
26: 10keV 2 30.4 mm 32.4 mm 27(b) 7 27(b) 30.4 mm 34.2 mm 39.6 mm 4.4 7 30.4mm 27: (a) 2 (b) a) 9.988keV 1 23
25 26 100 2 5 SACLA XFEL X SPring-8 SACLA SPring-8 XFEL 4 XFEL OHO SACLA [1] H. Motz, J. Appl. Phys. 22 (1951) 527. [2] B. M. Kincaid, J. Appl. Phys. 48 (1977) 2684. [3] D. Attwood et al., Science 228 (1985) 1265. [4] K. J. Kim, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A246 (1986) 71. [5] D. F. Alferov et al., Sov. Phys. Usp. 32 (1989) 200. [6] R. P. Walker, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A335 (1993) 328. [7] K. J. Kim, in Physics of Particle Accelerators, AIP Conf. Proc. 184 (Am. Inst. Phys., New York, 1989), p. 565. [8], OHO 13 X. [9] H. Winick, Synchrotron Radiation Sources - A Primer (World Scientific, 1995), chap. 14. [10] K. Halbach, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 187 (1981) 109. [11] K. Halbach, J. Physique C1 (1983) 211. [12] T. Tanaka et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth., A465 (2001) 600. [13] S. Yamamoto et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63 (1991) 400. [14] T. Hara et al., J. Synchrotron Rad 5 (1998) 403. [15] T. Tanaka et al., Proc. 27th Int. Free Electron Laser Conf. (FEL2005), 370. [16] T. Bizen et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A467-468 (2001) 185. [17] T. Bizen et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A515 (2003) 850. [18] T. Tanaka et al., Proc. 30th Int. Free Electron Laser Conf. (FEL2008), 371. [19] T. Tanaka et al., Phys. Rev. ST-AB, 12 (2009) 120702. [20] T. Tanaka et al., Phys. Rev. ST-AB 15 (2012) 110701. [21] T. Tanaka, Proc. 26th Int. Free Electron Laser Conf. (FEL2004), 435 URL
http://radiant.harima.riken.go.jp/ simplex/index.html [22] T. Tanaka et al., J. Synchrotron Rad., 8 (2001) 1221 URL http://radiant.harima.riken.go.jp/ spectra/index.html